Srokovo

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Srokovo
Srokovo coat of arms
Srokowo (Poland)
Srokovo
Srokovo
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Kętrzyn
Geographic location : 54 ° 13 '  N , 21 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 12 '49 "  N , 21 ° 31' 9"  E
Residents : 1385 (2011)
Postal code : 11-420
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NKE
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 650 : ( Kętrzyn -) Stara Różanka ↔ Węgorzewo - Gołdap
Brzeźnica - Bajory Wielkie - Srokowski Dwór → Srokowo
Barciany / ext. 591 - Jegławki → Srokowo
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Rural community
Gmina structure: 12 school offices
Surface: 194.63 km²
Residents: 3805
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 20 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2808062
Administration (as of 2012)
Community leader : Franciszek Andruszkiewicz
Address: pl. Rynkowy 1
11-420 Srokowo
Website : www.srokowo.iaw.pl



Srokowo [ srɔˈkɔvɔ ] ( German Drengfurth , Polish until 1950 Dryfort ) is a village and seat of the rural community of the same name in the powiat Kętrzyński (Rastenburg district) in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

Srokowo is located in the historical region of East Prussia , about 20 kilometers north-northeast of Kętrzyn ( German  Rastenburg ) and twelve kilometers west of Węgorzewo (Angerburg) on the Omet River . To the east of the village are the Fürstenauer Teufelsberg ( Polish: Diabla Góra ) and the Rehsauer See ( Jezioro Rydzówka ).

The place Srokowo (City of Drengfurth )

history

Local history

Drengfurt southeast of Königsberg and northeast of Rastenburg on a map from 1908
Town hall (photo 2010)
Half-timbered house in Srokowo (photo 2010)
Bismarck Tower (photo 2010)

Originally the village was a small village on the left bank of the Omet. The actual city was laid out on the right bank in a very regular form and in 1405 had received city ​​privilege according to Kulm law from the Grand Master of the Order Konrad von Jungingen ; the old village on the road to Barten , which existed before, developed into a suburb. In 1419 the city of Drengfurth is mentioned in the large interest book of the order government .

Drengfurth always remained a small town with a population below 3,000. In addition to agriculture and handicrafts, sawmills were the most important businesses. There was a regional and municipal court in Drengfurth. At the beginning of the 20th century, Drengfurth had a Protestant church and a provincial invalid company.

On June 20, 1934, the municipality (from April 1, 1935: "City") of Drengfurth was incorporated into the Fürstenau district (in Polish: Leśniewo ) in the East Prussian district of Rastenburg . As a result, the Fürstenau district was renamed the Drengfurth district. On April 1, 1938, the municipality of Drengfurt, Vorstadt was incorporated into the city of Drengfurth.

Until 1945 Drengfurth belonged to the district of Rastenburg in the administrative district of Königsberg in the province of East Prussia of the German Empire .

During the Second World War , the Red Army conquered the city on January 27, 1945 and placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . Of the 2,293 inhabitants in 1939, 120 people still lived in the city, which was 60% destroyed after the Second World War. It lost its town charter on December 28, 1945 and was demoted to a village. Today the place with 1385 inhabitants in 2011 - seat of the homonymous rural community in the powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ), until 1998 the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship belongs.

Place name

For Drengfurth, the Polonized place name Dryfort was introduced in 1945 . In 1950 the name was in honor of geographers and diplomats Stanisław Srokowski in Srokowo changed. Srokowski had been the head of the Polish Committee for Establishing Place Names in Poland's " Reclaimed Territories ".

Population figures up to 1945

year Residents Remarks
1782 about 1200 without the 269 inhabitants of the suburb of Drengfurt (Kämmereidorf)
1802 1251
1810 1210
1816 1217 including 1,211 Evangelicals and six Catholics (no Jews)
1821 1388
1828 1506
1831 1541
1858 1739 including 1,659 Evangelicals and 80 Catholics (no Jews)
1885 1693
1900 1511
1933 2233
1939 2293

Drengfurth district (1934–1945)

When the Fürstenau district was renamed "Drengfurth District" in 1934:

German name Polish name Remarks
Drengfurt, suburb 1938 incorporated into the city of Drengfurth
Drengfurt (City) Srokovo
Fürstenau Leśniewo
Marienthal Kosakovo

church

The now Catholic Holy Cross Church in Srokowo

Church building

Catholic Holy Cross Church

The church, built in 1409, was a Protestant parish church in Drengfurth until 1945 and has since been the main place of worship in the Catholic parish of Srokowo. The structure is a chorus-less plastered brick building on a field stone foundation , which, however, had to undergo multiple restorations - with only a few structural changes. The interior is simple, but still has some treasures, including the still preserved prospectus of the organ made by Johann Preuss in 1769 , the sound of which organ builder Wilhelm Sauer determined in 1897.

Protestant church
The now Evangelical Church in Srokowo

The church, built in neo-Romanesque architecture from granite stone and brick in 1937, served the Catholic parish of St. Katharina in Rastenburg as a branch chapel until 1945 . Today it is a church for the small evangelical community as a home for worship.

Parish / parish

Catholic

The vast majority of the population in the Srokoeo region is now Catholic. Their number rose sharply after 1945 due to the large number of new settlers. The church members live in a large parish area. The parish itself belongs to the Deanery Kętrzyn II (Northeast) in the Archdiocese of Warmia .

Evangelical

Before 1945, the population in the city and state of Drengfurth was almost without exception of Protestant denomination. In 1925 the city of Drengfurth alone had 1618 inhabitants, 1613 of whom were Protestant. Until 1945 the parish was assigned to the church district Rastenburg in the church province of East Prussia, part of the church of the Old Prussian Union . Today it is a subsidiary of the Johanneskirche in Kętrzyn in the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Attractions

  • The two churches from 1409 and 1937 respectively
  • Baroque town hall with turret, built 1775–78
  • City complex with a large central market square
  • The Bismarck Tower on the Fürstenau Teufelsberg (Diabla Góra) to the east

traffic

Street

Srokowo is located on Voivodship Road 650 , which leads from Stara Różanka (Alt Rosenthal) not far from the district town of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) to the other two district towns of Węgorzewo (Angerburg) and Gołdap (Goldap) in northeast Masuria. In addition, several side streets connect the town with neighboring towns such as Brzeźnica (Birkenfeld) on the Polish-Russian state border and Barciany (Barten) in the neighboring municipality of the same name.

rail

Today Srokowo has no connection to the railroad . From 1887 to 1945, the former city Drengfurth last stop was the railway line from Rastenburg , by the Rastenburger Kleinbahnen was busy. It was not reactivated after 1945.

The nearest train station today is Kętrzyn on the Białystok – Ełk – Korsze line .

air

The closest airport is Kaliningrad Airport , but due to its location on Russian territory and outside the European Union, it can only be used to a very limited extent. The nearest airport on Polish territory is in Gdansk .

Personalities

  • Georg Neumann (* 1634 in Drengfurth; † (buried) December 3, 1679 in Königsberg), mathematician and civil engineer
  • Franz Christian Naunyn (born September 29, 1799 in Drengfurth), German lawyer and Lord Mayor of Berlin († 1860)
  • Martin Schwantes (born August 20, 1904 in Drengfurth), German resistance fighter against National Socialism († 1945)
  • August Hilger (1847–1926), German classical philologist, high school teacher in Danzig
  • Arthur Behrendt (1889–1962), German farmer and horse breeder
  • Czesław Urbanik (born July 20, 1952 in Srokowo), Polish sports scientist, professor at the Academy in Warsaw

Trivia

When the corps landscape teams were created at the Albertus University in Königsberg , theology student Christian Mowitz - a member of the Corps Masovia - invented the "Drenfurthia". The ridiculous name for wreaths came to much ridiculous fame and was still used in the Königsberg student associations in the 20th century to raise their fellow students from Drengfurth as "Drängfurzians".

and display information about the image
View from the western slope of Diabla Góra (Fürstenauer Teufelsberg) to Sokrowo (2010)

Gmina Srokowo

General

The coat of arms of Gmina Srokowo

The rural community of Srokowo covers an area of ​​194.63 km² and had 3805 inhabitants on June 30, 2019. The municipal area makes up 16% of the total area of ​​the powiat Kętrzyński , in whose northeast region it is located. 62% of the community area is agricultural land, 23% is forest areas. The municipality has several lakes, of which the Schülzer See ( Jezioro Silec in Polish ) is the largest.

coat of arms

The rural municipality of Srokowo has its own coat of arms , which is not identical to that of the village.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring municipalities of the rural municipality Srokowo are:

Community structure

The rural community Srokowo has an area of ​​194.63 km², on which about 4,300 inhabitants live. The following localities belong to the municipality:

Polish name German name
(until 1945)		 Polish name German name
(until 1945)
Bajorki Bajohrental
1938–45 Blankental 		Pieczarki Bergensee
Bajorski Gaj Bajohrenwalde
1938–45 Blankenwalde 		Podlasia Louisenhof
Bajory Małe Klein Bajohren
1938–45 Kleinblankenfelde 		Pyszki Nordenhof
Bajory Wielkie Groß Bajohren
1938–45 Großblankenfelde 		Różanka-Leśniczówka
Brzeźnica Birch field Rybakovo Schonthal
Chojnica Clipper Rypławki Riplauken
Dolny Siniec Great bluestone Siemkowo Terra
Goszczewo Adolfshof Silec Schülzen
Jankowice Jankenwalde Silecki Folwark Good Schülzen
Jegławki Jäglack Siniec Groß Blaustein
1928–45 Bluestone
Kaczory Fürstenwalde Siniec-Cegielnia Brick factory Groß Blaustein
Kałki Six heirs Sińczyk-Leśniczówka Small bluestone
Kąty Langeneck Skandławki Skandlack
Kolkiejmy Kollkeim Solanka Salzbach
Kosakovo Marienthal Sówka Owl Court
Księży Dwór Fürstenhof Srokovo Drengfurth
Łęknica Löcknick Srokowski Dwór Drengfurthshof
Łęsk Bilge germ Starlings Jegławki Alt Jäglack
Leśniewo Fürstenau Suchodoły Friedenthal
Leśny Rów Ivenhof Szczeciniak Stettenbruch
Lipowo Wikrowo Wickerau
Marszałki Marschallsheide Wilcza Wólka Friedrichsberg
Mazurkowo Masurhofchen Wilcze Forest house Drengfurth
Mintowo Mint meadow Wilczyny Wolf Hagen
Młynowo (Noble) Mühlbach Wólka Jankowska Marienwalde
Niedziały Forester's house Wenden Wyskok Courtyard of peace
Nowa Różanka New Rosenthal Wysoka Góra Hochberg
Osikowo Leitnerswalde Złote Poles

Population - age structure

The age pyramid for 2014 provides information on the age structure of the residents of Gmina Srokowo: Piramida wieku Gmina Srokowo.png

nature

Jezioro Oświn

In the area of ​​the rural municipality of Srokowo there are numerous areas of almost untouched nature. Within its borders there are nature reserves such as the "Bajory" (215.05 hectares) and the "Kałeckie Błota" (173.82 hectares) as well as part of the area "Jezioro Siedmiu Wysp" (German: Lake of the Seven Islands), which the Jezioro Oświn (German: Nordenburger See) covers.

The Masurian Canal ( Kanał Mazurski in Polish ) runs through the northeastern municipality . The Warmińsko-Mazurski Slak Bociani ( German Warmia-Masuria Storchenweg ) also leads through the area.  

literature

in order of appearance
  • Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 287-289. (books.google.de)
  • Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Marienwerder 1785, pp. 18–19, No. 5. (books.google.de)
  • Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: East Prussia Province. Berlin 1833, pp. 422-427. (books.google.de)
  • August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 514, No. 113. (books.google.de)
  • Hugo Bonk: History of the city of Drengfurt . Ahl, Rastenburg 1905.

Web links

Commons : Srokowo  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Gmina Srokowo  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 1745.
  2. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  3. ^ Max Toeppen : About Prussian Lischken, spots and cities. A contribution to the history of the municipal constitutions in Prussia. In: New Prussian Provincial Papers. Fourth episode. Volume 4. Königsberg 1867, pp. 511-536. (books.google.de)
  4. ^ WFC Starke: Justice and Administration Statistics of the Prussian State . Volume 1. Heymann, Berlin 1839, p. 43. (books.google.de)
  5. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon. 6th edition. Volume 5, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, p. 193. (zeno.org)
  6. ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, District Fuerstenau / Drengfurth
  7. ↑ Wieś Srokowo w liczbach (Polish)
  8. ^ History of Srokowo - Drengfurth at ostpreussen.net
  9. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Marienwerder 1785, pp. 18–19, No. 5. (books.google.de)
  10. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell, Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T-Z. Halle 1823, pp. 274–275, item 129. (books.google.de)
  11. ↑ Geographical Institute: New General Geographical and Statistical Ephemeris . Volume 30, Weimar 1830, p. 24. (books.google.de)
  12. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 514, No. 113. (books.google.de)
  13. ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 205, point 52. (books.google.de)
  14. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. rastenburg.html # ew33rastdrengfurt. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  15. ↑ Kösener Korpslisten 1910, 141 , 191. Mowitz became pastor in Kruschwitz .
  16. ↑ Hans Lippold: Masovia in the pigeon house . In: Newspaper of the Altmark Masuria. Volume 44, 1969, p. 873.
  17. ↑ Kobiety = women, Mężczyźni = men