List of heads of state 999

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Africa

• Egypt ( Fatimids )
  • Caliph : Al-Hākim bi-amr Allāh (996-1021)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Jan Seyum (959–999)
  • Emperor: Germa Seyum (999-1039)

• Ifrīqiya ( Zirids )
  • Ruler : Badis ibn Ziri (995-1016)

Asia

• Armenia
  • King : Gagik I. (989-1020)

• Bagan
  • King : Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu (992-1014)

• Champa
  • King : Yan Pu Ku Vijaya Shrî (998-1007)

• China
  • Liao (in North China)
    • Emperor : Shengzong (982-1031)
  • Northern song
    • Emperor : Zhenzong (987-1022)
  • Xi Xia
    • Emperor : Tàizǔ (991–1004)

• Georgia
  • King : Gurgen (994-1008)

• India
  • Western Chalukya (in the West Indies)
    • King : Jata Choda Bhima (973-1000)
  • Chola (in South India)
    • King : Rajaraja I (985-1014)
  • Cashmere ( Lohara Dynasty )
    • Queen : Didda (958-1003)
  • Pala
    • King : Ramapala (approx. 974 – approx. 1027)
  • Pratihara
    • King : Rajyapala (960-1018)

• Iran
  • Buyiden
    • Ruler of Jibal : Shams ad-Daula Abu Tahir Fulan (997-1021)
    • Rulers of Fars, Khuzistan and Kirman : Baha ad-Daula Abu Nasr Firuz (998-1012)
  • Ghaznavids
    • Ruler : Mahmud (997-1030)
  • Saffarids
    • Ruler : Wali d-Daula Abu Ahmad Chalaf (969–1003)
  • Samanids
    • Ruler : Abu l-Harith Mansur II (997–999)
    • Ruler: Abd al-Malik II (999–1000)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Ichijō (986-1011)

• Khmer
  • King : Jayavarman V (968-1001)

• Korea
  • Goryeo
    • King : Mokjong (997-1009)

• Mataram
  • King : Dharmawangsa (985-1006)

• Caliphate of the Muslims
  • Caliph : al-Qādir bi-'llāh (991-1031)

Europe

• Bulgaria
  • Tsar : Samuil (997-1014)

• Burgundy
  • King : Rudolf III. (993-1032)

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Basil II (976-1025)

• Denmark
  • King : Sven Gabelbart (986–1014) (1013–1014 King of England), (986–995, 1000–1014 King of Norway)

• England
  • King : Æthelred the unadvised (978-1013, 1014-1016 )

• France
  • King : Robert II (996-1031)
  • Anjou
    • Count : Fulko III. (987-1040)
  • Aquitaine
    • Duke : Wilhelm V (995-1030)
  • Auvergne
    • Count : Wilhelm IV. (989-1016)
  • Brittany
    • Duke : Gottfried I (992-1008)
  • Burgundy (Duchy)
    • Duke : Heinrich I (965-1002)
  • Burgundy (Free County)
    • Count Palatine : Otto Wilhelm (982-1026)
  • Maine
    • Count : Hugo III. (992-1015)
  • Normandy
    • Duke : Richard II (996-1026)
  • Toulouse county
    • Count : Wilhelm III. (960-1037)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • Roman-German King : Otto III. (983–1002) (since 996 Kaiser )
    • Bavaria
      • Duke : Heinrich IV. (995–1004, 1009–1017 ) (1002–1024 Roman-German king)
    • Bohemia
      • Duke : Boleslav II (967–999)
      • Duke: Boleslav III. (999–1002)
    • Flanders
      • Count : Balduin IV. (988-1035)
    • Holland
      • Count : Dietrich III. (993-1039)
    • Carinthia
      • Duke : Otto I. ( 978-983 , 995-1004)
    • Lausitz
      • Margrave : Gero (993-1015)
    • Luxembourg
      • Count : Heinrich I (998-1026)
    • Meissen
      • Margrave : Ekkehard I. (985-1002)
    • Lower Lorraine
      • Duke : Otto (991–1005 / 06)
    • Nordmark
      • Margrave : Lothar von Walbeck (993-1003)
    • Upper Lorraine
      • Duke : Dietrich I. (984-1026 / 27)
    • Saxony
      • Duke : Bernhard I (973-1011)
    • Swabia
      • Duke : Hermann II. (997-1003)

• Italy
  • National King : Otto III. (983-1002)
  • Amalfi
    • Duke : Manso I (966–1004) (981–983 Prince of Salerno)
  • Benevento (common rule)
    • Duke : Pandulf II. (981-1014)
    • Duke: Landulf V. (987-1033)
  • Capua
    • Prince : Laidulf (993–999)
    • Prince: Adhemar (999)
    • Prince: Landulf VII. (999–1007)
  • Ivrea
    • Margrave : Konrad (965-1001)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Gregory V (996–999)
    • Pope: New Year II (999-1003)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Wilhelm III. (991-1017)
  • Naples
    • Duke : Sergius III. (977-999)
    • Duke: John III. (999–1002)
  • Salerno
    • Prince : Waimar III. (994-1027)
  • Sicily ( Kalbites )
    • Emir : Ja'far al-Kalbi (998-1019)
  • Tuscany
    • Duke : Hugo (961-1001)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Pietro II. Orseolo (991-1009)

• Croatia
  • King : Svetoslav Suronja (997–1000)

• Norway
  • King : Olav I. Tryggvason (995–1000)

• Poland
  • Duke : Bolesław I. Chrobry (992-1025) (from 1025 king)

• Russia
  • Grand Duke : Vladimir I (980-1015)

• Scotland
  • King : Kenneth III. (997-1005)

• Sweden
  • King : Olaf Schosskönig (around 995-1022)

• Spain
  • Barcelona county
    • Count : Raimund Borrell (992-1017)
  • Caliphate of Cordoba
    • Caliph : Hisham II (976-1009, 1010-1013 )
  • Castile
    • Count : Sancho García (995-1017)
  • Leon
    • King : Bermudo II (984–999)
    • King: Alfonso V (999-1028)
  • Navarre
    • King : García II (994–1000)

• Hungary
  • King : Stephan I, the saint (997-1038) (up to 1000 Grand Duke)

• Wales
  • Deheubarth
    • Prince : Maredudd from Owain (986–999) (986–999 Prince of Powys and Gwynedd)
    • Prince: Cynan ap Hywel (999–1005) (999–1005 Prince of Gwynedd)
  • Glywysing
    • Prince : Hywel from Owain (around 990 – around 1043)
  • Gwent (983-1015 joint rule)
    • Prince : Rhodri ap Elisedd (983 – around 1015)
    • Prince: Gruffydd ap Elisedd (983 – around 1015)
  • Gwynedd
    • Prince : Maredudd from Owain (986–999) (986–999 Prince of Powys and Deheubarth)
    • Prince: Cynan ap Hywel (999–1005) (999–1005 Prince of Deheubarth)
  • Powys
    • Prince : Maredudd from Owain (986–999) (986–999 Prince of Deheubarth and Gwynedd)
    • Prince: Llywelyn ap Seisyll (999-1023)

• Zeta (in present-day Montenegro)
  • Prince : Jovan Vladimir (989-1015)