List of universal encyclopedias

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The list of universal encyclopedias is sorted by language. It does not contain any thematically limited encyclopedias .

Albanian (Shqip)

Arabic (العربية)

See: Encyclopedias from the Arab culture

Bulgarian (Български)

  • LJ Kasarov : Enciklopediceski recnik (encyclopedic dictionary), Plovdiv, 3 volumes, 1899–1907

Chinese (中文)

See: Encyclopedias from the Chinese culture

Danish (Dansk)

German

Estonian (Eesti)

  • Karl A. Herman : Eesti üleüldise teaduse raamat ehk encyclopädia konversationilexikon, Tartu (Dorpat), from 1900

English (Deutsch)

Literature: S. Padraig Walsh: Anglo-American General Encyclopedias: A Historical Bibliography 1703-1967 . New York et al. a. 1968

  • Cyclopaedia , 1728, 2 volumes
  • Dennis de Coetlogon: An Universal History of Arts and Sciences . London 1745
  • Encyclopædia Britannica , 1st edition 1768–1771, 3 volumes. The [important?] 11th edition (1911) is in the public domain .
  • Alexander Aitchison et al. a .: Encyclopædia Perthensis . Mitchel, Perth (Scotland) 1796–1806 (23 vols.)
  • Rees's Cyclopaedia, 1802–1820, 39 volumes of text, 5 volumes with plates, 1 atlas
  • Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 1808
  • British Encyclopaedia, 1809, 6 volumes
  • Encyclopaedia Londinensis. 1810
  • Pantologia, 1813, 12 volumes
  • Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, 1817–1845, 30 volumes
  • Encyclopaedia Americana , 1st edition 1829–1833, 13 volumes (based on the 7th edition of Brockhaus)
  • Penny Cyclopaedia, 1833-1846
  • KM Banerjea: Encyclopaedia Bengalensis (in English). Calcutta 1846–1850 (12 volumes). It is considered the oldest known Indian encyclopedia.
  • English Cyclopaedia, 1854–1862, 23 volumes (supplements 1869–1873)
  • New US Encyclopaedia. 1858–1863 and annual supplements until 1902
  • Chambers's Encyclopaedia, 1860–1868, 10 volumes (no relation to Chambers's Cyclopaedia of 1728)
  • US Encyclopaedia. 1873-1876
  • New Universal Encyclopaedia. 1875-1877
  • David Blair: Cyclopaedia of Australasia . Melbourne 1881 (1 vol.). It is the oldest Australian encyclopedia.
  • International Encyclopaedia. 1884-1898
  • Johnson's Universal Encyclopaedia. 1893-1895
  • Oracle Encyclopædia, 1895, 5 volumes
  • Pears Shilling Cyclopaedia, 1897, 1 volume
  • Nuttall Encyclopaedia, 1900
  • New International Encyclopedia, 1902-1914
  • Harmsworth's Encyclopaedia. 1905 (in the United States udT Nelson's Encyclopaedia )
  • Nelson's perpetual looseleaf encyclopaedia. Nelson, New York 1909-. First attempt to publish an encyclopedia in the form of a loose-leaf collection .
  • Everyman Encyclopaedia. c. 1910
  • The Children's Encyclopedia. 1911
  • Funk & Wagnalls Standard Encyclopedia, 1912
  • World Book Encyclopedia. 1917, 8 volumes
  • Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia, 1st edition 1924, 10 volumes
  • Columbia Encyclopedia , 1st edition 1935, 1 volume
  • The Encyclopedia of Canada . Toronto 1935–1937 (6 volumes). The work is considered the first Canadian encyclopedia.
  • Collier's Encyclopedia , 1st edition 1950–51, 20 volumes
  • Encyclopedia International. 1963
  • The Free Dictionary Encyclopedia

Finnish (Suomi)

  • Tietosanakirja , Helsinki 1908–1919, 10 volumes; 1 supplementary volume 1922

French (Français)

Overview on chass.utoronto.ca

Greek (Ελληνικά)

Neoteron Enkyklopaidikon Lexikon Heliou
  • Photios : libraries . 9th century. Earliest Byzantine work to be considered an encyclopedia.
  • Suda , 10th century, 30,000 entries
  • The megale hellenike enkyklopaideia was published between 1927 and 1934, a few years after the founding of the republic (1924), in Athens with a total of 24 volumes. It is the first major modern encyclopedia in Greek.
  • Neoteron Enkyklopaidikon Lexikon Heliou was published between 1945 and 1960 in 18 volumes in Athens. The work is written in simplified Katharevoussa, but partly antiquing.

Hebrew (עברית)

Italian (Italiano)

Japanese (日本語)

  • Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712, 81 volumes

Catalan (Català)

  • Enciclopèdia Catalana (Publisher: Enciclopèdia Catalana SA, Barcelona)
    • Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana, Primera Edició (first edition), 1969–1980 (vol. 1–15), 2005 (vol. 16–21; 6 supplementary volumes) Direcció (director) Jordi Carbonell i de Ballester (1965–1971); Joan Carreras i Martí (from 1971), ISBN 84-300-5511-8 (complete works)
    • Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana, Segona Edició (second edition, various reprints), 1986–1993, Direcció (direction) Joan Carreras i Martí (from 1986), 24 volumes, 1 supplement and 1 atlas, ISBN 84-85194-81-0 (complete works )

Korean

Croatian (Hrvatski)

See also under Serbo-Croatian

Latin (Latina)

Latvian (Latviešu)

  • The Konversacijas vardnica was published in Riga between 1892 and 1898 [?] With 27 deliveries; the work is considered the first Latvian encyclopedia, but remained unfinished (up to the key word "Kristjans").

Lithuanian (Lietuvių)

Macedonian (Македонски)

Norwegian (Norsk)

  • Johan Christian Johnsen (* July 23, 1815, † February 2, 1898 [?]) Published the Norsk haandlexikon for almennyttige kundskaber (German: 'Norwegian Handlexicon for general knowledge') in three volumes in Kristiania between 1879 and 1888 ; the work is considered to be the first Norwegian encyclopedia.

Dutch (Nederlands)

  • Winkler Prins
The Dutch minister and writer Anthony Winkler Prins ( 1817 - 1908 ) published interlocutory 1870 and 1882 in Amsterdam, the Dutch United lexicon Winkler Prins Geïllustreerde Encyclopaedie . The work comprised 16 volumes and is based on Brockhaus material. It is the first important Dutch encyclopedia; it has since been redesigned and is still published today.
  • The Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië was published in The Hague around 1895 and 1905 in four volumes; it is probably the first Indonesian encyclopedia.
  • Oosthoek's Encyclopedia
A similar work was Oosthoek's Geïllustreerde Encyclopaedie (Utrecht, 1916-25, later with the title Oosthoeks Encyclopedie ) in 12 vols. including addendum and based on Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . The last, 7th edition appeared under the title De Grote Oosthoek (Utrecht, 1976-81) in 20 volumes. with an atlas and a supplementary volume.
  • Grote Nederlandse Larousse Encyclopedie
Both of these works are surpassed in detail and completeness by the Grote Nederlandse Larousse Encyclopedie ('s-Gravenhage, 1971–79) in 25 vols. with atlas and 2 additional volumes. (1980-83). It is an adaptation of the French lexicon Grand Larousse encyclopédique and also includes a dictionary and a complete medical encyclopedia.
  • Great Spectrum Encyclopedia
The richly illustrated Grote Spectrum Encyclopedie in 20 volumes and 4 index volumes contains many original items . and a supplementary volume (Utrecht, 1974-80, supplement 1984). In large, closed articles, the work gives a rounded picture of every area of ​​material; Particular attention is paid to the social sciences.

Polish (Polski)

  • Samuel Orgelbrand (Ed.): Encyklopedia Powszechna (also: Encyklopedja powszechna ; German: "Allgemeine Enzyklopädie"). Warsaw 1859–1868 (28 volumes). Reprint 1884, reprint 1877–1879 in 12 volumes. The Encyklopedia Powszechna is the first significant encyclopedia in the Polish language.
  • Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, 1962–1970, 13 volumes
  • Wielka encyklopedia PWN, 2001–2005, 30 volumes
  • Larousse, encyklopedia powszechna, 2002, 2 volumes
  • Słownik prawniczy polsko-niemiecki

Portuguese (Português)

  • Manuel Pinheiro Chagas (1842–1895): Diccionário popular, histórico, geográphico, mythológico, biográphico, artístico, bibliográphico e litterario . Lisbon 1876–1890 (17 vols.). The work is considered to be the oldest significant Portuguese encyclopedia.

Romanian (Română)

  • Enciclopedia română, publicată din însărcinarea şi sub auspiciile Asociaţiunii pentru literatura română şi culturea poporului român ('Romanian Encyclopedia, published on behalf of and under the auspices of the Society for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian'). Sibiu (Hermannstadt) 1898–1904 (3 volumes). The work is considered the first Romanian encyclopedia.
  • Enciclopedia României ("Encyclopedia of Romania"), Bucharest 1938–1943 (4 volumes)
  • Enciclopedia "Cugetarea" (Lexicon "Cugetarea"). 1940 (2 volumes)
  • Dicţionar enciclopedic . Bucureşti: Editura Enciclopedică 1993ff. ISBN 973-45-0046-5

Russian (Русский)

During the communist era, the encyclopedia was used as a political weapon. For example, if a known person disappeared, a new entry was sent to all encyclopedia participants to overwrite the entry. Whoever disappeared was effectively erased from general memory.

Swedish (Svenska)

  • Carl Christoffer Gjörwell: Encyclopedie, eller Fransyskt och Swenskt real-och nominal-lexicon: including Svenks encyclopedie, innefattande alla vetenskaper och konster . 1777-1778. The work is the first Swedish attempt at an encyclopedia, but never got beyond the initial stage. (up to part 1, section 1,2).
  • Nordisk familjebok . The 1st edition 1876–1899 (20 volumes) is still a conversation lexicon . Since the 2nd edition 1904–1926 (38 vol.) It has been a universal encyclopedia
  • Svensk uppslagsbok , 1st edition 1929–1937, 30 volumes
  • Åhlén & Söners Uppslagsbok, 1931–1933
  • Lilla uppslagsboken, 2 editions 1957–1967
  • Combi Visuell, 1968–1970
  • Data, 2 editions 1970, 1980
  • (Stora) Focus, several editions 1959–1972, 1987–1990
  • Bra Böckers Lexikon , 1973–1995
  • Swedish National Encyclopedia ( Nationalencyklopedin ), 1989–1996, 20 volumes
  • Lexicon 2000, since 1995

Serbo-Croatian (Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски)

  • Stanoje Stanojević: Narodna enciklopedija srpsko-hrvatsko-slovenačka (German: "National Serbian-Croatian-Slovenian Encyclopedia"). Zagreb 1925-1929. The work is considered the first Yugoslav encyclopedia.
    • Edition in Cyrillic script (4 vols.)
    • Edition in Latin script (5 vols.)
  • Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , 1st edition, 8 volumes 1955–1971, 2nd edition from 1980 (canceled after 6 of 12 planned volumes in 1990)

Slovak (slovenčina)

Slovenian (slovenščina)

See also Serbo-Croatian.

  • Slovene-language version of the 2nd edition of Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , from 1983 (unfinished, canceled after 4 volumes in 1990, up to letter Hrv )
  • Enciklopedija Slovenije , 1987–2002, 16 volumes

Spanish (Español)

  • Francisco de Paula Mellado (?): Enciclopedia moderna. Madrid 1851–1855 (34 vols., Supplements 1864, 1865). It is the first major encyclopedia in Spanish.
  • Diccionario Enciclopédico Hispano-Americano de Literatura, Ciencias y Artes . 1887-1889 (29 vols.). It is one of the major encyclopedic works in the Spanish language of the 19th century.
  • Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana , 1934–2004, 90 volumes

Czech (čeština)

(only multi-volume encyclopedias are mentioned)

Turkish (Türkçe)

  • Hayat Ansiklopedisi . Istanbul 1932-. It is the first Turkish encyclopedia.

Ukrainian (Українська)

  • Enzyklopedia Ukrainosnavstva (Encyclopedia of the Ukraine essence) in 13 vols. Ed .: V. Kubijovyč u. a. - Paris: Shevcheko Society, 1949–1984. (Vol. 1-3: 1949-1952, Vol. 4-13: 1955-1984). Reprinted in Ukraine in 1991.
  • Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia ( Ukrajinska Radjanska Enzyklopedija ). Kiev 1959-1965 (17 volumes).
  • Encyclopedia of Ukraine . in 5 volumes (Editor-in-Chief: V.Kubijovyč / DHStruk). Univ. of Toronto Press: Toronto-Buffalo-London, 1984-1993. ISBN 0-8020-3997-9 (etc.) - Abbreviated English version of the encyclopedia Ukrainosnavstva .
  • Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ( Enzyklopedija sutschasnoji Ukrajiny (ESU) ) in 17 vols.

Hungarian (Magyar)

  • Apáczai Csere János: Magyar Encyclopaedia, azaz minden igaz és hasznos bölcsességnek szép rendbe foglalása és magyar nyelven világra bocsátása (short: Magyar Encyclopaedia; German: "Hungarian language, useful encyclopedia, and German:" Hungarian language, useful in all the world cleverly"). Joannis a Waesberge, Utrecht 1655 (title page: 1653). It comprises a volume of around 370 pages and is the first encyclopedia in the Hungarian language. See also: Apaczai
  • Uj magyar lexikon, 7 volumes 1959–1962
  • Hungarian-language version of the 2nd edition of the Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , from 1985 (unfinished, canceled in 1990)
  • Magyar Nagylexikon, 19 volumes 1993-2004

See also

literature

  • Robert Collison: Encyclopaedias. Their history throughout the ages. A bibliographical guide with extensive historical notes to the general encyclopaedias issued throughout the world from 350 BC to the present day . Hafner, New York a . a. 1964. 2nd ed. 1966.
  • Martin Peche ( arrangement ): Bibliotheca lexicorum: annotated directory of the Otmar Seemann collection; a bibliography of encyclopedic literature from the beginnings to the present day, with special consideration of the works printed in the German-speaking area from 1500 onwards . Antiquariat Inlibris, Vienna 2001.
  • Gert A. Zischka: Index lexicorum: Bibliography of the lexical reference works . Hollinek, Vienna 1959.

Web links

Wikisource: Digitized German-language universal encyclopedias  - sources and full texts