Rohr (Middle Franconia)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Rohr
Rohr (Middle Franconia)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality of Rohr highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 21 '  N , 10 ° 53'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Middle Franconia
County : Roth
Height : 350 m above sea level NHN
Area : 46.49 km 2
Residents: 3755 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 81 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 91189
Area code : 09876
License plate : RH, HIP
Community key : 09 5 76 142
Community structure: 16 parts of the community
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Alte Gasse 1
91189 pipe
Website : www.rohr-mfr.de
Mayor : Felix Fröhlich ( SPD )
Location of the municipality of Rohr in the district of Roth
Nürnberg Landkreis Nürnberger Land Landkreis Fürth Schwabach Landkreis Ansbach Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Soos Abenberger Wald Dechenwald Heidenberg Forst Kleinschwarzenlohe Büchenbach Georgensgmünd Kammerstein Schwanstetten Rednitzhembach Rohr (Mittelfranken) Rohr (Mittelfranken) Roth Thalmässing Wendelstein (Mittelfranken) Spalt Röttenbach (Landkreis Roth) Hilpoltstein Heideck Greding Allersberg Abenbergmap
About this picture

Rohr is a municipality in the Central Franconian district of Roth .

geography

location

The Schwabach runs through the municipality in a west-east direction along its entire length. It belongs to the water catchment area of ​​the Rednitz and takes in several small tributaries in the community. In the north, the Zwieselbach flows past the Zwieselhof through Hengdorf and Nemsdorf and with its tributary, the Regelsbach, through the district of Regelsbach. The river valleys and the hills rising to 449 meters characterize the community landscape.

geology

Rohr lies on the southern edge of the Central Franconian Basin. Within this basin landscape, Rohr lies on the Bibert-Schwabach-Rezat-Platte, which rises clearly above the basin in which Nuremberg and Fürth are located.

Neighboring communities

The community borders in the north on Roßtal in the district of Fürth , in the northeast on Stein (also in the district of Fürth) and Nuremberg , in the east on Schwabach , in the south on Kammerstein and in the west on Heilsbronn and Windsbach in the district of Ansbach .

Community structure

The municipality has 16 officially named municipality parts (the type of settlement is indicated in brackets ):

The lower mill is no longer an officially named part of the municipality.

history

Until the church is planted

Traces of settlement in the area of ​​the municipality go back to the Middle Stone Age . The people of that time were, however, hunters and gatherers without a permanent residence.

Until the 15th century, only a few documents have survived from the area around Rohr, so that historical events from this time are not known. In some cases, however, precise information about the origins of the districts can be found in documents and wills .

In the Middle Ages, Rohr was the main town of the Emmeramer Kloster Mark, a boundary description from the 8th century. The first verifiable historical record of the area around Rohr can be found as the "Mark of St. Emmeram" around the year 800 in a record by Abbot Richolt of the St. Emmeram monastery in Regensburg . The first more precisely datable mention comes from the years 1166 and 1168. Bishop Otto from Eichstätt consecrated a new church in Rohr ("in Rore"). The place name Rohr is derived from the pipe, traced back to the reed vegetation on the banks of the Schwabach. It is likely that a settlement existed on the northern side of the stream before Rohr was founded. The old name of the settlement "Am Sande" is not known. Noble landlords (de Rore) are recorded between 1265 and 1412.

Only during the Margrave Wars (1449 and 1552) are more precise evidence of the municipality around Rohr available again. Many rural properties have been looted and destroyed. In 1632 almost all of the community's citizens fled to Nuremberg because of the looting in connection with the battle of the Alte Veste . There, the plague took away a large part of the refugees. Just seven years later, the biggest catastrophe in the history of the municipality occurred in the village of Rohr. On March 14, 1639, a large part of Rohr burned down when a resident tried to burn the weeds in her garden. Reports indicate that at least eighty houses, the church, taverns, the rectory and the school (sacristan's house) fell victim to the fire. Because of the Thirty Years War, the village was not rebuilt for at least ten years and threatened to deteriorate. Only after the arrival of religious refugees from Austria and Upper Palatinate could the villages and the church be rebuilt.

In the 18th century, community politics was largely shaped by the disputes of the numerous landlords who shared the corridors of the community. Towards the end of the Holy Roman Empire (late 18th century) there were 52 properties in Rohr. The high court south of the Schwabach exercised the Brandenburg-Ansbach Oberamt Schwabach and north of the Schwabach the judge's office in Roßtal . The village and township government had the box office Schwabach held. Were landlords

In addition to the property, there was also the parish church, the rectory and communal buildings (shepherd's house, school).

Like the Principality of Ansbach, Rohr was administered by Prussia from 1792 onwards . After several centuries under margravial rule, the municipality of Rohr fell to the Schwabach district administration in 1797, when the Prussian administrators introduced a new administrative order. This also ended the division of the municipality. Since the dissolution of the administrative system in 1806, Rohr has belonged to the Kingdom of Bavaria .

As part of the municipal edict, the Rohr tax district was established in 1808 . The first section included the places Christenmühle and Weiler. The places Dechendorf, Gaulnhofen, Leuzdorf and Prünst belonged to the II. Section. In 1818 the rural community Rohr was formed, which was congruent with the tax district section I. In administration and jurisdiction, it was subordinate to the Schwabach Regional Court and in the financial administration to the Schwabach Rent Office ( renamed Schwabach Tax Office in 1920 ). From 1862, Rohr was administered by the Schwabach district office (renamed the Schwabach district in 1938 ). The jurisdiction remained with the district court Schwabach until 1879 and from 1880 it came to the district court Schwabach . In 1961 the municipality had an area of ​​11.396 km².

Incorporations

The former Regelsbach districts of Bertelsdorf and Eckershof were incorporated into Stein on January 1, 1967 . On May 1, 1978, the municipalities of Gustenfelden, Prünst and Regelsbach were incorporated into Rohr as part of the municipal reform.

Population development

Little is known about the population in the years before 1500. It can be assumed that the villages were predominantly individual farms or hamlets. After the Thirty Years' War, exiles from Austria settled in the municipality, which enabled the losses from the war to be compensated quickly. It is certain that the main town of Rohr already consisted of more than 30 properties in the 15th century.

Rohr municipality

year 1818 1840 1852 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1961 1970 1987 2007 2011 2016
Residents 467 501 635 662 622 627 622 616 630 594 599 591 582 577 586 621 646 633 888 904 727 796 2809 3423 3542 3653
Houses 71 86 99 101 106 107 124 129 739 1147
source

District of Rohr with Lower Mill

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987
Residents 407 431 586 * 552 541 527 547 789 660 733 901
Houses 60 76 88 94 95 112 117 239
source
* including Christian mill

politics

Municipal council

The Rohr municipal council consists of 16 members:

(As of: local elections on March 16, 2014)

mayor

  1. Felix Fröhlich SPD since May 2014
  2. Klaus Popp FW
  3. Harald Hummel CSU

badges and flags

The Rohr municipality has had a coat of arms since 1982.

Coat of arms from Rohr
 Blazon : " Square of red and black, covered with two diagonally crossed golden cattails , covered in the middle by a silver bar ."

Red-white-red municipal flag

Founding of the coat of arms: A local nobility named de Ror or Rorer has been documented for Rohr since 1285 . The coat of arms of this family shows a shield crossed in red and black, which is covered with a silver bar. This family coat of arms forms the basic figure of the new municipal coat of arms. The cattails were also included in the coat of arms as a "talking" image . The colors silver and black are a reminder of the once strong manorial dependence on the margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach in the communities of Rohr and Prünst.

Others

Rohr has been part of the municipal alliance KABS , founded in 2007 , to which the political communities Kammerstein, Abenberg, Büchenbach and Spalt belong.

Culture and sights

theatre

Amateur theater groups of the municipality of Rohr:

  • Theater group Rohr e. V. (since 1979)
  • Regelsbach theater group

Architectural monuments

St. Emmeram Church

  • Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. Emmeram in the Rohr district from 1493
In 1192, Bishop Otto von Eichstätt consecrated a stone church in Rohr, which replaced an earlier wooden structure. After the village fire of 1639, the church was only rebuilt (makeshift) within a few months in 1650 after the war. The funds needed came from the remaining residents of the community and the surrounding municipalities. The tower and bell house were only rebuilt in 1655. The Rohr church received new bells on January 19, 1667. When they rang for the first time on January 23, Rohr had been without a church for almost 28 years. The shape of the church has remained unchanged.
While the nave of the church was built in the Baroque style, the choir and tower are Gothic . It can be assumed that the nave fell victim to the fire, but the choir was spared. The church of St. Johannes Baptist in Eibach was used as a template for the tower .
The interior is dominated by a large gallery on the east and north-east side, which was built in 1697. Around this time the interior was adapted to the style of the time. The pulpit was created in 1696, and the high altar was added in 1715, designed by the court sculptor Fischer in Ansbach and the painter Johann Roßbach.
The last major renovation took place in 1912 when the level of the nave was raised. The organ dates from 1989 and is based on the Rococo prospectus from 1749.
The church stands on a headland protruding into the Schwabach Valley and has shaped the townscape of Rohr for centuries.
  • Evangelical church and rectory in Regelsbach
The rectory was built in 1737. It contains rooms with stucco ceilings and the coat of arms of the Nuremberg patrician Ebner family.
The fortified church of St. George was built in 1295; her nave dates from the 15th century. The rich rococo stucco was added in 1757. Next to the church is the 15th century cemetery fortification with a four meter high wall and a seven meter high gate tower.
  • Evangelical Church in Gustenfelden
The Church of St. Bartholomew was built in 1487. Structural changes date from 1692 and 1869 (new nave). The sacrament house (1487) still exists from the late Gothic furnishings. Like the altar from the 18th century, it was later painted over in 1913. The altarpiece was created by Friedrich Kaulbach in 1869.
  • Fortified church in Kottensdorf
The fortified church in Kottensdorf was built around 1400. The outer facade shows the coat of arms of the Margrave of Brandenburg and the year 1738. On the altar, which was made in 1521, there is a depiction of the birth of Christ by Johannes Heidelberger from Nuremberg. A wooden figure of St. Nicholas and a self-group of three come from the same period.
  • Numerous half-timbered houses from the 17th and 18th centuries, the Christian mill west of Rohr and the Stubensandsteinhöhle near Wildenbergen are also among the sights of the community.

Sports

  • 9-hole golf course in Nemsdorf
  • Gymnastics and Sports Club Rohr e. V.
  • Tennis Club Regelsbach e. V.
  • Modellflugclub Rohr e. V.
  • Sportschützengesellschaft Rohr e. V.
  • SV Großweismannsdorf-Regelsbach e. V.

Regular events

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The community is predominantly rural. Numerous farmers have their acreage in the municipality. The cultivation of tobacco in particular still plays an important role. A high regional awareness, the apple growing around Gustenfelden. The apples are available in farm shops and at the market in Schwabach. Probably the best-known product from the Rohr community is the Rohrer cookbook Wos gout is und schmeckt , which is published by the Rohr community. The collection of handwritten recipes by women from the region has been sold over 130,000 times to countries around the world since it was first published in 1988.

traffic

education

  • Primary school in Regelsbach
  • Adult Education Center Rohr
  • Evangelical kindergarten in Rohr

  • The Christian mill near Rohr

  • St. Emmeram church tower and rectory

  • Rectory in Rohr

  • St. Emmeram

  • Half-timbered house

literature

Web links

Commons : pipe  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: pipe . In: Georg Muck: History of Heilsbronn Monastery , Volume 2  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Municipality of Rohr in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on September 23, 2019.
  3. ↑ W.-A. v. Reitzenstein, p. 192.
  4. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 419f.
  5. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 483f.
  6. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 826 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 732 .
  8. ↑ a b Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 2016 as residential buildings.
  9. ↑ a b Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 77 ( digitized version ). For the municipality of Rohr plus the residents and buildings of Christenmühle (p. 16) and Weiler (p. 101).
  10. ^ A b Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 239 ( digitized version ). Rohr: 415 inhabitants, 74 houses; Lower mill: 16 E., 2 H.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality directory: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 184 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
  12. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1088 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  13. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1254 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ). Rohr: 544 inhabitants; Lower grinder: 8 E.
  14. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1189 ( digitized version ). Rohr: 534 inhabitants, 87 residential buildings; Lower mill: 7 E., 1 Wgb.
  15. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1261-62 ( digitized version ). Rohr: 519 inhabitants, 93 residential buildings; Lower mill: 8 E., 1 Wgb.
  16. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1299 ( digitized version ).
  17. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1127 ( digitized version ).
  18. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 180 ( digitized version ).
  19. ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 348 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ a b c Rohr (Middle Franconia): Official statistics of the LfStat
  21. ^ Entry on the coat of arms of Rohr (Middle Franconia)  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
  22. ↑ pipe. In: Kommunalflaggen.eu. Retrieved June 6, 2020 .
  23. ^ Municipal alliance KABS