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Template:Infobox MLB retired Mark David McGwire (born October 1, 1963 in Pomona, California) is a former professional baseball player who played the majority of his Major League career with the Oakland Athletics before finishing his career with the St. Louis Cardinals.

For his career, McGwire averaged a home run once every 10.61 at bats, the lowest at bats per home run ratio in baseball history (Babe Ruth is second at 11.76). In 1987, he broke the single-season home run record for rookies, with 49. In 1998, McGwire broke the single-season home run record by hitting 70. His achievement has since been thought to be a result of illegal steroid use. His mark was surpassed by Barry Bonds who hit 73 in 2001.

Biography

Oakland Athletics career

McGwire began his major league career with the Oakland A's in 1986, and he played there until late in the 1997 season. With teammate José Canseco, he was one half of "The Bash Brothers." Their offensive output helped to propel Oakland to three consecutive American League Championships from 1988-1990. McGwire and the A's won the 1989 World Series. Early in his career, a stretch of hitting bases-empty home runs earned McGwire the derisive nickname "Marco Solo."

McGwire worked hard on his defense at first base and resisted being seen as a one-dimensional player. He was regarded as a good fielder in his early years, even winning a Gold Glove in 1990. In later years his mobility was reduced, and his defense declined as a result.

McGwire's total of 363 home runs with the Athletics is that franchise's record. He was selected or voted to nine American League All-Star Teams while playing for the A's, including six consecutive appearances from 1987 through 1992.

1987–1991

In his first full Major League season in 1987, he hit 49 home runs, a single-season record for a rookie; he was named the American League Rookie of the Year. McGwire hit 32, 33, and 39 homers the next three seasons, the first Major Leaguer to hit 30+ home runs in each of his first 4 full seasons. On July 3 and 4, 1988, McGwire hit game-winning home runs in the 16th inning of each game. But Mark McGwire's most famous home run with the A's was likely his game-winning solo shot in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 3 of the 1988 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers and former A's closer Jay Howell. McGwire's game-winner brought the A's their only victory in the 1988 World Series, which they lost in five games. However, Big Mac and his fellow Bash Brother José Canseco did play a large part in the 1989 World Champion A's team that defeated the San Francisco Giants in the famous "Earthquake Series."

McGwire's batting average, .289 as a rookie, plummeted over the next three seasons to .260, .231, and .235, respectively. In 1991, he bottomed out with a .201 average and 22 homers. Manager Tony LaRussa sat him out the last game of the season so his average could not dip below .200. Despite the declining batting averages during this time of his career, his high bases on balls totals allowed him to maintain acceptable on-base percentages. In fact, when he hit .201, his adjusted OPS (OPS+) was 103, or just over league average.

McGwire stated in an interview with Sports Illustrated that 1991 was the "worst year" of his life, with his on-field performance and marriage difficulties, and that he "didn't lift a weight" that entire season. With all that behind him, McGwire re-dedicated himself to working out harder than ever and received visual therapy from a sports vision specialist.

1992–1997

He changed his clean-cut look and grew a mullet, a mustache, and a goatee to look more fearsome. The "new look" McGwire hit 42 homers and batted .268 in 1992, with an outstanding OPS+ of 175 (the highest of his career to that point), and put on a home run hitting show at the Home Run Derby during the 1992 All-Star break. His performance propelled the A's to the American League West Division title in 1992, their fourth in five seasons. The A's lost in the playoffs to the eventual World Series champion, the Toronto Blue Jays. Mark smashed a game winning homer in the 9th inning to win the game. But running the bases, hurt his foot.

Foot injuries limited McGwire to a total of 74 games in 1993 and 1994, and just 9 home runs in each of the two seasons. He played just 104 games in 1995, but his proportional totals were much improved: 39 home runs in 317 at-bats. In 1996, McGwire belted a major league leading 52 homers in 423 at-bats. He also hit a career high .312 average, and led the league in both slugging percentage and on base percentage.

St. Louis Cardinals and the HR record chase

In 1997, he hit a major league-leading 58 home runs for the season, but did not lead either league in homers, as he was traded from the Oakland Athletics to the St. Louis Cardinals on July 31, when he had hit 34 homers for the A's. It was widely believed that McGwire, in the last year of his contract, would play for the Cardinals only for the remainder of the season, then seek a long-term deal, possibly in Southern California, where he still lives. However, McGwire signed a contract to stay in St. Louis instead. (It is also believed that McGwire encouraged Jim Edmonds, another Southern California resident, who was traded to St. Louis, to sign a contract with the Cardinals.) There was much media speculation as to where Maris' record would be broken in 1998, and a debate as to who would break it, Ken Griffey, Jr. or McGwire.

As the 1998 season progressed, it became clear that McGwire, Griffey, and Chicago Cubs outfielder Sammy Sosa were all on track to break Roger Maris' single-season home run record. The race to break the record first became a media spectacle as the lead swung back and forth. On August 19, Sosa hit his 48th home run to move ahead of McGwire. However, later that day McGwire hit his 48th and 49th home runs to regain the lead. Griffey had injury problems and dropped out of the competition, leaving Sosa and McGwire to battle it out to #62.

On September 8, 1998 at 8:18 p.m. et, McGwire hit a pitch by the Chicago Cubs' Steve Trachsel over the left field wall for his record-breaking 62nd home run, setting off huge celebrations at Busch Stadium. The fact that the game was against the Cubs meant that Sosa was able to congratulate McGwire personally on his achievement. Members of Roger Maris' family were also present at the game. Memorably, the ball was freely given to him in a ceremony on the field by the stadium worker who found it.

McGwire finished the 1998 season with 70 home runs, four ahead of Sosa's 66, a record that was broken three seasons later by Barry Bonds. Since Babe Ruth had hit 60 home runs in 154 games during 1927, and Roger Maris hit 61 in 161 games in 1961 (not breaking the record until after the 154 game mark), some had quibbled whether the single-season record was actually broken. With McGwire breaking the record in his team's 145th game, he laid to rest the issue of the extended season.

Although McGwire had the prestige of the home run record, Sammy Sosa (who had fewer HR but more RBI and stolen bases) would win the 1998 NL MVP award, as his contributions helped propel the Cubs to the playoffs (the Cardinals in 1998 finished third in the NL Central). Many credited the Sosa-McGwire home run chase in 1998 with "saving baseball," by both bringing in new, younger fans and bringing back old fans soured by the 1994 Major League Baseball strike.

See also: 1998 St. Louis Cardinals season

1999–2001

In 1999, McGwire hit 65 home runs and drove in a league-leading 147 runs while only having 145 hits, the highest RBI-per-hit tally in baseball history. Sammy Sosa again was right on his tail, hitting 63 home runs.

In 2000 and 2001, McGwire had reduced numbers as he played in a reduced amount of games (32-HR in 89 games, and 29-HR in 97 games, respectively).

McGwire ended his career with 583 home runs, which was then fifth-most in history. He led Major League Baseball in home runs five times. He hit 50 or more home runs four seasons in a row (1996-1999), leading Major League Baseball in homers all four seasons, and also shared the MLB lead in home runs in 1987, his rookie year, when he set the Major League record for home runs by a rookie with 49. McGwire had the fewest career triples-- 6-- of any player with 5,000 or more at-bats.

Honors

In 1999, the The Sporting News released a list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players. The list had been compiled during the 1998 season and included statistics through the 1997 season. McGwire was ranked at Number 91. That year, he was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. In 2005, The Sporting News published an update of their list and McGwire had been moved up to Number 84.

However, in the 2007 and 2008 balloting for the Baseball Hall of Fame, McGwire failed to attain election, receiving 128 of the 545 cast, 23.5% of the vote. He received the same exact amount of votes both years. It is widely conceded that this was related to the steroid scandal and McGwire's less than forthcoming testimony (see below).

A portion of interstate 70 in St. Louis and near Busch Stadium was named "Mark McGwire Highway" to honor his 70 home run achievement, along with his various good works for the city.

Steroids controversy

Although McGwire has never admitted to or been convicted of any steroid use, many of his accomplishments, particularly his historic home run surge late in his career, have come into question due to his connection to the steroid scandal in Major League Baseball. Despite being under a cloud of suspicion for years, McGwire has repeatedly refused to discuss his involvement, or lack thereof, with steroids and performance-enhancing drugs. McGwire was not identified by name in The Mitchell Report, but he has been accused by former teammate Jose Canseco, who said he personally injected McGwire with steroids.

In 1998, after an article written by Associated Press writer Steve Wilstein, McGwire admitted to taking steroid-precursor androstenedione, an over-the-counter muscle enhancement product. Rumors surfaced later that McGwire admitted to the use of androstenedione to throw off the scent of the steroids he was allegedly using. While legal at the time under U.S. law and for use in MLB, it had already been banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, the NFL and the IOC.

In 2005, McGwire and Canseco were subpoenaed to testify at a congressional hearing on steroids, along with five other baseball players and four baseball executives. Canseco had released Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant 'Roids, Smash Hits & How Baseball Got Big, a book in which he spoke positively about steroids, and made various claims—among them, that McGwire had been using performance enhancing drugs since the 1980s. During his testimony on March 17, 2005, McGwire declined to answer questions under oath when he appeared before the House Government Reform Committee.

In a tearful opening statement McGwire said,

Asking me or any other player to answer questions about who took steroids in front of television cameras will not solve the problem. If a player answers 'No,' he simply will not be believed; if he answers 'Yes,' he risks public scorn and endless government investigations.... My lawyers have advised me that I cannot answer these questions without jeopardizing my friends, my family, and myself. I will say, however, that it remains a fact in this country that a man, any man, should be regarded as innocent unless proven guilty."

When asked if he was asserting his Fifth Amendment right not to incriminate himself, McGwire once again responded:

I'm not here to talk about the past. I'm here to be positive about this subject.

While no legal action has been taken against McGwire, in baseball or out of it, his testimony cost him public affection and support. In 1999, McGwire was voted to the All-Century Team, and upon his retirement in 2001, he was uniformly characterized as "a future Hall of Famer." However, when his Cooperstown eligibility began in 2006–07, McGwire received less than a quarter of the vote. Several of these sportswriters indicated that they were casting a protest non-vote in McGwire's first year of eligibility, or that they wanted more time to consider the developing steroid story in baseball; some noted that McGwire's relatively low career batting average (.263) and the fact that he did not attain 2,000 hits during his career as deciding factors to abstain. Many others are vocal in stating that he does not deserve induction because he simply was not good enough and that as a first baseman, he is nothing but "Dave Kingman on steroids" . It is unclear where McGwire's true level of ballot support will end up leveling off.

Personal life

McGwire married Stephanie Slemer, a former pharmaceutical sales representative from the St. Louis area, in Las Vegas on April 20, 2002.

They reside in a gated community in Shady Canyon Irvine, California and together created the Mark McGwire Foundation for Children to support agencies that work with children who have been sexually and physically abused to help come to terms with a difficult childhood.

McGwire attended Damien High School in La Verne, California where he started playing baseball, golf, and basketball. He played college baseball at the University of Southern California under legendary coach Rod Dedeaux.

His brother Dan McGwire was a quarterback for the Seattle Seahawks and Miami Dolphins of the NFL in the early 1990s, and was a first round draft choice out of San Diego State University where he was teammates with Marshall Faulk.

McGwire currently avoids the media. He spends much of his free time playing golf.

McGwire appeared on an episode of the sitcom Mad About You, playing a ballplayer infatuated with Helen Hunt's character. Also he has appeared in an episode of The Simpsons playing himself.

Career totals

In 16 seasons, Mark McGwire accumulated these career stats:

• Games played 1874
• At bats 6187
• Runs 1167
• Hits 1626
• Doubles 252
• Triples 6
• Runs batted in 1414
• On base percentage .394

• Home runs 583
• Walks 1317
• Strikeouts 1596
• Stolen bases 12
• Caught stealing 8
• Batting average .263
• Slugging percentage .588

Home Run Records

McGwire’s Rookie Record 49

Home Run	Game	Date	Inning	Location	Opposing Pitcher	Team
1	4	04-10-1987	7th	Oakland	Donnie Moore	Angels
2	15	04-21-1987	4th	Oakland	Urbano Lugo	Angels
3	18	04-25-1987	3rd	Oakland	Scott Bankhead	Mariners
4	22	04-29-1987	2nd	Oakland	Ted Higuera	Brewers
5	24	05-01-1987	3rd	Oakland	Walt Terrell	Tigers
6	29	05-08-1987	4th	Detroit	Frank Tanana	Tigers
7	29	05-08-1987	8th	Detroit	Frank Tanana	Tigers
8	30	05-09-1987	6th	Detroit	Eric King	Tigers
9	31	05-10-1987	2nd	Detroit	Jack Morris	Tigers
10	31	05-10-1987	4th	Detroit	Jack Morris	Tigers
11	35	05-16-1987	1st	Oakland	Jimmy Key	Blue Jays
12	37	05-18-1987	7th	Oakland	Tim Stoddard	Yankees
13	38	05-19-1987	3rd	Oakland	Dennis Rasmussen	Yankees
14	39	05-20-1987	2nd	Oakland	Charles Hudson	Yankees
15	41	05-23-1987	2nd	Oakland	Mike Boddicker	Orioles
16	42	05-24-1987	2nd	Oakland	Jeff Ballard	Orioles
17	44	05-27-1987	4th	Toronto	Joe Johnson	Blue Jays
18	48	05-31-1987	2nd	New York	Tommy John	Yankees
19	48	05-31-1987	7th	New York	Tommy John	Yankees
20	59	06-13-1987	4th	Arlington Stadium	Ed Correa	Rangers
21	61	06-15-1987	4th	Kansas City	Charlie Liebrandt	Royals
22	66	06-21-1987	8th	Oakland	Jose Guzman	Rangers
23	72	06-27-1987	1st	Cleveland	Ken Schrom	Indians
24	72	06-27-1987	5th	Cleveland	Ed Vande Berg	Indians
25	72	06-27-1987	9th	Cleveland	Scott Bailes	Indians
26	73	06-28-1987	4th	Cleveland	Tom Candiotti	Indians
27	73	06-28-1987	7th	Cleveland	Tom Candiotti	Indians
28	75	06-30-1987	1st	Chicago	Scott Nielsen	White Sox
29	79	07-04-1987	5th	Boston	Bruce Hurst	Red Sox
30	80	07-05-1987	4th	Boston	Oil Can Boyd	Red Sox
31	83	07-08-1987	6th	Oakland	Jeff Robinson	Tigers
32	86	07-11-1987	2nd	Oakland	Bill Wegman	Brewers
33	86	07-11-1987	8th	Oakland	Dan Plesac	Brewers
34	89	07-17-1987	10th	Boston	Calvin Schiraldi	Red Sox
35	93	07-21-1987	10th	Detroit	Eric King	Tigers
36	94	07-22-1987	8th	Detroit	Mark Thurmond	Tigers
37	101	07-29-1987	4th	Oakland	Don Sutton	Angels
38	113	08-11-1987	7th	Seattle	Mike Moore	Mariners
39	115	08-14-1987	6th	Anaheim	Don Sutton	Angels
40	129	08-29-1987	10th	Toronto	Mark Eichhorn	Blue Jays
41	134	09-04-1987	5th	Baltimore	Mike Boddicker	Orioles
42	136	09-06-1987	2nd	Baltimore	Jon Habyan	Orioles
43	142	09-12-1987	2nd	Oakland	Charlie Liebrandt	Royals
44	145	09-15-1987	4th	Arlington Stadium	Greg Harris	Rangers
45	145	09-15-1987	6th	Arlington Stadium	Greg Harris	Rangers
46	148	09-19-1987	1st	Kansas City	Melido Perez	Royals
47	153	09-24-1987	9th	Oakland	Scott Bannister	White Sox
48	154	09-25-1987	9th	Oakland	Bobby Thigpen	White Sox
49	157	09-29-1987	1st	Oakland	John Farrell	Indians

McGwire’s 70

Number	Date	Pitcher	Length
1	03-31-1998	Ramon Martinez	364'
2	04-02-1998	Frank Lankford	368'
3	04-03-1998	Mark Langston	364'
4	04-04-1998	Don Wengert	419'
5	04-14-1998	Jeff Suppan	424'
6	04-14-1998	Jeff Suppan	347'
7	04-14-1998	Barry Manuel	462'
8	04-17-1998	Matt Whiteside	419'
9	04-21-1998	Trey Moore	437'
10	04-25-1998	Jerry Spradlin	419'
11	04-30-1998	Marc Pisciotta	371'
12	05-01-1998	Rod Beck	362'
13	05-08-1998	Rick Reed	358'
14	05-12-1998	Paul Wagner	527'
15	05-14-1998	Kevin Millwood	381'
16	05-16-1998	Liván Hernández	545'
17	05-18-1998	Jesus Sanchez	478'
18	05-19-1998	Tyler Green	440'
19	05-19-1998	Tyler Green	471'
20	05-19-1998	Wayne Gomes	451'
21	05-22-1998	Mark Gardner	425'
22	05-23-1998	Rich Rodriguez	366'
23	05-23-1998	John Johnstone	477'
24	05-24-1998	Robb Nen	397'
25	05-25-1998	John Thomson	433'
26	05-29-1998	Dan Miceli	388'
27	05-30-1998	Andy Ashby	423'
28	06-05-1998	Orel Hershiser	409'
29	06-08-1998	Jason Bere	356'
30	06-10-1998	Jim Parque	409'
31	06-12-1998	Andy Benes	438'
32	06-17-1998	Jose Lima	437'
33	06-18-1998	Shane Reynolds	449'
34	06-24-1998	Jaret Wright	433'
35	06-25-1998	Dave Burba	461'
36	06-27-1998	Mike Trombley	431'
37	06-30-1998	Glendon Rusch	472'
38	07-11-1998	Billy Wagner	485'
39	07-12-1998	Sean Bergman	405'
40	07-12-1998	Scott Elarton	415'
41	07-17-1998	Brian Bohanon	511'
42	07-17-1998	Antonio Osuna	425'
43	07-20-1998	Brian Boehringer	452'
44	07-26-1998	John Thomson	452'
45	07-28-1998	Mike Myers	408'
46	08-08-1998	Mark Clark	374'
47	08-11-1998	Bobby Jones	464'
48	08-19-1998	Matt Karchner	398'
49	08-19-1998	Terry Mulholland	409'
50	08-20-1998	Willie Blair	369'
51	08-20-1998	Rick Reed	393'
52	08-22-1998	Francisco Cordova	477'
53	08-23-1998	Ricardo Rincon	393'
54	08-26-1998	Justin Speier	509'
55	08-30-1998	Dennis Martinez	501'
56	09-01-1998	Liván Hernández	450'
57	09-01-1998	Donn Pall	472'
58	09-02-1998	Brian Edmondson	497'
59	09-02-1998	Rob Stanifer	458'
60	09-05-1998	Dennys Reyes	381'
61	09-07-1998	Mike Morgan	430'
62	09-08-1998	Steve Trachsel	341'
63	09-15-1998	Jason Christiansen	385'
64	09-18-1998	Rafael Roque	423'
65	09-20-1998	Scott Karl	423'
66	09-25-1998	Shayne Bennett	375'
67	09-26-1998	Dustin Hermanson	403'
68	09-26-1998	Kirk Bullinger	435'
69	09-27-1998	Mike Thurman	377'
70	09-27-1998	Carl Pavano	370'

See also

• List of Major League Baseball Home Run Records
• Top 500 home run hitters of all time
• 500 home run club
• MLB players who have hit 30 or more home runs before the All-Star break
• List of Major League Baseball players with 1000 runs
• List of Major League Baseball players with 1000 RBI
• List of Major League Baseball RBI champions
• List of Major League Baseball home run champions
• Major League Baseball hitters with three home runs in one game
• Major League Baseball titles leaders
• 1998 MLB Home Run Record Chase
• List of doping cases in sport

External links

• Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Jesse Barfield	American League Home Run Champion 1987	Succeeded by José Canseco
Preceded by José Canseco	American League Rookie of the Year 1987	Succeeded by Walt Weiss
Preceded by Cal Ripken, Jr.	Home Run Derby Champion 1992	Succeeded by Juan González
Preceded by Mo Vaughn	American League Player of the Month June 1996	Succeeded by Juan González
Preceded by Albert Belle	American League Home Run Champion 1996	Succeeded by Ken Griffey, Jr.
Preceded by Steve Finley	Two or more 3-home run games in a season 1998	Succeeded by Jeff Bagwell
Preceded by Mike Piazza Jeff Kent Jeromy Burnitz	National League Player of the Month September 1997; April & May 1998 September 1998 July 1999	Succeeded by Sammy Sosa Matt Williams Vladimir Guerrero
Preceded by Larry Walker	National League Home Run Champion 1998 – 1999	Succeeded by Sammy Sosa
Preceded by Roger Maris	Single season home run record holder 1998-2000	Succeeded by Barry Bonds
Preceded by Larry Walker	National League Slugging Percentage Champion 1998	Succeeded by Larry Walker
Preceded by Tiger Woods	Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year 1998	Succeeded by Tiger Woods
Preceded by Sammy Sosa	National League RBI Champion 1999	Succeeded by Todd Helton
Preceded by Tony Gwynn	Lou Gehrig Memorial Award 1999	Succeeded by Todd Stottlemyre

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