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{{Unreferenced|date=October 2007}}
{{Infobox Former Country
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name = ''Księstwo Cieszyńskie'' <small>([[Polish language|pl]])</small><br>''Těšínské knížectví'' <small>([[Czech language|cs]])</small><br>''Herzogtum Teschen'' <small>([[German language|de]])</small><br>''Ducatus Tessinensis'' <small>([[Latin language|la]])</small>
|native_name = ''Księstwo Cieszyńskie'' <small>([[Polish language|pl]])</small><br>''Těšínské knížectví'' <small>([[Czech language|cs]])</small><br>''Herzogtum Teschen'' <small>([[German language|de]])</small><br>''Ducatus Tessinensis'' <small>([[Latin language|la]])</small>
Line 19: Line 18:
|event2 = [[Habsburg]] rule
|event2 = [[Habsburg]] rule
|date_event2 = [[1653]]
|date_event2 = [[1653]]
|event_end = [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of St-Germain]]
|event_end = [[Spa Conference]]
|date_end = [[10 September]], [[1919]]
|date_end = [[28 July]], [[1920]]
|p1 = Kingdom of Poland (1025–1138)
|p1 = Kingdom of Poland (1025–1138)
|image_p1 = [[Image:PB Piast2 CoA.png|20px|Piast coat of arms]]
|image_p1 = [[Image:PB Piast2 CoA.png|20px|Piast coat of arms]]
Line 41: Line 40:
The duchy shared the history of [[Cieszyn Silesia]], and also in part Silesia in general; after the [[History of Poland (966–1385)|feudal division of Poland]] it was split off in 1281 and ruled by [[Silesia]]n dukes from the [[Piast dynasty]] since [[1290]]. Duchy of Teschen (Cieszyn) was also composed of smaller Duchies at various points of time, such as [[Duchy of Oświęcim]] (Auschwitz), [[Duchy of Zator]]; Duchy of Oświęcim was split from Duchy of Teschen around 1315 (Duchy of Zator in turn split from Duchy of Oświęcim in 1454).
The duchy shared the history of [[Cieszyn Silesia]], and also in part Silesia in general; after the [[History of Poland (966–1385)|feudal division of Poland]] it was split off in 1281 and ruled by [[Silesia]]n dukes from the [[Piast dynasty]] since [[1290]]. Duchy of Teschen (Cieszyn) was also composed of smaller Duchies at various points of time, such as [[Duchy of Oświęcim]] (Auschwitz), [[Duchy of Zator]]; Duchy of Oświęcim was split from Duchy of Teschen around 1315 (Duchy of Zator in turn split from Duchy of Oświęcim in 1454).


In [[1327]] [[Kazimierz I of Cieszyn|Kazimierz I]], Duke of Cieszyn (Teschen), made a [[homage (medieval)|homage]] to the Bohemian king [[John of Luxembourg]]. Since then, Duchy became an autonomic [[fiefdom]] of the Bohemian crown. The Piast's rule continued to 1653 to death of the last Piast descendant, [[Elżbieta Lukrecja of Cieszyn|Elżbieta Lukrecja]], duchess of Teschen.
In [[1327]] [[Kazimierz I of Cieszyn|Kazimierz I]], Duke of Cieszyn, made a [[homage (medieval)|homage]] to the Bohemian king [[John of Luxembourg]]. Since then, Duchy became an autonomic [[fiefdom]] of the Bohemian crown. The Piast's rule continued to 1653 to death of the last Piast descendant, [[Elżbieta Lukrecja of Cieszyn|Elżbieta Lukrecja]], duchess of Cieszyn.


Since 1653 it was ruled by the [[Habsburg dynasty]]. In the early 18th century, it was given to [[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine]], as compensation of his maternal grandmother's rights to the north-Italian [[Montferrat|Duchy of Montferrat]] which the emperor had taken and given to the Dukes of Savoy as part of their pacts of alliance. Emperor [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]] later granted it to his eldest surviving daughter, [[Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria|Maria Christina]], who married [[Prince Albert of Saxony]], who thus became known colloquially as the Duke of Saxe-Teschen. Although most of Silesia passed to the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1742 during the [[First Silesian War]], Cieszyn remained under Austrian control as part of [[Austrian Silesia]]. Albert and Maria Christina's marriage remained childless, and upon the death of the widowed Albert, Duchy passed to their adopted son, [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles of Austria]], who became Duke of Teschen and started the [[Habsburg-Lorraine]] branch of Dukes of Teschen. It passed down his line and was inherited by his eldest son, [[Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen|Albert Friedrich]]. At his death in [[1895]], it passed into the hands of his nephew, the [[Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen|Friedrich Maria]].
Since 1653 it was ruled by the [[Habsburg dynasty]]. In the early 18th century, it was given to [[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine]], as compensation of his maternal grandmother's rights to the north-Italian [[Montferrat|Duchy of Montferrat]] which the emperor had taken and given to the Dukes of Savoy as part of their pacts of alliance. Emperor [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]] later granted it to his eldest surviving daughter, [[Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria|Maria Christina]], who married [[Prince Albert of Saxony]], who thus became known colloquially as the Duke of Saxe-Teschen. Although most of Silesia passed to the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1742 during the [[First Silesian War]], Cieszyn remained under Austrian control as part of [[Austrian Silesia]]. Albert and Maria Christina's marriage remained childless, and upon the death of the widowed Albert, Duchy passed to their adopted son, [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles of Austria]], who became Duke of Teschen and started the [[Habsburg-Lorraine]] branch of Dukes of Teschen. It passed down his line and was inherited by his eldest son, [[Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen|Albert Friedrich]]. At his death in [[1895]], it passed into the hands of his nephew, the [[Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen|Friedrich Maria]].


The Duchy of Teschen became part of the [[Austrian Empire]] in 1804 and [[Austria-Hungary]] in 1867. At the end of [[World War I]], local Polish and Czech self-governments were established and the duchy was divided between the [[Second Polish Republic]] and [[Czechoslovakia]]. Dispute over the territory led to the armed conflict between those two states in [[1919]] and to the division of the whole territory in [[1920]].
The Duchy of Teschen became part of the [[Austrian Empire]] in 1804 and [[Austria-Hungary]] in 1867. At the end of [[World War I]], local Polish and Czech self-governments were established and the duchy was divided between [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] and [[Czechoslovakia]] by the decision of [[Spa Conference]] in July [[1920]].


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
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* 1290–1314 [[Mieszko I of Cieszyn|Mieszko I]]
* 1290–1314 [[Mieszko I of Cieszyn|Mieszko I]]
* 1316–1358 [[Kazimierz I of Cieszyn|Kazimierz I]]
* 1316–1358 [[Kazimierz I of Cieszyn|Kazimierz I]]
* 1358–1409 [[Przemko I of Cieszyn|Przemko I Noszak]]
* 1358–1409 [[Przemysław I of Cieszyn|Przemysław I Noszak]]
* 1410–1431 [[Bolesław I of Cieszyn|Bolesław I]]
* 1410–1431 [[Bolesław I of Cieszyn|Bolesław I]]
* 1431–1440 [[Wacław I of Cieszyn|Wacław I]], [[Bolesław II of Cieszyn|Bolesław II]], [[Władysław of Cieszyn|Władysław]], and [[Przemko II of Cieszyn|Przemko II]]
* 1431–1440 [[Wacław I of Cieszyn|Wacław I]], [[Bolesław II of Cieszyn|Bolesław II]], [[Władysław of Cieszyn|Władysław]], and [[Przemysław II of Cieszyn|Przemysław II]]
* 1440–1447 [[Wacław I of Cieszyn|Wacław I]] and [[Bolesław II of Cieszyn|Bolesław II]]
* 1440–1447 [[Wacław I of Cieszyn|Wacław I]] and [[Bolesław II of Cieszyn|Bolesław II]]
* 1447–1452 [[Bolesław II of Cieszyn|Bolesław II]]
* 1447–1452 [[Bolesław II of Cieszyn|Bolesław II]]
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* 1895-1918 [[Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen|Friedrich]]
* 1895-1918 [[Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen|Friedrich]]


== References ==
⚫
{{Cieszyn}}
* {{cite book
| last = Biermann
| first = Gottlieb
| authorlink=
| coauthors =
| title = Geschichte des Herzogthums Teschen
| publisher = Verlag und Hofbuchhandlung Karl Prochaska
| date = 1894
| location = Teschen
| pages =
| url = http://www.kc-cieszyn.pl/biblioteka/strony/ramka.php?autor=biermann&licz=1
| doi =
| id = }}

* {{cite book
| last = Panic
| first = Idzi
| authorlink=
| coauthors =
| title = Poczet Piastów i Piastówien cieszyńskich
| publisher = Urząd Miejski
| date = 2002
| location = Cieszyn
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id = ISBN 83-917095-4-X }}

⚫
{{Cieszyn Silesia}}


[[Category:Austrian historical regions]]
[[Category:Austrian historical regions]]

Revision as of 15:29, 16 January 2008

Duchy of Teschen
Księstwo Cieszyńskie (pl)
Těšínské knížectví (cs)
Herzogtum Teschen (de)
Ducatus Tessinensis (la)
1281–1918
Coat of arms of Cieszyn (Teschen) Piast dynasty and the Duchy under their rule
Polish map of the Duchy of Teschen (Cieszyn), 20th century.
Polish map of the Duchy of Teschen (Cieszyn), 20th century.
StatusState of the Holy Roman Empire
Kronland of Austria
CapitalTeschen
Common languagesLatin (officially)
German (later)
Polish (popularly)
Czech
Religion
Protestantism
Roman Catholicism
GovernmentPrincipality
History 
1281 1281
• Bohemian rule
1327
• Habsburg rule
1653
28 July, 1920 1918
Population
• 1910
434,000
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Piast coat of arms Kingdom of Poland (1025–1138)
Second Polish Republic
Czechoslovakia

The Duchy of Teschen or Duchy of Cieszyn (Czech: Těšínské knížectví; German: Herzogtum Teschen; Latin: Ducatus Tessinensis; Polish: Księstwo Cieszyńskie), was an independent duchy centered on Teschen (Cieszyn) in Upper Silesia, one of Duchies of Silesia.

The duchy shared the history of Cieszyn Silesia, and also in part Silesia in general; after the feudal division of Poland it was split off in 1281 and ruled by Silesian dukes from the Piast dynasty since 1290. Duchy of Teschen (Cieszyn) was also composed of smaller Duchies at various points of time, such as Duchy of Oświęcim (Auschwitz), Duchy of Zator; Duchy of Oświęcim was split from Duchy of Teschen around 1315 (Duchy of Zator in turn split from Duchy of Oświęcim in 1454).

In 1327 Kazimierz I, Duke of Cieszyn, made a homage to the Bohemian king John of Luxembourg. Since then, Duchy became an autonomic fiefdom of the Bohemian crown. The Piast's rule continued to 1653 to death of the last Piast descendant, Elżbieta Lukrecja, duchess of Cieszyn.

Since 1653 it was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty. In the early 18th century, it was given to Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, as compensation of his maternal grandmother's rights to the north-Italian Duchy of Montferrat which the emperor had taken and given to the Dukes of Savoy as part of their pacts of alliance. Emperor Francis I later granted it to his eldest surviving daughter, Maria Christina, who married Prince Albert of Saxony, who thus became known colloquially as the Duke of Saxe-Teschen. Although most of Silesia passed to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1742 during the First Silesian War, Cieszyn remained under Austrian control as part of Austrian Silesia. Albert and Maria Christina's marriage remained childless, and upon the death of the widowed Albert, Duchy passed to their adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, who became Duke of Teschen and started the Habsburg-Lorraine branch of Dukes of Teschen. It passed down his line and was inherited by his eldest son, Albert Friedrich. At his death in 1895, it passed into the hands of his nephew, the Friedrich Maria.

The Duchy of Teschen became part of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and Austria-Hungary in 1867. At the end of World War I, local Polish and Czech self-governments were established and the duchy was divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia by the decision of Spa Conference in July 1920.

Demographics

According to the Austro-Hungarian census taken in 1910, the duchy had 434,000 inhabitants, among them 234,000 (53.9%) Polish-speaking, 116,000 (26.7%) Czech-speaking, 77,000 (17.7%) German-speaking, and 7,000 (1.6%) others.

Dukes of Teschen (Cieszyn)

Piast dynasty

Habsburg dynasty

References

  • Biermann, Gottlieb (1894). Geschichte des Herzogthums Teschen. Teschen: Verlag und Hofbuchhandlung Karl Prochaska. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Panic, Idzi (2002). Poczet Piastów i Piastówien cieszyńskich. Cieszyn: Urząd Miejski. ISBN 83-917095-4-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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