Peasant dance

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Farmer's dance at a farmhouse in Steinbeck

The peasant dance is a baroque half-timbered ornament , which is characterized by two superimposed figures: a St. Andrew's cross and a diamond . This pattern was mainly used on the front of a house facing the path or street. Apparently this ornament first appeared in southern Germany. It is striking that it is still common today in southern Germany and in small towns in Alsace . The peasant dance can also be found here and there in northern Germany. But a numerical or relative distribution of the decoration can no longer be made today because most of the old farmhouses in northern Germany have meanwhile been torn down or rebuilt.

Regional peasant dance is also Türkenkreuz , Bordesholmer Cross , or simply the geometry of diamond cross called.

Hamburg

New dig

Farm building in Hamburg Neugraben with a double farmer's dance

In Neugraben (Hamburg) there is a farm building (as it was in 1973) at Francoper Str. 63 with a double farmer's dance in the middle (Stubbens Hus). The scaffolding of the house goes back to the middle of the 18th century, in 1910 the economic section was extended.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Klausdorf

No further information is available, apart from a single mention.

Menzendorf

Another farmhouse is added from Karl Baumgarten's book "Kleine Mecklenburgische Bauernhaus-Fibel": In Menzendorf near Schönberg (near Wismar or near Lübeck) northeast of Schlagsdorf and Schlagbrügge there is a farmhouse (approx. 1800) with a farm dance.

Petersberg

In the book "Landscape and Farmhouse in Mecklenburg" by Karl Baumgarten and Angelika Heim, the peasant dance is mentioned several times:

In Petersberg there is a farmhouse (rear gable, detail) on page 80/81 Figure 98 in the Grevesmühlen district (inscription Wilms & 30.06.1798). The decoration is only once next to each other. Petersberg is also located near Lübeck.

Again in Thandorf a Büdnerei (display gable, detail) on page 89 Figure 114 in the district of Gadebusch approx. 1800. Büdnerei is a term for small farmers. The decoration is 3 times next to each other.

On the theoretical pages of the book it is said that the peasant dance is a: a display gable (end of the 18th century) or b: wooden entanglements in the gable trapeze of the north-west Mecklenburg farmhouse (page 26/27 Figure 25). Otherwise this form of ornament is nowhere to be found in the rest of Mecklenburg. There are obviously cultural relationships with the North Elbingian region, as the farmer's dance is a more common diamond shape in Schleswig-Holstein. The well-known doctor Rudolf Virchow gave this ornament the name peasant dance. Sometimes there is 1 cross over the door, sometimes there is 3. The peasant dance is said to have also occurred in central German landscapes (in the slightly rounded shape), e.g. B. in Bad Windsheim, FLM Kommern, Hessenpark or Sobernheim.

Schlagresdorf

In the village there is still a relatively well-preserved farmhouse with the beautiful "Ratzeburg gable". Above the “Grot Dör” at the entrance to the long hallway, you can see a half-timbered ornament, the “peasant dance”.

Thandorf

Stoffersches farmhouse

In Thandorf in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania there was also a farmhouse with a peasant dance. The year of construction is not known.

"The most beautiful farmhouse in the Gadebusch area is the Stoffersche Haus, " writes Horst Stutz in a description of the region's architectural and art monuments. “This hall house on the Rütterhof in the center of the village of Thandorf has been falling into disrepair in recent years and is currently being completely gutted. The stable buildings next to it were demolished and the stones were shredded into recycling material. The architect couple Ulla Hardt and André Nagtegaal from Blüssen had the hall house with the wonderfully preserved Ratzeburg gable and the “peasant dance” converted into a historical courtyard by the Kreihnhorst company. Semi-detached houses with 111 square meters of living space are already being marketed. "

The Landesheimatverband Mecklenburg-Vorpommern lists the farmhouse as follows: “Built in the second half of the 17th century and expanded twice in the 18th century, the 'Stoffersche Haus' in Thandorf, in the Northwest Mecklenburg district, was uninhabited for years and threatened with decay. After months of refurbishment and renovation, it was rebuilt in its old beauty in October 1999.

The Ratzeburg farmhouse is adorned with one of the most lavishly designed gables in Mecklenburg: over the Grötdor the triple peasant dance, to the left of it in the brick framework as ornaments a mill and two lozenges; On both sides of the Grotdör, the so-called 'lightning bands' can be seen in the framework as beam struts. "

The Stoffersche house is called Hof Nr. VIII (Rütterhofes or Stoffers place). The barn of yard No. VIII also had a peasant dance. There was also farm No. V (Böttcher) with only one farmer's dance. Also another courtyard with a peasant dance (called oak wood).

Overall, it can be said that the Thandorf still has a lot of old farmhouses. Unfortunately, many were about to deteriorate, some of them restored.

Thandorf is close to Lübeck, Dassow, Schlagsdorf, Groß Schlagbrügge and Ratzeburg.

Wilmsdorf

In 1791 a barn with a peasant dance was built in Wilmsdorf near Lübeck in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

“This barn was owned by the Ehlers family, as evidenced by the inscription on the lintel beam of Groot Dör. She stood on the Friesenholm at the Hemmelsdorf lake. The barn is a three-post construction with a passage offset from the center. In the former prince-bishopric of Lübeck, decorative forms in the gable in brick and beam were common. Here the partially recessed bricks are trimmed with shell limestone. The brick figures reveal "panicles", "windmills" and "thunder brooms", the half-timbered association the "wild man" and the "peasant dance". These motifs are pagan and Christian symbols. "

Schleswig-Holstein

Forsthaus Waldhusen (renovated in 2013)

Further buildings are located in: Gudow , Ritzerau , Scharnhagen , Warnsdorf (Ratekau)

Lower Saxony

Duderstadt

Half-timbered house with peasant dance normal and rounded; Hinterstraße 35 (house no. 296), built in 1725. For other houses, see the list of architectural monuments in Duderstadt .

Hildesheim

  • Kesslerstrasse, cathedral provost's office

Steinbeck and Tötensen

Steinbeck: Farmhouse with a triple farmer's dance

In Steinbeck near Hamburg there is a preserved courtyard with a farmhouse, which has a peasant dance.

In 1771, the carpenter Hans Christoph Knupper from Marmstorf in Tötensen built a house with a farmer's dance and a drempel-like elevation, the Grotdör wall. The farmhouse was burned and then demolished.

At the end of the 18th century, Hans Michael Knupper (a brother of the aforementioned), born in Marmstorf (located southwest of Hamburg at the time, now incorporated into Hamburg), married into the long-established Tamke family in Steinbeck and in 1779 also built a house with a farmer's dance and helped them the jumble-like elevation of the Grotdör wall. The farmhouse is still preserved.

Later the farmers Minkens and Reeps also built a farmhouse with a farmer's dance.

Wilhelm Marquardt suspected that the carpenter Christoph Knupper also built the house in Steinbeck and, due to his training and trips to learn the carpenter's trade, brought the form of ornament with him from the "south". Perhaps, due to the craftsmanship, links to other places with the same half-timbering can be found in old farmhouses.

Bremen

  • Hermann-Böse-Strasse 29, House Caesar at the Kaiser-Friedrich-Monument

Saxony-Anhalt

Quedlinburg: Breite Strasse 35

A large number of buildings with a peasant dance or diamond cross are in Quedlinburg and Wernigerode.

Thuringia

Town hall in Treffurt

Further buildings can be found in: Neubrunn

Saxony

Hesse

North Rhine-Westphalia

  • Freudenberg : Half-timbered house (see Bundesbahnmagazin 12/2019, page 10/11)

Rhineland-Palatinate

Montabaur: rear vine 3
  • Alzey-Worms : half-timbered house
  • Beilstein : Former Heilig Geist Spital, Gasthaus Winzerschänke
  • Boppard : Kreuzweg 1, Niederstadtstraße 7; see also the list of cultural monuments in Boppard
  • Bremm : At the Storchenhaus 1
  • Cochem on the Moselle: at a half-timbered house the peasant dance (left and right the peasant dance, in the middle a different ornament); the station
  • Ediger : half-timbered house, Moselweinstrasse; Half-timbered house "Alte Weinstuben" in Ediger-Eller on the Moselle
  • Enkirch : half-timbered house
  • Earth : Hauptstrasse 30–32
  • Gau-Odernheim : half-timbered house at the corner of Mainzer Strasse
  • Geinsheim : Gäustraße 77
  • Heimsheim : half-timbered house
  • Katzenelnbogen : Römerberg 2
  • Montabaur : Hinterer Rebstock 3, Kirchstrasse 10, Kirchstrasse 50–52, Vorderer Rebstock 33
  • Münster-Sarmsheim : half-timbered house
  • Münstermaifeld : half-timbered house
  • Nassau : City Hall
  • Mainz : Half-timbered house on the Kirschgarten, Augustinerstraße
  • Rhens : half-timbered town hall
  • Rhens : half-timbered house, Hochstrasse 20
  • Rhens : half-timbered house, Langstrasse 1
  • Rissbach : Half-timbered house in Korngasse 1A
  • Speyer : half-timbered house at Maximilianstrasse 56, half-timbered house at Nikolausgasse 4, half-timbered house at Rheintorstrasse 4, half-timbered house at Stuhlbrudergasse 6

Bavaria

Königsberg: Marienstraße 26

In the southern Bamberg area there are often peasant dance-like decorations in smaller villages, e.g. B. in:

Further buildings can be found in: Forchheim

Baden-Württemberg

Waiblingen: Old Town Hall

Occurrence in the Stuttgart region:

Other buildings can be found in: Bad Wimpfen , Bad Urach , Esslingen , Flein , Gemmrigheim , Gengenbach , Lahr Meißenheim , Markgröningen , Nürtingen , Mosbach , Nürtingen, Schiltach , Schorndorf , Schwäbisch Hall , Waiblingen , Wolfach

Occurrence in the Lake Constance region: Bad Waldsee , Bermatingen , Mengen

Occurrence in East Prussia

  • East Prussia - Warmia and Masuria: important sights in East Prussia, e.g. B. Heilige Linde Monastery (Warmian porch)

Other places with peasant dance (Switzerland, Alsace / France)

  • Basel: Suburban café near Basel's Spalentor
  • Bouxwiller
  • Colmar: Quai de la Poissonnerie in Alsace (the fishmonger's quay); at the Lauchbrücke in the Little Venice district; several times in Colmar
  • Freudenberg in Siegerland
  • Haut-Barr / Burg Haut-Barr in Alsace
  • Muhrbach-Buhl in Alsace
  • Dirty: Place de la Fontaine / Hostellerie de la Poste in Alsace
  • Obernai: Place du Marché
  • Osthouse: Gasthof Hellmanns im Ried, 18th century, in Osthouse, Rue du Chateau
  • Riquewihr in Alsace
  • Ribeauvillé in Alsace
  • Rixheim: Grand Rue 42, Le Clos du Murier, approx. 400 years old (built approx. 1601)
  • Saint-Hippolyte, Route du Vin, "Au rouge de Saint-Hippolyte"
  • Stein am Rhein in Switzerland
  • Strasbourg: 3 peasant dance side by side or one row on top of the other; Place du Marché-aux-Cochons-de-Lait
  • Turckheim: Hotel des Deux Clefs (16th century)

In a French book about half-timbered houses and farmhouses in Strasbourg and Alsace, the peasant dance is referred to as St. André, hence the St. Andrew's cross. It is said to have existed since the beginning of the 18th century. Reference is also made to the special form with the raised jamb. Particular reference is made to the similarity between the Alsatian farmhouses with a peasant dance and a Thuringian farmhouse. Unfortunately no location was given.

Egerland

Egerland half-timbered house with a generous farmer's dance

Egerland half-timbered house

gallery

  • Peasant dance detail (Neualbenreuth)

  • Continuous peasant dance at several houses (Quedlinburg)

  • Peasant dance in combination with other decorations (Königsberg)

  • Peasant dance to accentuate the old town hall (Rhens)

literature

  • Wilhelm Marquardt: A chronicle of the four rose garden villages on the old Dethweg of the Harburg district - Leversen, Sieversen, Westerhof, Tötensen. 1984, DNB 850383870 .
  • Wilhelm Marquardt: Chronicle of the four forest villages Am Kiekeberg in the district of Harburg - Alvesen, Ehestorf, Sottorf, Vahrendorf. Christians, Hamburg 1980, DNB 820291692 .
  • Wilhelm Marquardt: Chronicle III of the villages in the community Rosengarten: Eckel and Klecken. Christians, Hamburg 1988, DNB 880946415 . (Note, this is a detailed description of various villages including an almost complete sorting of the farms or families in the individual villages in a larger area southwest of Hamburg)
  • Lennart Hellberg, Heike Albrecht, Heiko Grunert: Harburg and surroundings. Christians Verlag, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7672-1337-0 .
  • Karl Baumgarten, Angelika Heim: Landscape and Farmhouse in Mecklenburg. 2nd Edition. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00051-2 .
  • Karl Baumgarten: Small Mecklenburg Farmhouse Primer. Mecklenburg. Folklore center for d. Three northern districts, Rostock 1983.
  • Tilo Rumann: Four family coats of arms and inscriptions on the house at Hinterstrasse 73 in Duderstadt. In: Journal for Low German Family Studies. Issue 1/2010, ISSN  0945-7461 .
  • Lauenburg homeland. Old episodes, 1925–1940. ( online )

Web links

Commons : Bauerntanz (architecture)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rolf Aulepp, Ralf Trenkler: The historic Mühlhausen half-timbering . Central memorial "German Peasant War", 1986, p. 72 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ↑ Helmut Plambeck: When I grow up, I only eat Schilee wine! epubli, 2014, ISBN 978-3-7375-0071-5 , pp. 22–23 ( preview in Google Book Search).
  3. ↑ 4: Baroque ornamental beams. (PDF; 3.15 MB) Half-timbered tour Stolberg Harz. In: wandern-in-stolberg.de. 2015, p. 6 , accessed June 8, 2017 .
  4. ^ Lennart Hellberg, Heike Albrecht, Heiko Grunert: Harburg and surroundings . Christians-Verlag, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7672-1337-0 , p. 240 .
  5. ^ Karl Baumgarten, Angelika Heim: Landscape and Farmhouse in Mecklenburg. 2., through Edition. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00051-2 .
  6. ↑ Schlagresdorf. ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the Rehna community . Retrieved June 3, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rehna.de
  7. ↑ www.nwm-immobilien.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (dead)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nwm-immobilien.de  
  8. ↑ Information on the Stoffers house at the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania regional home association ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Short tour through the village - in the 90's. Website of the municipality of Thandorf . Retrieved June 3, 2017.
  10. ^ Barn from Wilmsdorf - 1791. Kieler Nachrichten ( Memento of March 13, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ a b Wilhelm Marquardt: Chronicle III of the villages in the community Rosengarten: Eckel and Klecken . Ed .: Municipality of Rosengarten. Hamburg 1988.
  12. ↑ D. Höhne: January: The Krellsche Schmiede, Wernigerode, Breite Straße 95. (No longer available online.) In: lda-lsa.de. State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt, January 2017, archived from the original on June 17, 2017 ; Retrieved on June 4, 2017 (Monument of the Month January 2017). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lda-lsa.de
  13. ^ Hostellerie Petit Dragon , accessed July 14, 2017