History of Boizenburg

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BoizenburgElbe-Wappen2.svg

The history of Boizenburg goes back to the 9th century. Boizenburg / Elbe is a town in the west of the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

Surname

The Boize - namesake of the city

The name of the city refers to a former castle on the Boize River . In old documents, this name was initially only used as a landscape designation.

The earliest mention of territorio boyceneburg can be found in a document from Heinrich the Lion from 1171, then in a document from 1223 the terra boyzenburc and finally in the Ratzeburg tithe register from 1230 the terra boyceneburch . In a confirmation from Count Gunzelin von Schwerin from 1255, a town with the name Boitzenborg was mentioned for the first time. This compound place name is of German origin.

However, the origin and meaning of the determining water body name Boize are unclear. A German-language attempt to explain it wants to derive it from Low German bõke or boic , i.e. beech. The name of the city then meant something like Buchenwaldburg .

In contrast, the slawischsprachliche explanation Boize indicated either as a flow of Bethenzer or fought flow , the latter derived from the Slavic word boj for combat.

Until the middle of the 19th century, the name was written with a t, meaning Boitzenburg.

The city has been called Boizenburg / Elbe since March 17, 1939.

City arms

City seal of May 21, 1326.

The Boizenburg coat of arms is blue and shows a golden castle with a wide open gate. The coat of arms is kept quite simple; it shows a battlemented castle wall and the castle tower flanked by the building wings.

One of the oldest known representations of the city's coat of arms dates back to 1326. Behind the wall in front of it with five battlements and the wide arched gate is a wide tower. The tower has three arched windows and a domed roof and is flanked by the four-windowed building wings. The three roofs are crowned by a button each. The seal bears the inscription: "✠ SIGILLUM: CIVITATIS · BOIZCENEBORG:".

In the Lübeck city archive there is also a city seal from 1351. The city coat of arms is similar to the aforementioned depiction from 1326. However, the tower has a rectangular window and the wing of the building has two windows each. The seal bears the inscription: "✠ SECRET CIVITAT · BOICENEBORG".

On April 10, 1858, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II had the shape of the Boizenburg coat of arms redefined. The city then received a copy of the coat of arms and an attached rescript . In the attached letter it says: “ His Royal Highness wishes that this copy be placed in the town hall in a suitable place and that, if the previously used coat of arms differs from it, it is taken into account when new city seals are made and otherwise as authoritative. ". The newly established coat of arms resembled the oldest known coat of arms.

The city coat of arms was confirmed again in September 1940 by Reich Governor Friedrich Hildebrandt .

Roman Imperial Era

The first traces of early settlement in the district of Schwartow could be dated to around 340 using dendrochronology . These are wooden box constructions in the ground that may have been part of a tannery .

middle Ages

City chronicle 800–1300

  • After the Elbe Germans had emigrated , Abodrites settled on the Boize in the 8th century . A long-distance route ran through this area from the Harz to the Baltic Sea region, which crossed the Elbe near Gothmann and then the Boize in today's urban area. In the prince's garden, a Slavic low castle with a moat, earth wall and wooden palisades was built in the 9th century to monitor the trade route . This simple fortification also served as a subordinate administrative center and trading center. Whether there was a settlement next to the castle wall in Slavic times has not yet been proven by excavation finds.
  • The last Slavic prince of the Abodritic branch of the Polabians , Pribislaw , lost control of Polabia and the area around Boizenburg after a defeat around 1139. Thereupon Heinrich the Lion gave Polabia in 1142 as hereditary fiefdom to Heinrich von Bathide . However, the Duke of Saxony kept to himself the economically and militarily important Elbe crossing at Gothmann, the castle on the Boize and the Boizenburg region. A customs office was set up in the castle, from which the salt trade between Lüneburg and the Baltic Sea region on the Boizenburg freight route was taxed. Duke Heinrich appointed Count Meinricus to administer the state of Boizenburg, who expanded the previously Slavic castle with a stone residential tower. For the servants , a settlement was built southeast of the castle, later Altendorf.
  • After the exile of the Duke of Saxony in 1181, the state of Boizenburg was initially under his liege, Bernhard I. In the same year he built the wooden fortification castrum wotmunde on the Bollenberg to secure the Elbe crossing near Gothman against incursions from the now hostile south . At the latest with the defeat of Bernhard in the battle of Boizenburg against his son in 1191, the state of Boizenburg lost its special administrative position and from then on belonged to the county of Ratzeburg .
  • In 1201, after the battle of Waschow, the county fell to the Danes, whose king Waldemar II also burned down the castrum wotmunde . Then he put Boizenburg to the county of Schwerin . When their counts defected and attacked an ally of the Danish king, Waldemar II sent an army under his governor Albrecht von Orlamünde , who in 1208 destroyed the castle and the rebuilt castrum wotmunde and devastated the land of Boizenburg. The Marienkirche was built during this time and a merchant colony was established between the church square and the Niederungsburg.
  • In 1241 this merchant colony was already self-administered. Heinrich von Zweedorf had a council chairman and other councilors, and on July 22, 1255, citizens of the city of Boizenburg, designated as "borgern to Boitzenborg", bought from Count Gunzelin III in the accompanying document . a Vorwerk on the Boize . Based on this evidence of the existence of an apparently legally competent citizenry , the city of Boizenburg celebrated its 750th anniversary in 2005. Officially, however, the merchant settlement was not granted Lübeck city charter until 1267. At that time, Jewish families were already living in the city.

City chronicle 1300–1600

One of the oldest half-timbered houses in the city, Klingbergstrasse 39.
  • In a document dated August 19, 1357, Duke Albrecht III. the obligations and duties of his castle men at Boizenburg: " custodia, inhabitacio et in seruiciis satisfacere que seruicia et onera ius castri feudale exigit et requirit" . The castle man was responsible for the protection and maintenance of the castle, for his services he received compensation, the so-called castle loan . The castle loan consisted of a few hooves in the area of ​​Boizenburg.
  • In the 14th century Boizenburg became more important for the Lüneburg Baltic trade in salt. In 1380 the city of Wismar had the Boizenburg city ​​wall , which was mentioned in 1323, expanded in order to better protect the city as a transhipment point. The city benefited significantly from the salt trade. Around 1412, for example, four Lübische Schillings had to be paid to the city for every load of salt .
  • In 1422 Duke Albrecht V determined who was allowed to exercise the shipping office in Boizenburg. With the privilege he had granted, the duke protected the Boizenburg boatmen against the Wendish boatmen by granting only native Germans the right to exercise the shipping office.
  • In 1492 the Jews living in Boizenburg were forcibly expelled as a result of the Sternberg host-molester trial .
  • From a letter dated August 14, 1529 it emerges that the sweaty addiction struck Boizenburg. The Boizenburg castle official Johannes Smeth's reported this to the Mecklenburg Duke Heinrich V. The castle bailiff Laurencii then fled the city.
  • In 1542, during a church visit, those commissioned to review the Evangelical Lutheran life of faith met an Evangelical preacher, but he had to preach in the churchyard under a linden tree. The Pope's supporters had forbidden him to preach in the house of God. At that time, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church was still there.
  • In April 1551, Heinrich Techen, the mayor of Boizenburg, received the order from Duke Heinrich V to woo Ursula von Sachsen-Lauenburg , a daughter of Magnus I von Sachsen-Lauenburg . Because of the advanced age of the Mecklenburg sovereign, there was some resistance to this connection. The wedding took place on May 24, 1551 in Schwerin.
  • In 1554 Duke Heinrich II of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel invaded Mecklenburg and occupied Boizenburg with his 13,000-strong troop. Only after a settlement between the Mecklenburg dukes and payment of 16,000 Reichstalers did he withdraw.
  • In 1581 Boizenburg was ravaged by the plague again . The magistrate then canceled the fair and informed the surrounding towns about it.

17th to 19th century

City chronicle 1600–1800

St. Mary's Church
Boizenburg town hall
Baroque pavilion , restored in 1980
  • On July 26 jul. / August 5, 1620 greg. it came to the conclusion of the "Peace to Boizenburg", which should put an end to " the unrest near Winsen and on the Elbe to Zollspiecker Gammerorts ". The negotiations were conducted by Foppe van Aitzema .
  • After the comparison by Fahrenhorst of July 22, 1621 between the Mecklenburg dukes Johann Albrecht II . and Adolf Friedrich I. the state of Mecklenburg was divided. Boizenburg was then placed under the Duchy of Güstrow, which was under the reign of Johann Albrecht II.
  • In 1627, during the Thirty Years' War , Boizenburg was the headquarters of the Danish King Christian IV and the camp of the troops under his command. In July there was a meeting at Boizenburg with the imperial troops, who were under the command of Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly . About the heavy fighting at the Boizenburger Schanze it is reported that the hill was besieged by the Catholic League troops with 10,000 men. It was also reported that the Scottish soldiers valiantly defended the hill against the enemy and inflicted losses of 500 men. Only at another section of the Elbe, which was defended by Protestant German allies, were Tilly's troops able to cross . As a result, the royal Danish headquarters in Boizenburg was surrounded by the enemy. It was decided to give up Boizenburg, then part of the gunpowder supply was thrown into the water, and another 40 tons of powder were detonated on the grounds of the churchyard of St. Mary's Church on the orders of the departing Danes. On August 9th, the city fell into the hands of the imperial troops. The Scottish Colonel Robert Monroe, of the MacKay Regiment, left a vivid account of the events with his notes.
  • Swedish troops occupied the city in the middle of 1631. For the city's population, however, it made no difference whether they were exposed to the brutal actions of the imperial troops or the arbitrariness of the Swedish troops.
  • In July 1644 the imperial general Matthias Gallas besieged the city with his troops. As a result, there was heavy fighting in the urban area. On July 28, 1644, Gallas had one of the Boizenburg fortifications, in which 60 Swedish soldiers and their commander Major Simonsson entrenched themselves, blown up. However, the preparation for the demolition brought the 200-man imperial troops numerous losses, as they first had to pierce the moat. This was the only way they could get to the castle tower to place the mines there. After the work of destruction had been completed, the imperial troops withdrew from Boizenburg on July 30th.
  • On the evening of January 2, 1674, a conflagration broke out in the city, killing seven houses and several grain barns.
  • In 1675 and 1676 the imperial troops under General Kopp moved into quarters in Boizenburg. The troops were part of the army of Emperor Leopold I, which was campaigning against Sweden . The city incurred costs of 22,000 Reichstaler .
  • In July 1680 Boizenburg was hit by a severe storm. The hailstorm destroyed numerous roofs and windows. The High Princely Commissarius charged with investigating the damage estimated the amount of damage at 8,000 Reichstaler.
  • The great city fire on the night of October 15-16, 1709 destroyed over 150 houses, thus almost the entire city. The church was also badly damaged, only the burned-out walls and the first floor of the tower remained. The fire was caused by the negligence of a Prussian postilion . The postillon wanted to feed horses in the stables at night, but he came too close to the straw with his open lantern and thus started a fire. After the fire, barns with a thatched roof were only allowed to be built outside the city. In addition, there were instructions that the roofs of the town houses should be provided with stone roofs. If they did not act, dragoons would forcibly remove the thatched roofs. The reconstruction was to take decades. In 1712 Boizenburg received a new town hall . The reconstruction of the Marienkirche began in 1717.
  • In 1720 the city center was again ravaged by fire. The post office and neighboring houses fell victim to the flames.
  • The city ​​wall was partially demolished in the course of the reconstruction and used as building material for the rebuilding of the city. Until then, this city ​​fortification had a Büttelturm , a powder tower and the fortified city ​​gates . The Powder Tower and the Büttelturm were used as city prisons, the latter also served as a residence for the executioner. Both city gates and towers survived the fire disaster of 1709 almost unscathed. The guarded market gate had two passages, while the mill gate had only one passage. However, there were two other entrances into the city. So the access via the Herrenbrücke (drawbridge) on the long wall and the access to the short wall Herrengarten. Both were locked that night by the city gatekeeper who lived in the Mühlentor. The goal scorers also lived in the immediate vicinity of the goals.
  • After the imperial execution against the Mecklenburg Duke Karl Leopold , the imperial army occupied parts of Mecklenburg in 1719, including Boizenburg. Some of the troops garrisoned in the city until 1768. Boizenburg was also the seat of the Hanoverian superintendent of the special mortgage over the pledged Mecklenburg offices from 1734 to 1763.
Marking of the place of execution in the market
  • Boizenburg had its own criminal jurisdiction in the 18th century . This consisted of the ducal court administrator, the actuary and the two assessors. The assessors were elected from the magistrate for a period of two years. Death sentences were carried out by beheading in the market square or by hanging on the gallows hill. In 1723 there were several executions on the market square. The delinquents, four men and one woman, had been convicted of numerous crimes attributed to them. On December 17, 1723, four beheadings were finally carried out in the Boizenburg market. The executions caused a stir across the country. The young pregnant woman who was convicted was spared, however, and was expelled from the state of Mecklenburg. The last death sentence was carried out by beheading a servant girl who had killed her newborn baby in 1729. For centuries, the place of execution in the market was marked by a granite stone with an imprint of a hand. The stone was lost at the beginning of the 20th century. Finally there was the pillory , in the form of a collar . The pillory was at the town hall below the bay window and at the mill gate. The neck irons were mainly used to punish alleged thieves, who mostly stole out of need.
  • In the period from 1758 to 1761, the troops of the Prussians tormented the Boizenburg population. Boizenburg was also obliged by the Prussian War Commissariat to pay large sums of money. During this time, numerous local men fled from the forced recruitment of the Prussian army .
  • In the middle of the 18th century, the grave places in the church yard at the St. Marien Church in Boizenburg were no longer sufficient. Therefore, the councilors decided to create a cemetery in front of the city. The cemetery was inaugurated in 1777. In 1788 the widow Sophie Elisabeth Regaß had a cemetery chapel built on the cemetery - at her husband's testamentary wish .
  • On August 30, 1788, the Subsidien Corps destined for the Netherlands, more than 1,000 men, took quarters in Boizenburg. The following day, the soldiers were embarked on six Elbe barges, which then left the Boizenburg harbor for Hamburg.
  • The city register shows for the year 1790 that the city had good equipment for fire fighting , which included three hand syringes, which were posted at the three city entrances, together with associated equipment.
  • In 1799 the Boizenburg Jews built a synagogue in Kleine Wallstrasse . The Jewish merchants, who had been present since the middle of the 18th century, were initially rejected by the Boizenburg city council, which feared disadvantages for local craftsmen and merchants.

City chronicle 1800–1900

Post office from 1887
Boizenburg / Elbe harbor around 1895.
State train station Boizenburg around 1900, seen from the loading street.
  • In the Wars of Liberation in 1813, the Boizenburger Landwehr fought alongside the Tettenborn Cossacks against the French and their occupation. Under the leadership of Friedrich Jakob Klepper, the Boizenburger Landwehr took part in the recapture of the city of Lüneburg on April 2, 1813, which was occupied by French troops at that time. The French general Joseph Morand was captured seriously injured in this battle and taken to Boizenburg, where he died on April 5 in the mayor's house. He was buried in the Boizenburg cemetery. The captured French and Saxon troops had to march from Lüneburg to Boizenburg, so the city became a large prison camp. Hospitals were also set up in the city , the largest of them in St. Mary's Church, as this was the only way to care for the numerous injured. The numerous prisoners remained in Boizenburg until they were transported to Berlin. From mid-May 1813, the Mecklenburg hunters and the Tettenborn Corps were in position near Boizenburg. On September 16, 1813, the French troops were finally driven out of the area in the battle near Boizenburg. In this battle Lützower Jäger and two Hanseatic cavalry squadrons fought against two French infantry battalions and the Polish Uhlans allied with them . On December 4, 1813, the Tettenborn Corps left its quarters in Boizenburg to fight the Danes in Holstein. During the Wars of Liberation, the Boizenburg population had to endure numerous billeting and marching through of troops, which not only caused high costs but also human suffering. The Mecklenburg hunters and other allies crossed the frozen Elbe near Boizenburg on February 5 and then marched on towards France. On July 9, 1814, the Mecklenburg brigade returning from France made its ceremonial entry into Boizenburg.
  • The Hamburg - Berliner Chaussee was built between 1827 and 1830 . The connection to the first art route of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was of great importance for Boizenburg.
  • In 1828 the customs border was moved from Hitzacker to Boizenburg. As a result, an official building was built for the Elbe customs office. With the establishment of the North German Confederation in 1867, this customs border ceased to exist. The building of the former Elbe customs office was sold two years later to the owner of the Lemmschen shipyard .
  • On September 2, 1832, cholera broke out in a house on Bollenberg where a gendarme and his family lived . 146 residents fell ill by October, 70 of whom died. The dead were always buried at night in a separate area of ​​the cemetery. The doctor Johann Carl Richter (1790–1866) tried to fight the epidemic, but mostly in vain. Because of his services, he was made the first honorary citizen of the city of Boizenburg.
  • In 1834 Boizenburg had 3,147 inhabitants, of which 43 were Jews . The city was the seat of the Elbe customs office, the Dominalamt and a gendarmerie brigade .
  • In 1839 the Lemmsche Werft began building its first paddle steamer , which was later named Alexandrine . In 1840 the 45 m long and 9.45 m wide paddle steamer was launched. The ship sailed regularly to Hamburg and back from June 20, 1841 to 1842. From 1842 to 1849 the passenger steamer Grand Duke Friedrich Franz of the Boizenburg Steamship Compagnie took over the route to Hamburg.
  • After the Jews' peddling trade was restricted in 1839 , they opened several open shops in the city selling goods they were allowed to, including feathers, wool, wax, flax , hemp , hops and tobacco. The Jewish traders resident at the time were also allowed to buy their goods outside the city.
  • On October 15, 1846, the 222-kilometer section of the Berlin-Boizenburg railway was put into operation . Boizenburg was the terminus until the line to Hamburg was completed. The passengers traveling to Hamburg therefore had to go to the Boizenburg harbor, from where they could continue their journey on the passenger steamer Grand Duke Friedrich Franz . The Boizenburg – Hamburg section went into operation on December 15th.
  • On February 11, 1847, Ratskellerwirt Friedrich Jacob Klepper and doctor Johann Carl Richter, both Freemasons, founded the "Dining establishment for the needy and the poor". In the first few weeks, over 200 meals were served daily. During this time, Friedrich Jacob Klepper also established the foundation for "temporarily oppressed citizens and residents of the city".
  • In 1858 the coat of arms of the city was established by Friedrich Franz II. Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
  • In 1864 what is now known as the castle was built on the Schloßberg. In 1906 the building was raised by another floor, giving it its current appearance.
  • On July 26, 1874, the war memorial 1870/71 was inaugurated on the Kreuzberg of the cemetery . The two meter high obelisk was made of sandstone and was originally painted white marbled to give the appearance of marble . The north side shows an iron cross and the names of the nine fallen. On the south side, however, there is a dedication corresponding to the zeitgeist. The obelisk rests on a four square meter sandstone slab that came from an abandoned grave.
  • In 1887 the imperial post office was opened, which was built in the style of the Wilhelminian era .
  • In 1889, the first German motorboat with a petroleum engine (Capitaine system) was built in Boizenburg, which was later named "Regina". The test drive that took place in the port on May 30th, 1889, aroused great interest among the population. The inventor Emil Capitaine only came to town in the spring of that year to test his petroleum engine in the shipyard. Shipyard owner Franz Heinrich Martin Lemm also developed an adjustable propeller, so the boat achieved greater maneuverability.
  • On the night of October 24, 1890, a train accident occurred near Boizenburg (Hamburg – Berlin route). Two freight trains traveling one behind the other collided and derailed, injuring two railway employees and destroying a guard's house.
  • In 1892, Boizenburg and the surrounding area were again ravaged by cholera ; Altendorf, Vorderhagen and Gothmann were particularly hard hit.

Recent history

City chronicle 1900–1945

Aerial view of Boizenburg 1920s
6th
4th
3
2
6th 4th 3 2 
A total of 15 seats

City council election April 1932

  • In 1903, the mill owner Ludwig Hinselmann had a generator house built on the Boize to generate electricity. First the street lights were included in the power supply; the city buildings and town houses followed, and in 1911 the state train station. In 1921 the city took over the power station.
  • In January 1903 Hans Duensing from Bremen founded the Boizenburger record factory. Duensing's college friend Max Bicheroux initially became an investor. With a workforce of 48, mainly glaze specialists and burners, the factory initially produced hard stone tableware. A year later, production was switched to stoneware wall tiles. With the establishment of the tile works, many Catholic workers moved to Boizenburg , mainly from Upper Silesia . From 1914 on, Catholic services were held twice a month under the direction of a Schwerin pastor, initially in the canteen of the tile works. The construction of the Catholic Church began in 1926, after its blessing it was used for church services from 1928 and was consecrated in 1930. In the same year the parish and nurses' house with the associated kindergarten was built. The sister house was settled from 1931 by the missionary sisters of the holy name of Mary of the Nice Monastery .
  • In 1905 the Boizenburg record factory was already producing 750,000 earthenware wall tiles.
  • On January 6, 1913, the rifle house built in 1693 burned down completely. Immediately after the burnout, the construction of a new rifle house began, and was completed in August 1913.
  • In the First World War , 144 inhabitants of the city died on the battlefields of Europe. In memory of the fallen, the Boizenburg parish donated the war memorial on the Kreuzberg of the cemetery in 1926.
  • In 1922 there was a strike in the Boizenburg record factory over the conclusion of the first collective agreement. In the same year the new Boizenburg hospital was inaugurated.
  • In 1926 the Catholic Holy Cross Church was built. The owner of the Boizenburg record factory, Hans Duensing, donated the associated building plot.
  • In 1924 only three Jewish families lived in Boizenburg. In the course of 1931 the Jewish textile merchant Franz Wolff gave up his business, which was located in today's town hall. The last Jewish family, the Cohn family from Baustraße 12, left Boizenburg due to persecution by the National Socialists and their racial policy in 1938. The synagogue, which was rebuilt in 1864, had already been sold to the Masonic Lodge in 1892 . After the ban on Masonic lodges and their expropriation, the former synagogue building was used as a local museum from 1935.
  • In 1928 the city had the city park laid out on the Schloßberg, the former location of the hilltop castle .
  • The lawyer Eduard Ludwig Alexander ( KPD ) was elected mayor in 1931. Eduard Alexander was never able to take office. Boizenburg council members prevented his assumption of office with emergency ordinances on the extension of the term of office of the council members. Eduard Alexander was arrested on August 22, 1944 and died in 1945 while being transported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp .
  • In July 1932, the mayor Joachim Friedrich Senst, who sympathized with the National Socialists, took over the official business. After the National Socialists came to power, he also joined the NSDAP. Mayor Senst was responsible for ensuring that the city administration was almost completely filled with new staff. In 1934 Senst took over the function of the NSDAP district culture warden in the Hagenow district.
  • In March 1935 the Reich Labor Service Department 7/63 " Hermann Billung " was formed in Boizenburg . The 90-man advance detachment, dispatched to Boizenburg at the beginning of March, set up a camp above the Schäferbrink, into which the compulsory workers later moved. Several barracks, a large assembly area and the memorial, which was marked by National Socialist symbols, were built on the site. The workers stationed in the city had to drain a moor north-west of Boizenburg in the following period. The RAD camp was later taken over by departments of the Reich Labor Service for Female Youth (RADwJ).
  • The Boizenburg Museum was opened on September 29, 1935 in the presence of the Reichstattshalter Friedrich Hildebrandt in the premises of the former synagogue . The teacher and local researcher Hans Vick took over the honorary management of the museum .
  • In 1942, the incumbent City Director, Markwardt, sent a personal letter to the youth welfare office in Hagenow to send a boy to the Sachsenberg sanatorium as part of the inhumane child euthanasia decree . The city director informed the responsible youth welfare office in Hagenow that the 13-year-old boy looked inhuman and therefore had to disappear. On June 5, 1942, the boy was admitted to the Sachsenberg sanatorium. Three months later, on September 3, 1942, the mother received the notice of death with the bogus cause of death (biliary catarrh). Shortly before the Sachsenberg trial , which began in August 1946 , the mother filed a criminal complaint against the former city director. The city official had fled Boizenburg after the end of the war.
  • Since 1933, the received shipyard Thomsen & Co . numerous armaments contracts. Conflicts between the NSDAP and shipyard director Gustav Adolf Mahr (1887–1938) led to fictitious accusations and his arrest by the Gestapo in 1938 ; he took his own life on the night of September 11th to 12th, 1938. During the Second World War , numerous forced laborers were used in the shipyard . For prisoners of war who worked in the shipyard, appropriate storage facilities were set up, such as the camp on the Elbberg and the storage facilities on Hamburger Strasse. Foreigners obligated to serve were also temporarily accommodated in the hall of the restaurant Mecklenburger Hof .
  • The Duensing-Bicheroux-Werke company, on the other hand, was active as the external command of the Dreibergen-Bützow prison . The predominantly political prisoners had to produce armaments for the aircraft manufacturer Dornier in the record factory . The plant also produced parts for the V 1 and V 2 as well as for the anti-aircraft target device 8-246.
  • From September 1944 to April 1945, the Boizenburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp was set up in place of the Elbberg eastern labor camp , which was operated and guarded by the SS . Around 450 Hungarian Jewish women were imprisoned in this satellite camp . The women had to do forced labor in the Thomsen & Co shipyard under inhuman conditions .
  • A few weeks before the end of the war there was the only major bomb attack on the city. The attack on April 15, 1945 killed 24 slave laborers.
  • On May 1, 1945, Canadian troops occupied Boizenburg. The Canadian combat units were replaced by British occupation forces four weeks later.
  • On July 1, 1945, the Red Army occupied the city. They took over the occupied territory from the British troops. The Soviet military command moved into the former district court building on Kirchplatz.

City chronicle 1945 – today

Gable mural "Some wonderful things in the world ..." at secondary school III; created in 1971 by Lothar Scholz .
  • On the basis of the SMAD order of November 28, 1946, a border police was set up in Mecklenburg . It should guarantee the protection of the demarcation line . The 375-strong police force, which was commanded by Soviet officers until 1955, was divided into four staff groups. The Boizenburg area belonged to staff group (Stg.) 2 Boizenburg / Gülze .
  • In 1947 more than 4,100 war refugees and displaced persons lived in the city. The majority of the refugees were housed in the former Reich Labor Service Camp, today the sports field on the Grünen Weg, and in the former concentration camp barracks on the Elbberg.
  • After the division of Germany, Boizenburg became an isolated border town. In 1952, in a resettlement measure decided on by the GDR Council of Ministers on May 26, 1952, residents who posed a security risk for state institutions had to leave the place in the border area.
  • On March 12, 1953 at around 1:20 p.m. there was a serious air incident over Boizenburg. A British Avro Lincoln of the Royal Air Force had penetrated the GDR airspace, whereupon it was pursued and shot at by two Soviet MIG 15s . The British plane broke in midair and then crashed at Vier and Bleckede, killing all crew members.
  • Passenger transport by the Boizenburger Stadt- und Hafenbahn was discontinued in 1967. Thereupon the motor buses took over the inner-city passenger transport.
  • On May 25, 1967, a rifle grenade from World War II detonated in the old town of Boizenburg with serious consequences . Four children, including a pair of siblings, died as a result of the negligently caused explosion. Today nothing reminds of the scene of the accident, the former children's playground on Kleine Wallstrasse.
  • In 1969 the bus station on the Hamburg – Berlin route went into operation.
  • Until the 1970s, Boizenburg was in the restricted area along the course of the inner-German border . The first checkpoint was between Zahrensdorf and Neu Gülze . Trips to Boizenburg were subject to a strict control regime and were only approved after submitting an application. A pass was always required to enter the five-kilometer exclusion zone. In addition, port and border visits were not permitted. With the expansion of the border security systems, the control point for the border area was moved closer to the border. Separate requests for visits from relatives and acquaintances were no longer necessary after the changed course of the restricted area from 1972. Remnants of checkpoint four have been preserved to this day.
  • In 1973 the Elbe shipyard began producing inland passenger ships for the Soviet Union .
  • From 1945 to 1974, 1,396 apartments were built in Boizenburg. As part of the GDR - housing program emerged from 1973 more housing developments in the city area.
  • In 1980 the festival week for the 725th anniversary took place.
  • In 1995 the bypass road was completed. As a result, the traffic load within the city was reduced.
  • In 1996 the town hall was handed over after extensive renovation.
  • In 2001 the port area was redesigned.
  • At the end of August 2002 the flood of the century reached Boizenburg. Thanks to the work of many volunteers and the armed forces, worse could be prevented.
  • In 2008/2009 the renovation and redesign of the church square took place.

Population development 1496–2015

year Number of inhabitants
1496 460
1819 2,800
1834 3,147
1875 3,553
1880 3,614
1890 3,672
1933 5,843
1936 6,500
1939 7,067
1942 7,407
1947 10,591
1950 11,749
1971 11,740
1981 12,338
1988 12,049
1995 10,913
2001 10,684
2011 10,201
2013 10,254
2015 10,379

Special

Schinnerhus around 1890

Executioner, Schinnerhus and Hangman's Bridge

The building known as Schinnerhus was on Mühlenstrasse. The accused were housed in the Schinnerhus during a trial.

Boizenburg had several places of execution in earlier times. At that time the gallows of the city court stood outside the city, on the hill known as Galgenberg. The princely court, on the other hand, had its gallows erected on the Schloßberg for the upcoming execution. The beheadings enforced the executioner in the marketplace. The executioner received up to five thalers for his services.

The executioner was under the strict supervision of the councilors. The executioner lived in the Büttelturm, where he lived apart from the rest of the city's population. Outside of his duties he was avoided, so he was only allowed to visit a certain pub, where he was given a separate seat. The executioner was also told how to enter and leave the city in the event of an impending execution. The so-called hangman's bridge, which leads from the short wall to the small wall street, is on this path.

Executioner Clas Kampmann carried out the executions in the 1650s. He not only carried out the death penalty, but also punished convicted thieves, robbers and fraudsters with corporal punishment . The following Low German text is dedicated to this cruel work : “Drei Hän'nlingen an bläudigen Stein. Had stole the one - Dei tweit falsely swears. Dei Drüd had sik taum Striet. Let’s steal here. Clas Kampmann un sin sharp sword. Be Wurt - Fred - Holt't Wurt in Value. Master Clas Kampmann. ”.

Historical monuments

  • Memorial plaques for the fallen of the coalition war , the war of liberation and the Franco-Prussian War , which were installed in the St. Mary's Church in Boizenburg .
  • Memorial to those who fell in the Franco-German War on the Kreuzberg of the Boizenburg cemetery .
  • Memorial for the fallen soldiers of the First World War on the Kreuzberg of the Boizenburg cemetery, designed according to a design by Maximilian Preibisch
  • Memorial from 1969, in memory of the Jewish concentration camp inmates of the Boizenburg subcamp on the Elbbergkuppe, designed according to a design by the former mayor and artist Günther Zecher.
  • VVN memorial from 1948 for the victims of fascism in the Boizenburg cemetery.
  • Memorial stone for 24 victims of captivity and forced labor on the Boizenburg cemetery, erected in the early 1960s.
  • Grave of French division general Joseph Morand , who served in the coalition war , was seriously injured on April 2, 1813 and died on April 5 in Boizenburg. The grave was laid out at the instigation of the Boizenburg wine merchant Friedrich Jacob Klepper. In 1874 the tomb was renewed on the orders of the Mecklenburg Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II .
  • Grave of the Lüneburg wine merchant Friedrich Jacob Klepper, who lived in Boizenburg since 1813. As the leader of the Boizenburger Landwehr, he was involved in the liberation of Lüneburg from the French occupation together with the Tettenborn Cossacks .
  • Memorial plaque at 12 Baustraße, in memory of the last Jewish Boizenburg family, the Cohn family, who lived in the house from 1803 to 1938. The memorial plaque was inaugurated in 2006.
  • The twelve apostles, that's the name of the twelve linden trees on the Elberg. According to historical tradition, these were planted in honor of twelve fallen French officers who probably died between 1800 and 1814 in the area around Boizenburg. The linden trees were replanted in 1996. One of the linden trees was destroyed in a storm in autumn 2017.
  • Listed Jewish cemetery , on Lauenburger Postweg.

See also

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Literature about the history of Boizenburg in the state bibliography MV
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments - Mecklenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 2000, ISBN 978-3-422-03081-7 .
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . The district court districts of Hagenow, Wittenburg, Boizenburg, Lübenheen, Dömitz, Grabow, Ludwigslust, Neustadt, Crivitz, Brüel, Warin, Neubukow, Kröpelin and Doberan. III. Tape. Schwerin 1899, p. 111–118 ( digitized from the Internet Archive [accessed July 24, 2015]).
  • Uwe Wieben: Nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten: persecution, opposition and resistance in Boizenburg. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 1997, ISBN 978-3-929544-32-9 .
  • Uwe Wieben: Boizenburger Chronik: The twentieth century. Verlag Club Wien, Schwerin 2001, ISBN 978-3-933781-23-9 .
  • Rudolf Wulff, Ingeborg Alisch, Otto Jahnke, Helmut Rackwitz, Erika Will: Boizenburg (Elbe) 1949–1989. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2004, ISBN 978-3-89702-651-3 .
  • Boizenburg. Contributions to the history of the city. Published on the occasion of the 725th anniversary. (Ed.) City Council, Boizenburg 1980.
  • Uwe Steffen: The Boizenburger Stadt- und Hafenbahn. THORA Verlag, Schwerin 1990.
  • Karin Wulf: Boizenburg in old views. Volume 1. European Library, Zaltbommel 1995, ISBN 978-90-288-5266-2 .

Printed sources

Web links

Commons : Boizenburg / Elbe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Topographia Saxoniae Inferioris: Boitzenburg  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karl Jordan: Founding the Diocese of Heinrich the Lion. Investigations into the history of East German colonization (= writings of the Reich Institute for Older German History (MGH). Volume 3). Verlag KW Hiersemann, Leipzig 1939, p. 36.
  2. ↑ The endowment certificate Heinrich the Lion from 1158 (MUB I. (1863) No. 65), which is often mentioned as the first mention, goes back to a real original. see. Peter Donat, Heike Reimann, Cornelia Willich: Slavic settlement and regional development in northwestern Mecklenburg (= research on the history and culture of eastern Central Europe. Volume 8). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 978-3-515-07620-3 , p. 132 ff; see. From the history of the village of Bennin . Retrieved September 10, 2017.
  3. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 101.
  4. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 290.
  5. ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 755 ( digitized version ).
  6. ↑ However, the document in MUB I. (1863) No. 529 ( digitized ) already mentions Heinrich von Zweedorf and the other councilmen of Boizenburg present, but the official title of mayor has not yet been used for Heinrich von Zweedorf.
  7. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Werner Mühlner: The names of the cities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2002, ISBN 3-935319-23-1 , p. 24.
  8. ↑ Hans Walter: In: Ernst Eichler, Werner Mühlner: The names of the cities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2002, p. 47; Dieter Greve: Field name atlas for southern western Mecklenburg. Volume I, Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2011, ISBN 978-3-940207-25-8 . This interpretation goes back to the Boizenburg homeland researcher and museum founder Hans Vick (1893–1966) who refers to Boken for the 15 km northwest of Büchen .
  9. ↑ The problem with this interpretation is the durability of the names of waters . These are mostly very old, which would speak against a naming by German immigrants of the 12th century. In addition, floodplains are not suitable locations for beech growth. The reference to Low German boic or boik for beech is also doubtful : Such a spelling is not found in contemporary texts and is generally alien to Low German.
  10. ^ Manfred Niemeyer (ed.): German book of place names . Walter de Gruyter Verlag GmbH & Co KG, Berlin / Boston 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7 , p. 79 .
  11. ^ So explicitly Hans Walter: In: Ernst Eichler, Werner Mühlner: The names of the cities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2002, p. 47.
  12. ^ Paul Kühnel: The Slavic place names in Mecklenburg. In: Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 46, 1881, pp. 3-168 ( digitized version ); Richard Hagen, Uwe Wieben: An overview of the history of the city of Boizenburg until 1917. In: Council of the city of Boizenburg (Hrsg.): Boizenburg. Contributions to the history of the city. 1255-1280. Schwerin 1980, p. 8 f.
  13. ^ Reichsblatt, 1939, No. 17, p. 147.
  14. ↑ a b Carl Teske : The coats of arms of the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg, their cities and towns. Verlag von CA Starke, Görlitz 1885. P. 23 f.
  15. ↑ a b Carl Teske : The coats of arms of the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg, their cities and towns. Published by CA Starke, Görlitz 1885. p. 20.
  16. ↑ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: The cities of Mecklenburg in the Third Reich: a handbook for urban development under National Socialism. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, p. 129.
  17. ↑ Volkhard Hirsekorn: Dendrodated wooden constructions from the late Roman Empire. In: www.kulturwerte-mv.de. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  18. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick. The development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages (= archeology and history in the Baltic Sea region. Volume 4). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 , pp. 158, 160.
  19. ↑ The MUB I. (1863) No. 221 of 1216 reports that Heinrich the Lion had already exempted the Hamburg merchants from paying customs in Boizenburg.
  20. ↑ Meinricus was mentioned as a witness in documents Heinrich des Löwen from 1163 (MUB I. Nr. 80), 1167 (MUB I. Nr. 88), 1169 (MUB I. Nr. 91) 1170 (MUB I. Nr. 96) and 1171 (MUB I. No. 99).
  21. ^ Yearbook of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 76, p. 95.
  22. ↑ MUB I, No. 1127 MUB I, No. 1127
  23. ^ Leopold Donath: History of the Jews in Mecklenburg from the oldest times (1266) to the present (1874). Oskar Leiner, Leipzig 1874, p. 298.
  24. ↑ MUB XIV. (1886) No. 8381.
  25. ↑ MUB VII. (1872) No. 4457.
  26. ↑ Luise Krieg: The scarf trip in the 16th century and its economic and historical significance. In: MJB, Volume 79 (1914), p. 6.
  27. ^ Leopold Donath: History of the Jews in Mecklenburg from the oldest times (1266) to the present (1874). Oskar Leiner, Leipzig 1874, pp. 50–79.
  28. ^ GCF Lisch: The sweat addiction in Meklenburg in 1529 and the princely personal physician. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 3, 1838, pp. 60-83.
  29. ^ Friedrich Stuhr : The population of Mecklenburg at the end of the Middle Ages. 1893.
  30. ^ Hans Heinrich Klüver: Description of the Duchy of Mecklenburg. Part 3 , Thomas von Wiering Erben, Hamburg 1739, p. 728 ff.
  31. ↑ Stock Stadtarchiv Mölln: Section 1 Magistrate before 1870, No. 831, contains u. a. Notices about postponements of their fairs by the council of Boizenburg (1581, Pest), duration: 1547–1581.
  32. ↑ a b F. von Meyenn: Documented history of the von Pentz family. Volume II. Bärensprungsche Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1900, p. 352.
  33. ↑ Uwe Wieben: Foppe von Aitzema and the Peace of Boizenburg from 1620 . Ed .: Association of Boizenburger Museumsfreunde e. V. Boizenburg 2011, p. 45 .
  34. ↑ Uwe Wieben: Foppe von Aitzema and the Peace of Boizenburg from 1620 . Ed .: Association of Boizenburger Museumsfreunde e. V. Boizenburg 2011, p. 27-34 .
  35. ^ JE Fabri: Magazine for Geography, Political Science and History. Raspeschen Buchhandlung, Nuremberg 1797, p. 239.
  36. ↑ Johann Ludwig Gottfried: Historical Chronicle, or description of the most remarkable stories, as it happened from the beginning of the world to 1743. tape 2 . Publishing house Phillip Heinrich Hutter, Frankfurt am Mayn 1745, p. 231 .
  37. ^ R. von Rothenburg: Battles, sieges and skirmishes in Germany and the neighboring countries from 1618 to 1629 . 3. Edition. Hirschfeld'sche Buchdruckerei, Vienna 1835, p. 141 f .
  38. ↑ Niels Slangen: History of Christian IV King of Denmark. FC Pelt Verlag, 1771.
  39. ↑ It is unclear whether it was the Niederungsburg (Fürstengarten) or the Höhenburg (Stadtpark / Schloßberg).
  40. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Baier (Ed.): Circular mosaic: Local history from the district of Hagenow . Old and new from the Boizenburg castles. No. 3 . Boizenburg 1993, p. 45 .
  41. ^ Hans Heinrich Klüvers: Description of the Duchy of Mecklenburg . Ed .: Thomas von Wiering's heirs. tape 2 . Hamburg 1739, p. 311 .
  42. ^ A b David Franck: Des old and new Mecklenburgs Fifteenth Book. Johann Gotthelff Fritze Herzoglich Mecklenburgische Hof-Buchdruckerei, Güstrow and Leipzig 1756, p. 201.
  43. ↑ LHAS, 1.1-12, German Empire 6.
  44. ^ Boizenburg, contributions to the history of the city. Part 2.
  45. ↑ MD Schröder: Wismarsche first fruits. Or some documents and messages that explain the history of the Mecklenburg Church. Friedrich Gottlieb Hornejus, Wismar 1732, p. 274.
  46. ^ Gustav Hempel : Geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the Mecklenburg country . Edmund Frege, Güstrow 1837.
  47. ^ Berlinische Privilegierte Zeitung , report on the executions in the edition of January 4, 1724.
  48. ↑ Jugler in Fabris Magazin 1797, pp. 258, 59.
  49. ↑ LHAS, 2.21-1, 25646.
  50. ^ Klaus-Ulrich Keubke, Hubertus Köbke: Mecklenburg-Schweriner troops in the Netherlands 1788–1795. Writings of the studio for portrait a. History painting, Schwerin 2003, ISBN 3-00-010984-6 , p. 27.
  51. ↑ General Morand was one or two bullets and shelling by grapeshot bullet that was fired from Graal Wall from being seriously injured. see. FW Vogler: The strangest incidents in Lüneburg during the years 1813 and 1814 reported by an eyewitness. Herold and Wahlstab, Lüneburg 1839, p. 24 f.
  52. ^ Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . The district court districts of Hagenow, Wittenburg, Boizenburg, Lübenheen, Dömitz, Grabow, Ludwigslust, Neustadt, Crivitz, Brüel, Warin, Neubukow, Kröpelin and Doberan. III. Tape. Schwerin 1899, p. 117 ( digitized version in the Internet Archive [accessed on July 24, 2015]).
  53. ↑ List of prisoners: 80 officers, 2500 Saxons and French, 400 were killed or seriously wounded in the previous fighting
  54. ^ Frank Bauer: Lüneburg April 2, 1813 . Edition König und Vaterland, Potsdam 2008, pp. 37–38.
  55. ↑ E. Zander: History of the war on the Lower Elbe. Lüneburg 1839, p. 226.
  56. ^ R. von Rothenburg: Battles and skirmishes in the year 1813. Vienna 1834.
  57. ^ Gustav Hempel: Geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the Mecklenburg country. Edmund Frege, Güstrow 1837.
  58. ↑ Karin Wulf: Boizenburg in old views. Volume 1. European Library, Zaltbommel 1997, p. 14.
  59. ↑ a b Uwe Wieben: Streiflichter from Boizenburg and the surrounding area: 51 historical miniatures. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2016, ISBN 978-3-96023-002-1 , p. 48.
  60. ^ Gustav Hempel: Geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the Mecklenburg country. Edmund Frege, Güstrow 1837.
  61. ↑ Hans Szymanski: Die Dampfschiffahrt in Lower Saxony and the adjacent areas from 1817 to 1867. Europäische Hochschulverlag, Bremen 2011, ISBN 978-3-86741-678-8 , p. 273.
  62. ↑ a b Erika Will: Jewish past in Boizenburg. In: Heimatmuseum Boizenburg (ed.): Boizenburg: Contributions to the history of the city. No. III. Boizenburg 1985, p. 9 f.
  63. ↑ Abraham and Moses Seelig, Marcus Abraham Cohn, Selig Kusel, Phillip Lazarus, Joseph Benjamin Engel, Joel Behrend and Abraham Salomon Rosenstern. see. Protective Jews in Mecklenburg – Schwerin (1696–1871). In: Norbert Francke, Bärbel Krieger: Protective Jews in Mecklenburg. Association for Jewish History and Culture in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania V. (Ed.), Schwerin 2002, p. 39.
  64. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar 1878. Published by the court printer Dr. FW Bärensprung, Schwerin January 1878, p. 232.
  65. ↑ Carl Jügel (Ed.): Hendschel's Railway Atlas. Frankfurt 1846, addendum No. 18.
  66. ↑ Hans Jürgen Baier: Old and new from the Boizenburg castles . In: Circular mosaic : Local history from the district of Hagenow . No. 3 . Hagenow 1993, p. 45 .
  67. ^ Fr. Freytag: The gas power machines at the II. Power and work machine exhibition in Munich, 1898. In: Polytechnisches Journal . 311, 1899, pp. 85-88.
  68. ^ H. Schröter, R. Wulff, GU Detlefsen: 200 years Elbewerft Boizenburg. Bad Segeberg 1994, p. 12.
  69. ^ JJ Weber (ed.): Illustrated newspaper . Accidents. tape 95 , no. 2470 . Berlin 1890, p. 463 .
  70. ↑ LHAS, 5.12-7 / 1, 11328, 11342.
  71. ↑ Stephan Sehlke: The spiritual Boizenburg. BoD - Books on Demand, 2011, ISBN 978-3-844-80423-2 , p. 85 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  72. ↑ LHAS 10.34-3, Division V / Collections, Memoirs, Legacies 590
  73. ↑ Conversion of the former restaurant "Flora Garten" on Hamburger Straße.
  74. ↑ www.jüdische-gemeinden.de
  75. ↑ Uwe Wieben: Eduard Alexander: from Reichstag member to mayor in Boizenburg: biographical sketch of an almost forgotten politician of the Weimar Republic . Verlag Am Park, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-89793-166-4 , pp. 47-56 .
  76. ↑ Uwe Wieben: Eduard Alexander: from Reichstag member to mayor in Boizenburg: biographical sketch of an almost forgotten politician of the Weimar Republic . Verlag Am Park, Berlin 2008, p. 56-67 .
  77. ↑ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: The cities of Mecklenburg in the Third Reich: a handbook for urban development under National Socialism. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, p. 131.
  78. ↑ Stephan Sehlke: Das Geistige Boizenburg: Education and educated in and from the Boizenburg area from the 13th century to 1945. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2011, p. 401 f.
  79. ↑ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: The cities of Mecklenburg in the Third Reich: a handbook for urban development under National Socialism. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, ISBN 978-3-8378-4029-2 , p. 131 (see footnote no.12).
  80. ↑ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: The cities of Mecklenburg in the Third Reich: a handbook for urban development under National Socialism. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, p. 128.
  81. ↑ Ludwig Schröder (Ed.): Chronicle of Arbeitsgau VI. Mecklenburg. Druck Niederdeutscher Beobachter GmbH, Schwerin 1937, p. 115.
  82. ↑ Helga Schubert: The world inside: A German mental hospital and the madness of "unworthy life" . EDITION digital, Godern 2013, ISBN 978-3-86394-912-9 , pp. 180 .
  83. ↑ Uwe Wieben: People in Boizenburg: Their work in politics and culture, in handicrafts, in the shipyard and in the record factory in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Akademische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig, Leipzig 2013, p. 164.
  84. ^ Friedrich Stamp: Forced labor in the metal industry 1939-1945: The example of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Ed .: Otto Brenner Foundation. Berlin 2001 ( digitized version [PDF; accessed on November 5, 2016]).
  85. ↑ List of places of detention of the Foundation EVZ. External command of the Dreibergen-Bützow penal institution in Boizenburg / Elbe at the Duensing-Bicheroux works. In: www.bundesarchiv.de. Retrieved November 5, 2016 .
  86. ↑ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: The cities of Mecklenburg in the Third Reich: a handbook for urban development under National Socialism. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, p. 128.
  87. ^ Rudolf Wulff, Ingeborg Alisch, Otto Jahnke, Helmut Rackwitz, Erika Will: Boizenburg (Elbe) 1949-1989. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 1999, ISBN 978-3-89702-651-3 , p. 98.
  88. ↑ 60 years ago: Shot down near Boizenburg. In: ndr.de. March 12, 2013. Retrieved May 27, 2017 .
  89. ^ Rainer Potratz, Inge Bennewitz: Forced resettlement on the inner-German border: analyzes and documents. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 978-3-86153-151-7 , pp. 91-156.
  90. ^ Heinz Heitzer, Günther Schmerbach: History of the German Democratic Republic. Dietz, Berlin 1988, ISBN 978-3-320-01153-6 , p. 38.
  91. ↑ A guest at Bahr's demolition expert. 75. Girls and boys giving a lecture in the DSF Central House. In: Socialist Unity Party of Germany (ed.): New Germany . Berlin October 19, 1967, p. 4 .
  92. ^ Population censuses and statistical surveys of the city and the district of Hagenow, Federal Statistical Office Germany
  93. ↑ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: The cities of Mecklenburg in the Third Reich: a handbook for urban development under National Socialism. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, p. 126.
  94. ↑ Population of 1496 according to Kaiser- Bede .
  95. ↑ Including the 4,159 refugees and displaced persons who found refuge in Boizenburg.
  96. ↑ Located today above the Boizenburger fire station (Lauenburger Postweg 7).
  97. ^ Boizenburger Museumsfreunde e. V. (Ed.): Boizenburg in old views. Volume 3. European Library, Zaltbommel 1997, ISBN 978-90-288-6440-5 , p. 3.
  98. ↑ Knuth Wolfgramm (ed.): Everyone is an artist (Beuys). 200 years of Boizenburg visual artists. Neuer Hochschulschriftenverlag, Rostock 1998, ISBN 978-3-929544-71-8 , p. 38 f.
  99. ↑ There were only eleven apostles left. In: www.svz.de. December 29, 2017, accessed December 30, 2017 .