List of heads of state 1091

Africa

Hammadids (in eastern Algeria)
- Ruler : Al-Mansur ibn an-Nasir (1088–1104)

China
- Liao (in North China)
  - Emperor : Liao Daozong (1055–1101)
- Northern song
  - Emperor : Zhezong (1085–1100)
- Xi Xia
  - Emperor : Chóngzōng (1086–1139)

India
- Western Chalukya (in the West Indies)
  - King : Vikramaditya II. (1076–1127)
- Chola (in South India)
  - King : Kulothunga Chola I. (1070–1119)
- Hoysala (in today's Karnataka)
  - King : Vinayaditya (1047–1108)
- Cashmere ( Lohara Dynasty )
  - King : Harsha (1089–1101)

Seljuks Empire
- Great Seljuks
  - Sultan : Malik Shah I (1072-1092)
- Kirman Seljuks
  - Sultan : Turan Shah I (1085-1096)
- Syrian Seljuks
  - Sultan : Tutusch I (1078-1095)

France
- King : Philip I (1060–1108)
- Anjou
  - Count : Fulko IV. (1068–1109)
- Aquitaine
  - Duke : Wilhelm IX. (1086-1127)
- Auvergne
  - Count : Robert II (1064-1096)
- Brittany
  - Duke : Alain IV. (1084–1112)
- Burgundy (Duchy)
  - Duke : Odo I (1078–1102)
- Burgundy (Free County)
  - Count Palatine : Rainald II. (1087-1097)
- Maine
  - Count : Hugo V. (1069-1093)
- Normandy
  - Duke : Robert II (1087–1106) (1063–1069 Earl of Maine)
- Toulouse county
  - Count : Wilhelm IV. (1060-1094)

Holy Roman Empire
- Roman-German king : Heinrich IV. (1056–1105) (from 1084 emperor )
- Bavaria
  - Duke : Henry VIII ( 1053-1054 , 1077-1095) (1056-1105 Roman-German king)
- Bohemia
  - King : Vratislav II. (1061-1092) (until 1086 Duke) (1076-1081 Margrave of Lusatia)
- Brabant
  - Landgrave : Heinrich III. von Löwen (1085 / 6–1095)
- Flanders
  - Count : Robert I. (1071-1093)
- Funds
  - Count : Gerhard I. (1096–1129)
- Hainaut
  - Count : Baldwin II. (1071-1098)
- Holland
  - Count : Dietrich V. (1061-1091)
  - Count: Florens II (1091–1121)
- Jülich
  - Count : Gerhard I. (III.) (1081–1114)
- Carinthia
  - Duke : Heinrich III. (1090–1122)
- Lausitz
  - Margrave : Heinrich I (1081–1103) (1089–1103 Margrave of Meissen)
- Luxembourg
  - Count : Heinrich III. (1086-1096)
- Meissen
  - Margrave : Heinrich I (1089–1103) (1081–1103 Margrave of Lusatia)
- Lower Lorraine
  - Duke : Gottfried V (1087–1100) (1099–1100 King of Jerusalem)
- Upper Lorraine
  - Duke : Dietrich II. (1070–1115)
- Saxony
  - Duke : Magnus (1072–1106)
- Swabia
  - Duke : Friedrich I. (1079–1105)

Italy
- Apulia
  - Duke : Roger Borsa (1085–1101)
- Capua
  - Prince : Jordan I (1078-1091)
  - Prince: Richard II. (1091–1106)
- Papal States
  - Pope : Urban II (1088-1099)
- Montferrat
  - Margrave : Wilhelm IV. (1084–1101)
- Naples
  - Duke : Sergius VI. (1077 / 82-1097 / 1107)
- Savoy
  - Count : Humbert II. (1088–1103)
- Sicily
  - Count : Roger I (1061–1101)
- Tarent
  - Prince : Bohemond I (1085–1111) (1098–1111 Prince of Antioch)
- Tuscany
  - Margravine : Mathilde ( 1052–1056 , 1069–1115)
- Venice
  - Doge : Vitale Falier (1084-1096)

Spain
- Aragon
  - King : Sancho I (1063-1094) (1076-1094 King of Navarre)
- Barcelona
  - Count : Berengar Raimund II. (1076-1096 / 97)
- Castile
  - King : Alfonso VI. (1072–1109) (1073–1109 King of Galicia; 1065–1072, 1072–1109 King of León)
- Leon
  - King : Alfonso VI. ( 1065–1072 , 1072–1109) (1073–1109 King of Galicia; 1072–1109 King of Castile)
- Navarre
  - King : Sancho V (1076-1094) (1063-1094 King of Aragón)

Zeta (in present-day Montenegro)
- Prince : Konstantin Bodin (around 1082 – around 1102)