List of heads of state 1578
Overview
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Africa
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Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : Sarsa Dengel (1563–1597)
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Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
- King / May: Idris III. Alooma (1564-1596)
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Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
- Buur-ba Jolof : Lat-Samba (1566–1597)
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Kano
- King: Muhammad Shashere (1573–1582)
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Congo
- Mani-Congo : Alvaro I (1567–1587)
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Morocco ( Saadier )
- Sultan : Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik (1576–1578)
- Sultan: Ahmad al-Mansur (1578–1603)
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Munhumutapa Empire
- Ruler : Chisamharu Negomo Mupuzangutu (1560–1589)
- Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
- Songhaeich (in West Africa)
America
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General Governorate of Brazil (united in 1578 Bahia and Rio de Janeiro)
- Governor General: Lourenço da Veiga (1578–1581)
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Bahia
- Governor: Luís de Brito e Almeida (1572–1578)
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Rio de Janeiro
- Governor: vacant (1577–1578)
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Viceroyalty of New Spain
- Viceroy : Martín Enríquez de Almansa (1568–1580) (1581–1583 Viceroy of Peru)
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Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroy : Francisco de Toledo (1569–1581)
Asia
- China ( Ming Dynasty )
- Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
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Mughal Empire
- Great Mughal : Akbar I. (1556–1605)
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Thailand
- King : Maha Tammarajathirat (1569–1590)
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Vietnam
- North ( Mạc dynasty )
- King: Mạc Mậu Hợp (1562–1592)
- South ( Hậu Lê Dynasty )
- King: Lê Thế Tông (1573–1599)
- North ( Mạc dynasty )
Europe
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
- King of Navarre : Henry III. (1562-1610)
- Bishop of Urgell : Miquel Jeroni Morell (1577–1579)
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Co-princes :
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Denmark and Norway
- King : Friedrich II. (1559–1588)
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England and Ireland
- Queen : Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
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France
- King : Heinrich III. (1574–1589)
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Holy Roman Empire
- King and Emperor : Rudolf II. (1576–1612) (1575–1611 King of Bohemia, 1576–1608 Archduke of Austria, 1576–1608 King of Hungary)
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Electoral College
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Archbishopric of Cologne
- Archbishop : Gebhard I. von Waldburg (1577–1583)
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Archbishopric Mainz
- Archbishop : Daniel Brendel von Homburg (1555–1582)
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Archbishopric Trier
- Archbishop : Jacob III. von Eltz (1567–1581) (1576–1581 Abbot of Prüm)
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Kingdom of Bohemia
- King : Rudolf II. , (1576–1611) (1576–1612 Emperor, 1576–1608 Archduke of Austria, 1576–1608 King of Hungary)
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Margraviate of Brandenburg
- Elector : Johann Georg (1571–1598) (1560–1571 administrator of Brandenburg)
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Palatine County near the Rhine
- Elector : Ludwig VI. (1576–1583)
- Duchy of Saxony
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Archbishopric of Cologne
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spiritual principalities
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Hochstift Augsburg
- Bishop : Marquard II of the Berg (1575–1591)
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Bamberg Monastery
- Bishop : Johann Georg I. Zobel von Giebelstadt (1577–1580)
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Hochstift Basel
- Bishop : Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee (1575–1608)
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Archbishopric Bremen (from 1567 Protestant administrators)
- Administrator : Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1567–1585) (1574–1588 Administrator of Osnabrück, 1577–1585 Administrator of Paderborn)
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Brixen monastery
- Bishop : Cristoforo Madruzzo (1542–1578) (1539–1567 Bishop of Trento)
- Bishop: Johann Thomas von Spaur (1578–1591)
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Archbishopric of Cambrai
- Archbishop : Ludwig von Berlaymont (1570–1596)
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Cammin Monastery (Protestant bishops since 1545)
- Bishop : Casimir of Pomerania (1574–1602) (1602–1605 Duke of Pommern-Rügenwalde)
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Chiemsee Abbey
- Bishop : Christoph Schlattl (1558–1589)
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Chur Monastery
- Bishop : Beatus a Porta (1565–1581)
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Eichstätt Monastery
- Bishop : Martin von Schaumberg (1560–1590)
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Hochstift Augsburg
- Members of the Imperial Councilor with a virile vote (selection):
- Austria : Archduke Rudolf V (1576–1612), "directorium agens" in the Imperial Council of Princes
- Salzburg : Prince Archbishop Johann Jakob Khuen von Belasi (1560–1586), “directorium qiescens” in the Imperial Council of Dukes
- Baden-Baden : Margrave Philip II (1569–1588)
- Baden-Durlach : Regent Anna von Pfalz-Veldenz (1577–1584)
- Bavaria : Duke Albrecht V (1550–1579)
- Brandenburg-Ansbach : Margrave Georg Friedrich I (1543–1603)
- Brandenburg-Kulmbach : Margrave Georg Friedrich I (1557–1603)
- Braunschweig-Calenberg-Göttingen : Duke Erich II. (1545–1584)
- Braunschweig-Grubenhagen : Duke Wolfgang (1567–1595)
- Braunschweig - Lüneburg : Duke Wilhelm the Younger (1559–1592)
- Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel : Duke Julius (1568–1589)
- Hessen-Darmstadt : Landgrave Georg I (1567–1596)
- Hessen-Kassel : Landgrave Wilhelm IV. (1567–1592)
- Hessen-Marburg : Landgrave Ludwig IV (1567–1604)
- Hesse-Rheinfels : Landgrave Philip II (1567–1583)
- Jülich-Kleve-Berg : Duke Wilhelm the Rich (1539–1592)
- Lorraine : Duke Charles III. (1545-1608)
- Mecklenburg-Güstrow : Duke Ulrich (1555–1603)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin : Duke Johann VII (1576–1592)
- Pfalz-Neuburg : Duke Philipp Ludwig (1569-1614)
- Pfalz-Zweibrücken : Duke Johann I (1569–1604)
- Pommern-Barth : Duke Bogislaw XIII. (1569–1605)
- Pomerania-Stettin : Duke Johann Friedrich (1569–1600)
- Pommern-Wolgast : Duke Ernst Ludwig (1569–1592)
- Pomerania-Rügenwalde : Duke Barnim X. (1569–1602)
- Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach : Regent August of Saxony (1572–1586)
- Saxony-Lauenburg : Duke Franz I (1543–1581)
- Saxony-Weimar : Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I (1573–1602)
- Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf : Duke Adolf I (1544–1586)
- Schleswig-Holstein-Hadersleben : Duke Johann II. (1544–1580)
- Württemberg : Duke Ludwig (1568–1593)
- Other imperial estates (selection):
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Italian states
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Genoa
- Doge : Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo (1577–1579)
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Papal States
- Pope : Gregory XIII. (1572–1585)
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Parma and Piacenza
- Duke : Ottavio Farnese (1547–1586)
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Savoy
- Duke : Emanuel Philibert of Savoy (1553–1580) (1556–1559 governor of the Habsburg Netherlands)
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Venice
- Doge : Sebastiano Venier (1577–1578)
- Doge: Nicolò da Ponte (1578–1585)
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Genoa
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Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : Murad III. (1574–1595)
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Poland
- King : Stephan Báthory (1576–1586) (Prince of Transylvania 1571–1576)
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Prussia
- Administrator : Georg Friedrich (1577–1603) (1543–1603 Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, 1577–1603 Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach)
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Sweden
- King : Johann III. (1568–1592)
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Transylvania
- Prince : Christoph Báthory (1576–1581)
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Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Voivode : Mihnea Turcitul (1577–1583, 1585–1591 )