Stavropol region

Subject of the Russian Federation Stavropol region Ставропольский край flag coat of arms Federal district North Caucasus surface 66,160  km² population 2,786,281 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 42 inhabitants / km² Administrative center Stavropol Official language Russian Ethnic composition Russians (81.6%) Armenians (5.5%) Ukrainians (1.7%) Dargins (1.5%) Greeks (1.2%) (as of 2002) governor Vladimir Vladimirov Founded December 15, 1936 Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone prefixes (+7) 865xx, 879xx Postcodes 355000-357999 License Plate 26, 126 OKATO 07 ISO 3166-2 RU-STA Website www.stavkray.ru

Coordinates: 44 ° 57 '  N , 43 ° 15'  E

The Stavropol Region ( Russian Ставропольский край / Stavropolski krai ) is an administrative unit ( Krai ) in Russia . It is located in the southern part of Russia, in the North Caucasus , and has around 2.7 million inhabitants. The capital is the Stavropol of the same name .

history

In the Stavropol region, archaeologists have discovered settlements that date back to the 4th millennium BC. There are countless ancient settlements, burial mounds and fortified settlements in the valleys of the Jegorlyk and Kuma rivers . Where today the city of Budyonnovsk is, was the time of the so-called Golden Horde the city Madschar . It was an important city in the North Caucasus in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the Middle Ages, numerous trade routes ran through the region, including the Silk Road . These sparsely populated areas were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire until the second half of the 18th century . With the end of the Russo-Turkish War from 1768 to 1774, the Stavropol region passed from the Ottoman Empire to Russia. In 1777, at the behest of Empress Catherine II, the Stavropol fortress was built as part of the Azov-Mozdok defense line , where the city of Stavropol was founded eight years later.

After the dissolution of the Stavropol Governorate, the Stavropol Region belonged to the South-East Oblast from February 13, 1924 and to the North Caucasus Krai of the RSFSR from October 16, 1924 . When, on December 15, 1936, due to the new constitution, the Dagestani ASSR and three Autonomous Oblasti of the North Caucasus were separated from the North Caucasus Krai and elevated to autonomous Soviet republics , Stavropol (it was called Voroshilovsk from 1935 to 1943 ) became the capital of the North Caucasus Krai. The name of the territory was changed to Ordzhonikidze Krai on March 17, 1937 . The current name Krai Stavropol dates from January 12, 1943 .

In 1995, Chechen terrorists led by Shamil Basayev took 1,600 people hostage in Budyonnovsk's hospital in the city. Among them were 150 children and many pregnant women. The occupation of the hospital lasted six days. 106 hostages, 11 militiamen and 14 military personnel were killed there.

population

The majority of the approximately 2.7 million people in the Stavropol Territory are Russian. In addition, large groups of Armenians , Ukrainians and Greeks live there . The Nogai and Turkmens who live in the east and northeast of the region are descendants of the previous nomadic population of the steppe. The Ossetians , the Circassian Cabardines and the Abasins have also lived in the foothills for a long time, some from the higher Caucasus in the 20th century. More recently, the number of Dagestani residents has also increased, especially the Dargins .

economy

The main branches of industry are mechanical engineering, the energy industry and the food industry. Agriculture is one of the most important industries in the region, it employs more than 156,000 people. The cultivation of grain and sunflowers dominates arable farming . Livestock , including sheep, poultry and pig breeding, play a leading role . Are well developed the gardening , the viticulture and beekeeping .

Numerous health resorts that were built at medicinal springs are of major tourist importance. These are also bottled as mineral water. In the Stavropol region there are currently 118 health resorts and health resorts and 5 rest homes. The most famous spa town is Kislovodsk . The extraction and processing of crude oil and natural gas is also important, with several pipelines from the oil fields in the south running through the region.

Natural space

Sheleznovodsk . View of the Beschtau mountain

“Academic Gallery” near Pyatigorsk

The region lies in the hilly foothills of the Caucasus , with the Manytn lowlands in the north , between the Black Sea, the Azov and the Caspian Seas. The most important river in the Stavropol region is the Kuban , which rises from the Elbrus . The region borders on nine other regions of the Russian Federation, including Chechnya , which has often led to armed attacks in the region. The Stavropol region lies on the border between Europe and Asia.

The Stavropol region consists largely of steppe , only a few hundred kilometers to the east, one of the few pure desert areas on European soil is in the Kalmyk steppe . The south is characterized by the high mountains of the Caucasus with its untouched nature. Also in the south is a group of 17 extinct volcanoes.

The Stavropol region has natural gas , crude oil and uranium ore in terms of mineral resources . The particular wealth of the region, however, is the healing water springs . More than 120 mineral springs gush over a relatively small area . The Kawkasskije Mineralnye Vody near Mineralnie Vody with their mineral water springs are the most important spa region in the Russian Federation.

Two of Russia's 84 nature reserves are located in the region: the Tatarskoye Gorodishche archaeological reserve not far from Stavropol and the Lermontov Nature Park .

In the south towards the Caucasus the climate changes into a highland climate . The mean temperature in July is +22 ° C, with the actual daytime temperatures often exceeding 30 ° C. The mean temperature in January is -4.4 ° C, although a drop to below -15 ° C is not frequent, but can occur.

Administrative divisions and cities

→ Main article : Administrative division of the Stavropol Territory

The Stavropol region is divided into 26 Rajons and 9 urban districts . The most important places besides the administrative center of Stavropol are the four other large cities Pyatigorsk , Kislovodsk, Nevinnomyssk and Essentuki , as well as Mineralnye Vody , Georgievsk , Budjonnowsk and Mikhailovsk . There are a total of 19 cities and seven urban-type settlements .

Biggest cities

Surname	Russian	Residents (October 14, 2010)
Stavropol	Ставрополь	398,539
Pyatigorsk	Пятигорск	142,511
Kislovodsk	Кисловодск	128,553
Nevinnomyssk	Невинномысск	118,360
Essentuki	Ессентуки	100,996

See also : List of cities in the Stavropol Territory

Web links

Commons : Stavropol region  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of the Stavropol Territory
• English and Russian short messages from Kawkaski Usel from the Stavropol region
• Stavropol Territory - General information

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)