Werder / Spree

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Werder / Spree
Community of Tauche
Coordinates: 52 ° 6 ′ 53 ″  N , 14 ° 1 ′ 46 ″  E
Height : 45 m above sea level NHN
Area : 5.78 km²
Residents : 84  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 15 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 15848
Area code : 033677
Werder / Spree (Brandenburg)
Werder / Spree

Location of Werder / Spree in Brandenburg
Werder in the Schmettauschen map series from 1767/87. The map series wrongly describes the Schwenowsee [A 1] also as Drobschsee.
Werder in the Schmettauschen map series from 1767/87. The map series also incorrectly refers to the Schwenowsee as Drobschsee.

Werder / Spree (since April 21, 2004, previously Werder ; Łucka in Lower Sorbian ) is a district of the Tauche municipality in Brandenburg with around 110 inhabitants. The village, first mentioned in documents in 1376, lies in the Spree lowlands on the southern edge of the Oder-Spree district on the border with the Unterspreewald . The forest and water-rich district of Werders includes several protected areas . Characterized by agriculture and forestry for centuries, nature-based tourism is becoming increasingly important for the economic life of the village.

Geography and natural space

Location and geology

The 578  hectare district of Werders lies on the southwestern foothills of the Beeskower Platte towards the Spreetal. The Spree flows in this section of the river in the glacial Brieschter valley under the name Krumme Spree from west to east and separates the Beeskower Platte from the Lieberoser Platte to the south . To the north, the district extends to the edge of the Schwenowsee and borders here, as well as to the west, on Schwenow , which belongs to the Limsdorf district of Storkow .

The western border forms a small channel between the Schwenowsee and the Spree, in which there are still two smaller watercourses today. In the adjacent Schmettauschen map series from 1767/87, this channel is still shown as a pronounced swampy depression that could be passed over the Werderschen Damm . In the southwest and south, the Krumme Spree largely forms the border of the village area, only smaller sections south of the river belong to Werder. This is where the Pretschens and Plattkows areas join, districts of the Märkische Heide community in the Dahme-Spreewald district in Lower Lusatia . In the east, the Werders district extends as far as the Blabbergraben or the moored Drobschseerinne (see the following section). Beyond this natural border follow the districts of Görsdorf and Kossenblatt , which, like Werder, belong to the municipality of Tauche. The small village itself is located on the southern edge of its district directly on the Spree.

Protected areas

Most of the Werders district belongs to the Dahme-Heideseen nature reserve . Werder also has a share in the Krumme Spree landscape protection area . In addition, parts of the Schwenower Forest nature reserve and its Drobschseerinne natural development area in the east belong to Werder. On the Schmettauschen map, the Drobschsee extends all the way to the Spree. Today the southern end of the lake is on the same level as the southern end of the neighboring Schwenowsee. The remainder of the seaside is now moored and is drained from the last section of the Blabbergraben to the Spree. The separately protected Drobschseerinne zone includes the (remaining) Drobschsee and this Blabbergraben section. As an FFH area Spree, the flood plain of the Spree is part of the coherent European ecological network of special protection areas Natura 2000 . The profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) characterizes the 2,324  hectares comprehensive FFH area under the number 3651 to 303 as follows: Nationally significant rivers with outstanding connectivity and spread function for otter , beaver and numerous species of fish, Aue with typical habitats.

View from the Werder spree bridge over the protected floodplain of the Spree

Transport links and Spree bridges

In order not to impair the landscape of the river valley, the Werder Spree Bridge , built in 1991, was made entirely of wood. The bridge leads the only road connection Werders, the district road K 6726 , and the Spreeradweg over the river. To the north, the district road connects the town via Schwenow to Limsdorf and ends there at the state road L 42 . In the south in the district of Dahme-Spreewald, the road continues in the Plattkows district as K 6118 to the L 443 between Kossenblatt and Wittmannsdorf .

In 2012, two oxbow lakes of the Spree were desludged and reconnected immediately south of the village center . The measure took place within the framework of the “development concept for the renaturation of the oxbow lakes of the Spree” according to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) for the near-natural development of flowing waters and is intended in particular to open up the habitat for species typical of flowing waters . With the renovation, the branch for the district road also had to be bridged, so in 2012 another similarly constructed bridge was built around 100 meters north of the Werder Spree bridge.

history

Prehistoric times to the High Middle Ages

Archaeological finds and the ground monuments in Werder indicate that the place was already settled in prehistoric times . From the Stone Age ( Mesolithic and Neolithic ) and from the Bronze Age settlements or resting places and workplaces have been identified. In the early Middle Ages there was a Slavic settlement in Werder .

The region was in the 12th century during the Ostsiedlung from the Wettin settled out and was part of the later rule Beeskow-Storkow in Markgrafschaft Lausitz (until 1575 Beeskow-Storkow was actually at Brandenburg). Storkow , located on the northern border of Lusatia and the center of the Storkow rulership , was first mentioned in 1209, and Storkow Castle was probably built around 1150. It is not known whether the German settlement of Werder took place in the High Middle Ages or not until the late Middle Ages . What is certain is that around four kilometers north on Blabbergraben there was a German aristocratic castle from the 12th to 13th centuries, today's ground monument Räuberberg . The neighboring Kossenblatt was first recorded in writing in 1208 ( Coscenblot ).

First mention and naming

Loan deed from 1376 for the von Queiß

Werder was first mentioned in a document in 1376 as a village czu Werdir in a feudal letter from Strele , Lords of Beeskow and Storkow, for the Knights of Queiß . After that, the Queiß brothers were enfeoffed with the villages of Schauen , Dahmsdorf , Wendisch-Rietz and Werder along with Drobschmühle and with elevations in the village of Krausnick . The certificate says:

Werder and Spreebogen in the Prussian premiere from 1846

“Ouch leyen wyr en that village zcu Werdir with all grace and with all rights ouch leyen wyr ene see and the pastures themselves on our heath. Ouch we ley the named drobschmole and also before the service in the village of Krusenigk [Krausnick] 15  malter , half grain and half oats, 38 ½ groschen interest, 15 chickens, 15 Swilken flax [...]. "

- Loan of August 19, 1376

Etymology Werder and Łucka

The village was first documented in 1490 under the name Werder (from Werdir ). The very common German place name Werder is a topographical name for the Werder landscape . Originally proven to mean river island , Werder in the Middle Low German basic form usually stands for settlement or peninsula on land surrounded by water , i.e. here refers to the location of the village on a Spreebogen.

The Lower Sorbian name Łucka is the diminutive of łuka = meadow → Wieschen, small meadow (cf. the Slovak place name Lúčka ). However, it is unclear whether Łucka is the historical Slavic place name. The name goes - like almost all Lower Sorbian name forms in the region - on the work of the Sorbian folklorist Arnošt Muka from the 19th and 20th centuries. Century back. With a few exceptions, these are younger forms, interpretations or new creations of Mukas.

Development from 1416 to 1736

On June 16, 1416, Hans von Bieberstein , Herr zu Beeskow , confirmed the merciful and voluptuous servants Diprande and Nickel Brothers, called the Quiße, the fief of the village of Werder with all its justice and allegiance . By 1542 at the latest, Werder went from von Queiß to the Kossenblatt manor , which it remained with until 1736. The Kossenblatt estate was owned by von Weilsdorf from 1521 to 1577. In 1576, nine farmers, three cottagers and one housekeeper were named for Werder . After two years of interim ownership by von Hohenstein, Kossenblatt and Werder came to von Oppen in 1580/1582 . In addition to the Kossenblatt manor and manor house acquired by the Brandenburg Lord Chamberlain, Georg von Oppen, the later royal Kossenblatt Castle was built between 1705 and 1712 .

In 1600 there were 15 ½ farmer's hooves , three kossas and a shepherd in Werder  . The Thirty Years War (1618 to 1648) left clear traces in Werder. In 1652 many courtyards lay desolate . The fields were partly overgrown, some usable fields were needed by the rulers. In 1692 Herr von Oppen complained that the subjects had many desert fields under them and that most of them were still overgrown; he listed in detail:

Old barn on the side arm of the Spree
  • 15 ½ farmer's hooves in total
  • Hooves of the occupied hoppers of 10  bushels , 8  mets winter and 3 bushels summer sowing
  • Total sowing of the desert Hüfner: 1  wispel , 15 bushels winter and 9 bushels summer sowing
  • a kossat of 8 bushels, 4 metzes of winter and 9 bushels of summer seeds
  • a Kossät of 8 bushels, 4 Metzen winter and 3 bushels, 8 ½ Metzen summer seeds
  • = a total of 4 bison, 10 bushel, 8 Metzen winter and 1 bison, 8 bushels, 1 ½ Metzen summer seed
  • 3 small fields; win the 3rd grain, unless water damage occurs
  • 7 loads of hay per farmer  , 5 loads per kossät; must rent guard in the electoral office
  • makeshift firewood on hooves, don't keep sheep; some piping ; Fishing with the Wathe on the Spree.

In 1699, Field Marshal General Hans Albrecht von Barfus acquired the land from Friedrich Wilhelm von Oppen (1664–1709), with whom he was related through his grandmother Catharina von Oppen.

Development from 1736 to 1899

From the descendants of Hans Albrecht von Barfus, who died in 1704, the "Soldier King" Friedrich Wilhelm I bought the Kossenblatt estate and castle in 1736 , which he occasionally used as a hunting lodge . Königs Wusterhausen Castle remained the ancestral seat of the king . Now part of the Kossenblatt office or, after 1822, the Trebatsch office, Werder remained under the rule of King Wusterhausen until 1872 .

In 1745, two farmers and five Kossäten were located in Werder, also a first time Vorwerk and a dairy farm given. In 1774 Werder had 88 inhabitants, who according to an information for 1775 were divided into 15  fireplaces (six farmers, one Kossät, eight Büdner and others). 1801, the population had risen to 105, including a granny who managed a total of 18 ½ feet. One pitcher is listed for the same year . In 1837 136 people lived in 17 houses. In 1858 a part of Werder was placed under the manor district of the Schwenow forest district as a protected area .

Further information for the year 1858:

  • 179 inhabitants
  • a public building, 21 residential buildings and 44 farm buildings
  • Total 1364  acres , consisting of: 5 acres of homesteads, 34 acres of garden land, 727 acres of arable land, 566 acres of meadow, 32 acres of pasture.

Between 1858 and 1895 the population fell from 179 to 149.

South entrance to the village on the side arm bridge from 2012
Spreewaldhotel
Fire station of the volunteer fire brigade

20th and 21st centuries

In 1900 23 houses were counted. The land extended over 353 hectares, including 158 hectares of arable land and garden land, 101 hectares of meadows, 20 hectares of pasture and 23 hectares of forest. In 1929 the Schwenow manor district was dissolved and the part of the forest reintegrated into Werder, so that the area had expanded to 554 hectares (data for 1931). For 1939 144 inhabitants and 23 agricultural and forestry holdings are given, which are divided as follows: 5 holdings with 20–100 ha, 5 with 10–20 ha, 5 with 5–10 ha and 8 with 0.5–5 ha After the Second World War , in 1946, the population rose again with 178 to the highest level of 1858, but then decreased continuously from 101 in 1964 and 83 in 1971 to 74 in 1981.

In the so-called "collectivization phase" of the GDR between 1952 and 1960 with the state-organized amalgamation of private companies to form large cooperative companies, an agricultural production cooperative  (LPG) of type I was established in Werder in 1958 with 19 companies, 15 members and 172 hectares of cultivated land , 77 of them ha fields. In 1960 the LPG was divided into two LPGs of type I, merged again in 1963 and connected to the LGP Kossenblatt of the rather rare type III in 1974 .

Since the German reunification in 1990, the village on the Spree has been promoting its abundance of forests and water, presenting itself as an ideal place to relax and inviting you to hike, bike and ride on newly built and / or expanded roads, bridges and paths. A rest area has been set up at the Werder Spree Bridge for cyclists . Several restaurants have adapted to tourism and some offer "Spreewald-typical food", carriage and chariot rides .

Municipal institutions

In terms of population (around 110), Werder is the smallest district in the non-governmental municipality of Tauche . In the municipal assembly Immerse the village is by a mayor represented. While the three-person local advisory board was retained in the other eleven districts , the Werders local advisory board - which was last only made up of two people - was dissolved by a resolution of the municipal assembly in January 2014. A residents' meeting could be held for important issues in Werder at the request of the mayor . A community house is available for gatherings . The Werder volunteer fire brigade , which has a fire engine , takes care of the fire protection of the village .

There has never been a church in Werder. In the bite of years 1600 and 1897 Werder was eingekircht in Kossenblatt, now part of the Protestant parish diver in the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Oberlausitz .

literature

  • Rudolf Hermsdorf: Between Dolgen and Skirmishes. Chronicle of the localities of the Reichenwalde parish district. Part 1: From prehistoric times to modern times. Self-published, Storkow 1934.
  • Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. (HOL) Part IX: Beeskow - Storkow. (Publications of the Potsdam State Archives , Volume 25). Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2011, ISBN 978-3-941919-86-0 (reprint of the edition: Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Nachhaben, Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7400-0104-6 ).
  • Sophie Wauer: Brandenburg name book. Part 12: The place names of the Beeskow-Storkow district . After preliminary work by Klaus Müller. ( Berlin Contributions to Name Research , Volume 13). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08664-1 .

Web links

Commons : Werder / Spree  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The double name Dropschsee (today: Drobschsee) for the two adjacent lakes in the Schmettauschen map series was wrong. The western lake has been known as Schwenowsee since 1514 at the latest. Source: K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski (eds.): The names of the waters of Brandenburg. (= Brandenburg name book, part 10; Berlin contributions to name research, volume 11). Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert , edited by Reinhard E. Fischer . Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 , p. 260.
  2. ↑ Nature development areas of the Pursuant to § 21 para. 2 Brandenburg Nature Conservation Act (PDF) separately in protected areas designated zones that are beyond the direct human influence. The term corresponds roughly to the older term total reserve .
  3. ↑ Wathe or Wate is an old term for a large fishing net / seine. See more precisely: Wate. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 27 : W – way [twittering] -zwiesel - (XIII). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1922 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Tauche municipality: Werder
  2. ↑ Community and district directory of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 21, 2020.
  3. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. P. 228.
  4. ↑ Olaf Juschus: The young moraine south of Berlin - investigations into the young Quaternary landscape development between Unterspreewald and Nuthe. S. 2. Dissertation, Humboldt University Berlin, 2001. Also in: Berliner Geographische Arbeit , 95. ISBN 3-9806807-2-X , Berlin 2003. See Figure 2 plates and glacial valleys in the young moraine south of Berlin in chapter 1 and in chapter 4 Fig. 32 and subsections 4.3.4.3 and 4.3.4.5 .
  5. ↑ Brandenburg viewer, digital topographic maps 1: 10,000 (menu - "More data" - click and select accordingly; switch to the district boundaries "real estate cadastre" and there "districts".)
  6. ^ Minister for Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning. Ordinance on the “Schwenower Forest” nature reserve. Brandenburg regulation system (BRAVORS), Potsdam, September 8, 2004. Entry into force of the regulation on October 9, 2004.
  7. ↑ 3651-303 Spree.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  8. ↑ Iris Stoff: Bridge is taking shape. In: Web magazine of the Märkische Onlinezeitung (MOZ), September 18, 2012.
  9. ^ New construction of a bridge over the old arm of the Spree . Blickpunkt, online portal for the state of Brandenburg, July 27, 2012.
  10. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. P. 120.
  11. ^ HOL, pp. 65, 295. In addition to Hermsdorf, the HOL gives the historian Rudolf Lehmann as a further source for the first mention in 1376; Wauer names Lehmann alone for 1376, whose inventory collection very likely contains the same loan letter completely reproduced by Hermsdorf: Rudolf Lehmann : Document inventory for the history of Niederlausitz up to 1400.Böhlau , Cologne-Graz 1968 (= Central German Research, Volume 55), p. 332, no 872. Information according to HOL, S 65, 322.
  12. ^ Rudolf Hermsdorf: Between Dolgen and Skirmish. .... … P. 46. - According to Hermsdorf (S 47), the loan letter is located or was in Bibersteinurkunden 1, Booklet II, pag. 23/4 1-c-fr 1 Friedland Castle Archives during Hermsdorf's time .
  13. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Pp. 120, 209, 226, 228.
  14. ^ Rudolf Hermsdorf: Between Dolgen and Skirmish. .... ... p. 47.
  15. ↑ a b HOL, pp. 137, 295f.
  16. ↑ HOL, p. 295.
  17. ↑ a b c HOL, pp. 294-296.
  18. ↑ Iris Stoff: Werder no longer has a local advisory board. In: Märkische Onlinezeitung (MOZ), January 23, 2014.
  19. ^ Official journal for the municipality of Tauche. Ed .: Municipality of Tauche, the mayor. No. 04, year 21, May 7, 2014, verwaltungsportal.de (PDF)
  20. ↑ Evangelical Church Community Tauche