kuk Dragoon Regiment "Prince of Windisch-Graetz" No. 14

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Dragoon uniform of the 1762 regiment
Chevauxleger ca.1820

The regiment was established in 1725 as the Merode Dragoon Regiment in the Imperial Habsburg Army . From this developed over time up to the common army within the Austro-Hungarian land forces the kuk dragoon regiment "Field Marshal Alfred Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 It was named after " Alfred Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz " . His relatives were also known colloquially as "Windisch-Graetz Dragoons" .

Designations

In 1769 the regiment was given the name Cavalry Regiment No. 31 in the newly established cavalry ranking list . However, the name continued to be after the regiment owner (who did not also have to be the commander) until 1798 . There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (For example the Count Serbelloni regiment - or the Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.

For the systematics, the following numbering was subsequently introduced for the period up to 1769: 1725/1 (to Ticino ), Dragoon Regiment D IX (to Bleckwenn).

After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. At first the name was changed to La Tour Dragoon Regiment No. 11 . In 1802 the regiment was named La Tour Chevaulegers No. 4 .

In the course of the army reform, the regiment was assigned number 14 by lot . Although the honorary name was assigned to the regiment in 1835 "for ever and ever", these were deleted in 1915 without replacement. From then on the regiment was only called kuk Dragoon Regiment No. 14 . However, this could not be enforced in common parlance, especially since the thrifty kuk military administration had ordered that all available stamps and forms should be used up first.

Since 1757, in memory of the bravery that was shown in the battle of Kolin by the very young, unbearded crew, the regiment commander to the commoner, contrary to the obligation to wear a beard in the Imperial and Royal Army, did not wear a mustache in the regiment. This privilege was confirmed again by Emperor Franz Joseph I on October 5, 1850. After the obligation to wear a beard had been abolished in the entire kk army in 1869, the regiment was given permission by the highest resolution of December 7th, 1869 as compensation to attach a special ribbon with the city name "Kolin" embroidered as a motto on the standard that had been left as an exception . Since 1791, a large gold medal of honor with an eye and ribbon was attached to the regimental standard, bearing the portrait of Emperor Leopold II and with the inscription: À la fidélité et valeur signalée du regiment de Latour-Dragons, reconnue par l ' Empereur et Roy was provided.

The regiment was considered an elite regiment and was the only cavalry regiment in the monarchy that was allowed to keep its standard after the standards were abolished in 1868 (until 1918).

Formation history

  • 1725 from the Dutch national regiments Westerloo , de Ligne and Holstein-Norburg, who transferred to imperial service from Spanish Habsburgs in 1714, set up as a regular dragoon regiment
  • In 1731 parts of the dissolved auction companies of the regiments Savoy (No. 13) , Phillipi ( Hussar Regiment No. 15 ) and Batthyányi (Dragoons No. 10) were incorporated
  • 1732 renamed the Dragoon Regiment de Ligne
  • 1740 two companies of the disbanded Dragoon Regiment Württemberg were incorporated
  • 1757 Daun Dragoon Regiment
  • 1758 Dragoon Regiment Löwenstein-Wertheim
  • Converted to Chevauxlegers Regiment 4 in 1760
  • In 1769 the regiment was given the cavalry ranking number 31
  • 1791 Converted to a Chevauxlegers regiment
  • 1798 Converted to Light Dragoon Regiment No. 14 . Surrender of the 2nd major division for the establishment of the light Dragoon Reg. No. 13 ( later Hussar Reg. No. 16 )
  • 1802 Converted to Chevauxlegers Regiment No. 4
  • 1851 Converted to Dragoon Regiment No. 7
  • 1854 Surrender of the 4th Division as a tribe of the newly established Dragoon Regiment No. 8
  • 1860 Renaming to Dragoon Regiment No. 2
  • 1867 Renaming to Dragoon Regiment "Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14
  • 1915 renamed to Dragoon Regiment No. 14

Supplementary districts

Barracks of the 1st Squadron in Altbunzlau

Peace garrisons

I. II. III.

Regimental owner

Regimental Commanders

I. II. III.
  • 1725 Colonel Carl Wildgraf Daun zu Kyrburg
  • 1728 Colonel Ludwig Theodor Baron Courriéres et d'Ongnies
  • 1735 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Ludwig Graf Brevécque
  • 1745 Colonel Peter Joseph de Coudrelier
  • 1751 Colonel Theodor Lefévre
  • 1757 Colonel Jacob Franz Graf Thiennes
  • 1758 Colonel Carl, Chevalier de la Marliér Thoricout
  • 1760 Colonel Carl Alexander Freiherr von Bietagh
  • 1768 Colonel Alexander Freiherr von De Fin
  • 1773 Colonel Carl Freiherr von Lilien
  • 1777 Colonel Leopold Graf Longueval-Buquoi
  • 1779 Colonel Ludwig Graf Civalart-Happoncourt
  • 1789 Colonel Nicodem Chevalier de la Bailly
  • 1790 Colonel Friedrich Freiherr von Bueren
  • 1791 Carl Freiherr von Pforzheim
  • 1793 Colonel Franz von Roe
  • 1797 Colonel Ferdinand de Mondet
  • 1800 Colonel Armand von Nordmann
  • 1804 Colonel Ignaz Freiherr von Lederer
  • 1809 Colonel Goswin de Fierland
  • 1812 Colonel Franz Freiherr von Gallois
  • 1817 Colonel Karl Freiherr von Scheibler
  • 1823 Colonel Joseph Ritter v. Bohm
  • 1831 Colonel Carl Freiherr von De Vaulx
  • 1837 Colonel Carl Pfeifer von Ehrenstein
  • 1845 Colonel August Freiherr von Godart
  • 1847 Colonel Nicolaus Edler von Spiegelberg
  • 1849 Colonel Nicetas Freiherr von Csollich
  • 1853 Colonel Wilhelm Prince of Schleswig-Holstein
  • 1854 Colonel Gustav Göttmann von Gottesburg
  • 1857 Archduke Joseph (2nd Colonel)
  • 1859 Colonel August Graf Bellegarde
  • 1866 Colonel Ludwig Prince of Windisch-Graetz
  • 1869 Colonel Ferdinand Freiherr Tunkl von Asprung and Hohenstadt
  • 1875 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Alexander Graf Üxküll-Gyllenband
  • 1880 Colonel Alois Prince of Liechtenstein
  • 1887 Colonel Alois Graf Paar
  • 1892 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Rudolph Ritter von Brudermann,
  • 1897 Lieutenant Colonel Oscar Freiherr Weber von Ebenhof
  • 1903 Colonel Maximilian Hirsch
  • 1906 Colonel Ferdinand Haas
  • 1911 Colonel Your Highness Felix Prince zu Schwarzenberg

Battle calendar

Officer of the regiment en parade

War of the Polish Succession

  • 1734 With the Imperial Army in Germany. No combat activity
  • 1735 Seconded to the Mosel Corps, the Grenadier Company is in action with Clausen

War of the Austrian Succession

Seven Years' War 1757 Battle of Kolin , Battle of Leuthen

  • 1758 Security services in Moravia, Battle of Hochkirch
  • 1759 in the Corps de Ville in Silesia. Fights near Zurlau, later with the main army in battle near Maxen
  • 1760 As the Chevaulegers Regiment initially in Silesia, later detached to the main army, it was attacked by superior enemy cavalry during the battle of Torgau and had to surrender for the most part after heavy losses
  • 1761 in the Corps Loudon took part in the battle at Hartmannsdorf
  • 1762 in the Corps Brentano took departments at the battles at Adelsbach , Dittmannsdorf and low-Peilau part

War of the Bavarian Succession

  • 1778 As a dragoon regiment in the main army in Bohemia
  • In 1779 a detachment fought near Olbersdorf
  • 1790/91 Battles near Nassogne, Haut-Fay, Grand-Sinsin, l'Ètoile, Ychippe and Andenne

Coalition wars

  • 1792 as the Chevauxlegers Regiment, divisions stood in the battles at Lamain, Glisuelle, Harlebeke, Orchies, Lille, Mons and in the Battle of Jemappes , where the 2nd Majors Division recaptured lost guns. Later two divisions covered the retreat of the Clerfayt Corps behind the Roer.
  • 1793 fights at Aldenhoven, Neer winds and Famars , later at Maubeuge , at Beaumont , Merbes-le-Chateau, Fauquemont and Condé
  • 1794 Parts of the regiment fight in front of Landrecies, Belleghem, Courtray-Ingelmunster and Roulers. The 2nd major division initially stood in front of Douai and then took part in the defense of Valenciennes . Two divisions covered the retreat of the army and were in action at Tongeren
  • 1795 on the Lower Rhine, later in front of Mannheim , then in battles near Hachenburg and Frankenthal
  • 1796 in the Lower Rhine Army (Corps Werneck) in battles near Sulzbach , Amberg , Würzburg , Gießen and Freilingen . Security services at the victory .
  • 1797 Battle near Kirburg
  • 1799 As a dragoon regiment in the army in Germany in battles near Ostrach and Stockach , then in Switzerland near Zurich and later in front of Mannheim
  • 1800 battle near Engen, Möskirch and with distinction near Neuburg. Later fights near Ampfing and Salzburg (Viehhausen)
  • 1805 Battles at Wertingen and Jungingen as Chevauxlegers Regiment No. 4 . Two divisions detached to cover the artillery park made their way to Bohemia, the other two to Archduke Ferdinand's corps. Because of the weak workforce, the regiment was later combined into a division. This was then in the battle at Stecken
  • 1809 In the II Corps in Germany with battles near Dinzling, Schierling (Upper Palatinate) , Eggmühl and Regensburg . Battle of Aspern . In the battle of Wagram the regiment rode attacks near Baumersdorf.

Wars of Liberation

Reign of the Hundred Days

Risorgimento

  • 1821 campaign to Naples. No combat activity

Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 Individual detachments fight in Italy near Castelnuovo, Santa Guistina and Giotto. Campaign to Modena . A squadron in the Nugent Corps in action near Udine , Visnadello and Olmo. A division was used against Garibaldi's troops.
  • 1849 Two divisions fought in the Battle of Novara , with the 2nd Majors Division under Karl von Ergert particularly distinguishing itself . One division took part in the campaign in Romagna and had skirmishes near Bologna during the capture of Ancona . Two divisions then moved to Vorarlberg, where the regiment was reunited in October.

German-Danish War

  • In 1864 parts of the regiment crossed the Eider and took part in the battle at Torfschoppen and in the advance to Jutland .

German war

  • 1866 Five squadrons fought in the 1st light cavalry division near Trautenau, Neu-Rognitz, then in the battle of Königgrätz, Pardubitz , Chrudim and Znaim .

Bosnian crisis

  • 1878 The regiment was in readiness at the disposal of the army command on the Save

First World War

During the First World War, the dragoons were exposed to a wide variety of uses. At first they fought as cavalry in the regimental unit, but were also used as infantry in all theaters of war.

Whereabouts

After the proclamation of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in October 1918, the soldiers of Czech origin were called on by the interim government to stop the fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was obeyed by the regiment's mostly Czech crew. Thus the association was withdrawn from its previous high command, the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry, and could not be demobilized by the latter and, at best, theoretically dissolved. It is currently not known whether, when and where such a dissolution took place.

Status and association membership 1914

VIII Army Corps - 1st Cavalry Brigade
Nationalities: 59% Czechs - 29% German - 12% different
Regimental language: Czech and German

structure

A regiment in the Austro-Hungarian Cavalry usually consisted of three to four (in exceptional cases more) divisions. (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or 160 riders per squadron.

(During the army reform initiated by Emperor Joseph II , the company structure within the cavalry was given up.)

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
  • the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division

Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations.

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

literature

  • Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck & Erich Lessing: The K. (below) K. Army 1848–1914 Bertelsmann, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .
  • Hans Bleckwenn : The Empress's Regiments: Thoughts on the Albertina Manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna ; in: Writings of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna, Volume 3: Maria Theresa - Contributions to the history of the army of her time; Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1967. pp. 25-53.
  • Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. d. Uniforms d. emperor. Army on the Rhine 1734 . Harenberg, Dortmund 1979. ISBN 3-88379-125-3 ; P. 17ff.
  • Hermann Meynert: History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time . C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854. online at google books
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century ; 3 volumes; Biblio Verlag: Osnabrück 1986–1995. ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 . P. 152ff.
  • Gustav Amon von Treuenfels: History of the kk dragoon regiment Alfred Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz No. 14 , Vienna 1886
  • Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht . The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry, Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback.

Web links

Commons : Uniforms of the Austrian Cavalry 1762  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century ; Part 1; Biblio Verlag: Osnabrück 1986. ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 . P. 40
  2. ↑ Hans Bleckwenn : The Empress's Regiments: Thoughts on the Albertina Manuscript 1762 of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Vienna ; in: Writings of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna, Volume 3: Maria Theresa - Contributions to the history of the army of her time; Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1967. pp. 25-53.
  3. ↑ probably about all honorary regiment owners who have now become unpopular, such as Get rid of the King of Montenegro, the King of Italy or the Tsar of Russia in this elegant way
  4. ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512
  5. ↑ as since the spelling reform of 1996 Field Marshal Lieutenant referred

Remarks

  1. ^ The former Württemberg dragoon regiment Prince Louis, since 1734 in imperial subsidies, in 1736 ceded entirely to the emperor.