Hermannstein

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Hermannstein
City of Wetzlar
Coat of arms of the village of Hermannstein: shield divided by a silver sloping bar; above in blue a colorful Hessian lion head, below in red a silver mill wheel. The mill wheel is an indication of the oldest history, the battlements are reminiscent of Hermannstein Castle, the lion's head indicates that it belongs to Hesse.
Coordinates: 50 ° 35 ′ 2 ″  N , 8 ° 29 ′ 16 ″  E
Height : 163 m above sea level NHN
Area : 9.3 km²
Residents : 3900  (December 31, 2017)
Population density : 419 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : August 1, 1977
Incorporated into: Lahn
Postal code : 35586
Area code : 06441
map
Location of Hermannstein in Wetzlar

Hermannstein is a district of the district town of Wetzlar in the Lahn-Dill district in Central Hesse .

geography

The neighboring communities

Geographical location

Hermannstein is located in the lower Dill Valley on the southern edge of the Gladenbacher Bergland between Asslar in the northwest and the Wetzlar core city with the Niedergirmes district in the southeast. The Hermannstein district has grown together with Niedergirmes and there is no longer any landscape separating it from Aßlar, only the route of the Autobahn 480. The Dill flows on the western edge of the village, on the other side of the river are large areas of the Wetzlar Dillfeld that are used commercially and partly also for agriculture on. Most of the settlement area of ​​Hermannstein lies in the Dill Valley, but it also stretches up the mountain slopes towards Galgenberg in the north and Simberg in the east.

District and national borders

Until 1866, the Hermannstein district boundaries were for the most part also state borders between Solms and Hesse. The boundary stones were checked at annual border crossings. After Wetzlar and the formerly Solmese neighboring communities Niedergirmes, Blasbach and Aßlar had become Prussian in 1815, extensive protocols had to be written about the reconstruction of the boundary stones.

There were often border disputes with Niedergirmes, as the dill , which formed part of the border, shifted its river bed to the east. After the great fire in Wetzlar in 1643, a customs house built by the Schencken zu Schweinsberg on the boundary of the district became a heavy burden for the people of Wetzlar, who mainly affected the fire victims.

Neighboring places

Neighboring towns of the Hermannstein district of Wetzlar are clockwise: in the north the municipality of Hohenahr , in the east the Wetzlar districts of Blasbach and Naunheim , in the south the core city of Wetzlar itself (with the districts Niedergirmes and Dillfeld) and in the west the city of Asslar .

geology

The geology of the Lahn-Dill area

Geologically, the Hermannstein area belongs to the eastern part of the Rhenish Slate Mountains , to the so-called "Hessian Synklinorium ". This has the most complex structure of the Rhenish Slate Mountains and is subdivided into Dillmulde , Hörre and Lahnmulde . Hermannstein lies in the Lahnmulde , which here mainly consists of Devonian rocks. There are mainly limestone and scarf stones .

Mining

Around the middle of the 19th century, many applications for mining and courage rights were made for the Hermannstein district . 14 mines were registered in the municipality's mining land register. However, the brown and red iron finds were not so powerful that they could have been mined over decades. Visible signs of the historical Hermannstein mining have not been preserved.

At present, limestone is being mined in a quarry that is now over five hectares in the east of the town.

history

Prehistory and early history

The oldest finds in the Hermannstein district are dated to the time of the older to younger Stone Age. The four finds from the western slope of the Galgenberg are a nose scraper or drill, a small scraper with clear retouching , a small split (all made of gray silica slate ) and a small blade made of light gray, fine quartzite .

In the area of ​​the Dreiherrensteine there are 14 barrows dating back to the Hallstatt period between 800 and 450 BC. To be dated. The nearby field margins also indicate an early settlement.

middle Ages

Mulenheim

Before the community became known under its current name, the place was called Mulenheim . No statements can be made about the exact age, but it should have been a Franconian settlement. Archaeological finds that date back to the 6./7. Go back to the century and add the "home" in the place name. In contrast to some neighboring communities, Mulenheim is not mentioned in the Lorsch Codex . The first documentary mention of Mulenheim comes from the Schiffenberg document from 1150. From the 12th to the 15th century Mulenheim is mentioned in various documents in the spelling Mulinheim, Mulnheim, Mühlheim, Molnheym, Molinheim and Molenheim.

The place is likely to have been within today's municipal boundaries. The Mulenheim field names mentioned in the documents are identical to the Hermannstein field names.

In Mulenheim among other things, were Wetzlar Marienstift , the Monastery Altenberg , Schiffenberg Monastery , the knights Lesch of Mühlheim , Wetzlar patrician family of Driedorf and several Wetzlar citizens wealthy.

After the construction of Hermannstein Castle , the citizens of Mulenheim probably built new houses below the castle in order to find shelter quickly in troubled times. A number of old farmsteads will have continued to exist for the time being. A document from 1399 speaks of arable land, which is located near the Hermannstein around the village of Molenheim. A rule by Hirmansteyn is already mentioned in 1404. So one cannot assume that Mulenheim will go down, but that it will be relocated and renamed.

Jurisdiction

Mulenheim belonged with Bechlingen, Asslar, Kleinaltenstädten and Niedergirmes to the Cent and judicial district of Lohe . Initially, the only court lords were the Counts of Solms. In 1359, however, Count Heinrich von Solms-Braunfels pledged his share in the dill cents Dillheim, Lohe and Blasbach to Count Johann von Nassau-Weilburg . A little later, he left his rights to the Dillcentre to the Landgrave of Hesse, so that from then on Solms and Hesse shared jurisdiction over the Dill. The place of execution of the Loher court was on a hill between Aßlar and Hermannstein, the Galgenberg, which still bears this name today. The oldest surviving log book of the Loher court, in which the court boundaries are described, was started in 1512. Hermannstein probably belonged to the Loher court until 1629. Despite the lower jurisdiction that Barons Schenck had, all property matters of the Hermannstein residents were negotiated at the Loher court.

Church and monastery

Mulenheim owned a church that belonged to the Archipresbyterate of Wetzlar and thus to the Archdiocese of Trier. The first priest mentioned in a document is Gottfried von Driedorf, who in 1279 transferred all his property to the Wetzlar Abbey. Four other pastors are known from the second half of the 14th century: Hartmann, called Gönse (until 1365), Wygand von Girmes (1365 to 1383), Johann Schreiber (from 1383) and the Wetzlar cleric Konrad (from 1388).

In the 15th century the Teutonic Order House and the Schenck zu Schweinsberg family were patrons of the church. In 1427 the brothers Schenck zu Schweinsberg presented Valentin von Lotich from Hadamar as pastor of the Church of St. Paulini zu Hermannstein. This church could on the one hand be the old Mulenheim church, which could have been consecrated to Paulini after the resettlement of the Mulenheim population. On the other hand, it could also be a precursor church to today's Hermannsteiner Paulskirche , which however did not have this name in earlier times.

In addition, Mulenheim, like the later Hermannstein, owned a Beguinage monastery, which was first mentioned in a document in 1255.

Hermannstein

The place goes back to the Hermannstein Castle , which the Hessian Landgrave Hermann II had built in the 14th century as protection against marauding knight associations and to secure the territorial claims of his house in the Wetzlar area and in the Lahn valley against Count Johann von Dillenburg. Construction began in 1373 under the rule of Heinrich II , who had already granted Hermann II co-regency in 1367. In 1379 the castle on the Schwarzenberg was completed.

As a result, Johann von Dillenburg ended the dispute with Hermann II, and both agreed to build a common place at the foot of the castle. Thus Hermannstein was founded in the period after 1380. In the following years the castle and the town of Hermannstein changed hands several times, Hermann's successor Ludwig I waged costly wars against the Archbishop of Mainz and had to pledge parts of his possessions.

In the late 15th century they finally passed into the possession of Johann Schenk zu Schweinsberg , whose descendants later referred to themselves as the Hermannsteiner line after the castle . Under the rule of Johann Schenk zu Schweinsberg from 1491 to 1492 the local church, still preserved today, called Paulskirche after the Reformation , and a monastery were built.

The Barons von Schenck and the Counts of Solms

Over the centuries, the barons of Schenck and the Counts of Solms repeatedly argued about ownership in Hermannstein. In 1610, Count Wilhelm zu Solms filed a lawsuit against Messrs Schenck zu Schweinsberg at the Imperial Court of Justice. In 130 points, he put his views on the ownership is doing so, he concluded that the Mulenheimer Mark and Loher court, including the place Hermannstein, solmsischer possession were because Solms and Hesse since 1350 together masters of Mulenheimer. Centering been , but the Hessian landgrave would have enfeoffed Solmser with his half in 1468. In his opinion, the Landgraves of Hesse owned only the castle and the mountain on which it was built. As a result, the Schencken violated the law when they presumed to rule in the Mulenheimer Center. It was not until 1637 that an out-of-court settlement was reached in which the Schencken were granted civil jurisdiction and the associated authority over Hermannstein. The Schencken were also awarded the high and low hunts in the Hermannsteiner Forest, as well as the fishing rights in the dill, but this, as from time immemorial, against a considerable interest. Since Caspar Magnus Schenck zu Schweinsberg, who had a 25% stake in the Hermannstein fiefdom, took part in the Thirty Years' War , he could not agree to the agreements of this settlement.

In 1718, the Count zu Solms took this as an opportunity to declare the settlement null and void and, above all, to prevent the Schencken and their servants from hunting.

Another subject of dispute between Solms and the Schencken was the Niedergirmes forest, which was located in Hessian territory. The Hermannsteiners had the right to herd their cattle in this forest together with the Niedergirmesers. During the Seven Years' War , the trees were severely decimated by the troops stationed nearby. Solms asked the Schencken on behalf of the Niedergirmes community to protect the forest, but they were only willing to protect a part of it. The Hermannsteiners took advantage of this disagreement. They still looked after their cattle in the forest and also felled wood there.

The barons of Schenck zu Schweinsberg and the Hermannsteiners

There are no reports from the 16th century on the relationship between the new masters at Hermannstein Castle and the residents of the village. The Hermannsteiners were obliged to do manual and tensioning services, while the Barons Schenck, in turn, had to provide the villagers with wood. Because of these services, there were disputes that were settled in 1612. In 1819 the villagers' obligations to the barons were again precisely defined.

The Schencken had patrimonial jurisdiction over Hermannstein, so they were the court lords at the lowest level. In 1707 they created a court order in which criminal offenses and corresponding fines were regulated. In 1822 the Schencken ceded their rights to the Hessian state.

Because of the unclear ownership and legal relationships between the von Schenck men and the Hermannstein citizens, legal disputes arose again and again.

In 1710 the community and Schencken quarreled over the Galgenberg. An examination commission was set up to question the old local residents. Around 1750, a process for the grazing rights of the community on Schenckschem Grund was conducted.

Christian Caspar Schenck wanted to have a road built through his forest in 1771. The reason for this was the damage caused when the farmers drove through the forest next to the poor road. Although the construction of the road had already been approved, the municipality filed a complaint against this project. Christian Caspar Schenck then turned to Landgrave Ludwig IX. The objections of the community were rejected by the government and Christian Caspar Schenck was granted the right to build the already approved path.

In 1778 the local citizens invaded the forest and cut wood on their own. Baron von Schenck then sued them, and the community was sentenced to pay 148 guilders. In 1796 the local residents drove the wood sold to the residents of Aßlar and Niedergirmes to the village. In doing so, they relied on a judgment they had obtained a few years earlier, according to which the baron could only sell wood from his forest if it was previously determined by a commission that his forests allowed wood to be sold outside. On March 24, 1796, the trial of this illegal act took place. The community had to pay for the wood that was taken away and bear all costs.

In 1816, the two parties reached a settlement in order to remove “old errors” in relation to the ownership of two properties. In 1851, Mr. von Schenck applied for the division of these properties.

The community's dependence on the Barons von Schenck for wood allocation was lifted in 1852. The community received 413 acres of forest from the Schencken and waived the right to allocate lots. The replacement of the portion of the big tithe that had to be paid to the Schencken followed in 1853. With the replacement of the hunting license in 1860, the community should have relieved of all tithe and labor obligations.

Modern times

Hermannstein approx. 1630. Copper engraving from the Thesaurus philopoliticus .

When the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided into the Landgraviate of Kassel , Marburg , Rheinfels and Darmstadt , Hermannstein came to Hesse-Marburg in 1567. When his regent died childless in 1604, the Landgraviate of Marburg was divided between Kassel and Darmstadt. Hermannstein and the hinterland fell to Hessen-Kassel and in 1623 to Hessen-Darmstadt. Due to the common administration, disputes between Solms and Hessen did not fail to appear. They led to a settlement that sealed the separation on October 30, 1629. Hessen-Darmstadt received the office of Königsberg with the communities Hermannstein, Naunheim, Waldgirmes, Frankenbach, Ober- and Niederweidbach, Roßbach and Wilsbach. The office of Hohensolms fell to Solms, which included the places Altenkirchen, Altenstädten, Blasbach, Oberlemp, Bermoll, Erda, Ahrdt and Mudersbach.

In 1612 more than 160 people lived in Hermannstein, in 1662 only 69. This strong reduction in population can be explained by the Thirty Years War and its consequences.

Hermannstein became a theater of war in 1759 during the Seven Years' War . From September to December the armies of the French and the allies of the Prussians faced each other on both sides of the Lahn. German officers were quartered in the Hofgut, in the rectory and a few other houses.

In 1796, Asslar, Hermannstein, Kleinaltenstädten and other neighboring communities were plundered and occupied in the course of the coalition wars. The population had to leave their homes, their cattle were slaughtered, the furniture dragged out of the houses or destroyed. In 1797 the community had to take out a loan of 1400 guilders to cover the costs of the war and in 1798 another loan of 500 guilders “to pay heavy war burdens”. The "Österreicher Graben", a dill canal on the border between Hermannstein and Niedergirmes, dates from 1796. This prevented the road between Wetzlar and Herborn from being flooded, which is important for the relocation of troops.

On July 2nd, 1803 half the village fell victim to the biggest fire in Hermannstein. During the Wars of Liberation from 1813 to 1815, Hermannstein suffered again from the billeting and feeding of troops passing through.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Hermannstein in 1830:

"Hermannstein (L. Bez. Giessen) evangel. Parish village; is located on a hill on the Dill, as well as on the Chaussee that runs from Frankfurt via Wetzlar to Herborn, and belongs to Baron Schenk von Schweinsberg. The district is almost completely surrounded by Prussian parts of the area, is 3 St. from Giessen and 1 St. from Wetzlar, has 93 houses and 519 inhabitants, who are Protestant apart from 1 Catholics and 38 Jews. The ruins of Hermannstein Castle are still pretty well preserved. This castle was built by Landgrave Hermann I, without a doubt, in order to be able to either support the city of Wetzlar, over which he exercised the protective right, more strongly, or to keep it in check. The Counts of Solms saw this building, as within their territory, or at least within the community, as contrary to the contract and illegal. Disputes arose, and Landgrave Hermann I admitted, in 1377, to an Austrägal court, according to whose ruling he either wanted to stop or continue the construction. In the meantime, the Counts of Solms renounced all further objections in 1379, and Hermannstein Castle was to be owned by the Landgrave and his heirs forever. Otto von Solms managed to get Landgrave Heinrich III to give him half of the castle and office of Hermannstein as a fief in 1468. Nevertheless Otto did not get hold of the castle, because Landgrave Heinrich had pledged the castle to Ludwig von Mudersbach for 700 fl. In 1466 , and in 1481 Johann Schenk zu Schweinsberg, then court marshal of the Landgrave, had the solution for 1,000 fl. With the landgrave's approval. But since Count Otto claimed one half of the castle by virtue of his fiefdom letter, Johann Schenk also pleaded, among other things, that Otto had never been in possession of the castle. In the meantime, however, a comparison was made in 1489, through which Count Otto was supposed to fief half of the castle from Hesse, but to give it back to the donor Johann and his heirs as an afterfief. As a result, Landgrave Wilhelm III. the tavern Johann and his descendants, but after their departure the whole tribe of the taverns from Schweinsberg, with half, to which the Solmsian half was added as an after fief. However, various disputes arose over this between the Counts of Solms and the taverns, one of which was named after Hermannstein. In 1328 there was a battle near Hermannstein between Landgrave Otto and an army of Mainz, which was used to recapture Giessen, which remained undecided but saved Giessen. In 1822, the Baron von Schenk zu Schweinsberg ceded patrimonial jurisdiction to the state, along with legal rights to the police, including penalties, with the exception of forest fines. "

On 24./25. In July 1844 a great fire again caused great damage in Hermannstein.

During the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt fought on the side of Austria against Prussia and thus on the side of the loser. Hessen-Darmstadt had to cede some Hessian areas to Prussia, including Hermannstein. During this war, too, Prussian troops were quartered and fed in Hermannstein. 15 Hermannsteiners took an active part in the war, one of whom did not return and was reported missing.

With the formation of the hinterland district in 1867 ( renamed again in Biedenkopf district on August 12, 1867 ), the previous district area was expanded to include Fellingshausen, Frankenbach, Hermannstein, Königsberg, Krumbach, Naunheim, Rodheim and Waldgirmes, which previously belonged to the Gießen district .

At the Franco-German war 1870/1871 participated 13 Hermann Steiner citizens, including two Jewish church members. After the end of the war, everyone could return to Hermannstein.

20th century

In 1904 a house and three barns burned down on Blasbacher Strasse. In 1910 the next major fire occurred in Dillstrasse and in 1926 the open hall and the neighboring mill building burned down in the Hofgut.

In 1907 Hermannstein received a gas connection. On the evening of October 12, the streets were lit for the first time by ten gas lamps.

In the First World War , 77 Hermannsteiners were at the front by the end of 1914. In many farms, the work now had to be done by women. The fact that this succeeded was partly thanks to the tenant of the estate, who willingly made his team available. 44 Hermannsteiners lost their lives in this war.

In 1924 Hermannstein was connected to the electrical power grid . In the same year the consolidation of the agricultural property began. Due to the real division, the size of the individual fields was so reduced that hardly any machines could be used for processing. A merger was carried out in the interests of agriculture.

Until 1930 the water was pumped from wells. In addition to a number of private wells, there were eight public ones. With the construction of an elevated tank , the village received a water pipe in 1930.

In 1932 Prussia carried out an area reorganization in which the Biedenkopf district was dissolved. The southernmost part of the district, which was also jokingly called "Pannkuchevertel", was added to the district of Wetzlar with Hermannstein and the other seven municipalities mentioned above . This previously belonged to the Rhine province as an exclave and has now been assigned to the province of Hessen-Nassau .

When the bombing of the cities of Frankfurt, Gießen and Wetzlar increased during the Second World War , many Hermannsteiners sought protection in the tunnel of the limestone quarry on Blasbacher Straße, as there was no bomb-proof cellar in the village. From September 11th to September 30th, 1939 196 Bavarian soldiers had to be taken into private quarters. They were followed by Austrians who moved into their quarters here for almost the entire winter of 1939/40. On March 18, 1944, an aerial mine went down in Dillfeld , which destroyed the window panes in almost every apartment in the village and caused damage to many roofs. On May 28, 1944, bombing caused major damage to the fields. A citizen of Hermannstein was killed in an attack on Wetzlar on November 21, 1944. On March 28, 1945 three soldiers were killed by an American artillery attack in Hermannstein. In the last days of the war a young lieutenant and some soldiers had dug himself in on the outskirts of Asslar in order to stop the Americans with bazookas . A few older men from Asslarer Strasse succeeded in convincing them of the absurdity of their plan. They left the night before the Americans arrived. On the morning of March 29 (Maundy Thursday) the Americans passed through Hermannstein. The community had to mourn 141 war victims (including the fallen relatives of the expellees ).

After the Second World War, many expellees found a new home in Hermannstein. Three families with 28 people came from Yugoslavia and four families with 25 people from Hungary . The largest group of displaced people, 57 families with 150 people, came from the Sudetenland , mainly from the Mährisch Schönberg district . They were quartered in Hermannstein on July 25, 1946. At this point in time, 226 refugees and displaced persons from other areas had already been admitted. There were also bombed out people from Wetzlar, Giessen, Frankfurt and Cologne.

On October 16, 1945, the state of Greater Hesse was established. With the constitution of December 1, 1946, the name was changed to Hessen.

Until well into the 20th century, Hermannstein was predominantly characterized by agriculture. In 1890, of 169 eligible voters, 60 were farmers, 41 ironworkers and 16 craftsmen. In 1928 38 families were still living from farming. After the Second World War , Hermannstein developed into a preferred residential location, especially for the workers at the Buderus works in nearby Wetzlarer Dillfeld.

The economic miracle favored the enormous expansion of the place. In a ring exchange between the community of heirs Freiherr Schenck zu Schweinsberg, the Buderus Group and the Hermannstein community, around 80 hectares of land changed hands in 1961/62. This was the prerequisite for the development of new building areas. 208 apartments were built in the Schäfersheck area alone . The increased demand for water required the construction of two deep wells and one elevated tank. From 1963 even the Buderus stainless steel works could be supplied with sufficient water.

During this time, the Philipp Schubert School, a kindergarten, the town hall with nurses' station, the fire brigade base, the cemetery chapel, two sports fields with ancillary facilities and several children's playgrounds were built. In addition, the town center was renovated and Hermannstein participated in the construction of the swimming pool in Asslar.

By 1970, 303 new houses were built in Hermannstein, by 1976 there were around 400. In addition, the non-profit housing association built large apartment buildings.

21st century

In the spring of 2015, the development of the new building area "Am Rotenberg" began on an area which was previously owned by Buderus Immobilien GmbH and which connects to the previous Hermannstein development to the north. In the summer of 2015, the construction of 104 planned houses began.

On June 30, 2018, the 4000th resident was registered, making Hermannstein the largest district of Wetzlar.

Historic streets and paths

Hermannstein was on the Hohe Strasse , which in this area led from the Siechhof over the Linsenberg and then through the Falltorstrasse up to the Biedenkopfer Land and on to Westphalia.

The road between Asslar and Wetzlar

The Talstraße (today Aßlarer and Wetzlarer Straße) was only laid out in the 19th century. It was part of the trunk road from Dillenburg via Herborn and Asslar to Wetzlar, which was to be expanded into a wide road after the Seven Years' War . It was not until 1784 that an agreement was reached on a route on the Mühlberg near Sinn along the left slope of the Dill through Hermannstein and past the Siechhof. In 1789 the section in the Nassau area was completed. For the Hessian section a Dill Canal was necessary between Hermannstein and Wetzlar, for the construction of which Landgrave Ludwig IX. only gave his consent in 1781. Construction on the approximately one kilometer long ditch, in which the city of Wetzlar, Solms and Hesse each took a third part, began in November 1781. In May 1782, the Hessians stopped the work that was still unfinished. Nothing happened until 1796, when the Austrians completed the trench construction. But it took more than 30 years until the section between Wetzlar and the Hermannstein border was built. In 1830 the Hermannsteiner Chausseestück between the Wetzlar and Asslar border was completed.

The road to Blasbach

In 1846 Prussia suggested building a road from Hohensolms via Blasbach to Hermannstein. Since Hermannstein initially did not want to raise the costs for the road construction, it was only started in 1866. The maintenance of Blasbacher Strasse put a heavy burden on the community. Especially the lower end was badly affected by the limestone transport between the quarries at the end of the village and the Buderus factory site.

The Dill Bridge

Before 1860 there was no navigable bridge over the Dill in Hermannstein, only a wooden walkway. Carts had to cross the dill in a ford. As a result of the construction of the Deutz-Gießener Railway , the Dill bed was relocated in 1860, whereby the ford disappeared. The now required driving bridge, a wooden structure, was built in 1861/62 as a joint facility of the railway company and the municipality. In 1888 the dilapidated bridge had to be repaired. In 1905, a new green stone bridge was built directly below the wooden bridge . The bridge was badly damaged in 1946 when two American tanks drove to the other side of the Dill with an armored bridge. In 1988 a fundamental renovation of the 60 m long structure was necessary to make it passable for heavy traffic.

Territorial reform

On December 31, 1971, in the course of the Hessian regional reform, Blasbach became a district of Hermannstein on a voluntary basis.

As the largest project of the territorial reform on January 1, 1977, by virtue of state law, the two cities of Gießen and Wetzlar and 14 surrounding communities including Hermannstein, the city of Lahn . When the city of Lahn was dissolved again on August 1, 1979 after violent protests by the population, Hermannstein and Blasbach came to Wetzlar as districts.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Hermannstein was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the "Patrimonial Court of Schenken zu Schweinsberg" was responsible for Hermannstein, who in 1822 handed over their rights at the court to the Hessian state. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the founding of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts in 1822 as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. " Landgericht Gießen " was therefore the name of the first instance court from 1822 to 1866, which was also responsible for Hermannstein.

After the cession of the northwestern part of the district of Gießen and with it Hermannstein to Prussia, as a result of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Prussia , Hermannstein was separated from the district court of Gießen. In June 1867 a royal decree was issued that reorganized the court system in the former Duchy of Nassau and the parts of the area that had previously belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous regional court was renamed the Gladenbach District Court and Hermannstein was assigned to this court. The courts of the higher instances were the District Court of Dillenburg and the Court of Appeal in Wiesbaden . Due to the Courts Constitution Act of 1877, the district court changed to the district of the newly established Marburg Regional Court with effect from October 1, 1879 . With effect from October 1, 1902, Naunheim was separated from the Gladenbach District Court and added to the Wetzlar District Court . In the Federal Republic of Germany, the higher-level instances are the Limburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

population

Population development

• 1742: 077 households
• 1800: 335 inhabitants
• 1806: 419 inhabitants, 89 houses
• 1829: 519 inhabitants, 93 houses
Hermannstein: Population from 1800 to 2015
year     Residents
1800
  
 335
1806
  
 419
1829
  
 519
1834
  
 577
1840
  
 606
1846
  
 653
1852
  
 696
1858
  
 682
1864
  
 705
1871
  
 697
1875
  
 734
1885
  
 780
1895
  
 869
1905
  
 1,035
1910
  
 1,147
1925
  
 1,282
1939
  
 1,636
1946
  
 2,056
1950
  
 2,195
1956
  
 2,466
1961
  
 2,650
1967
  
 3,851
1970
  
 3,625
1976
  
 3,777
1990
  
 3,697
1996
  
 3,754
2005
  
 3,550
2008
  
 3,614
2011
  
 3,339
2015
  
 3,632
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; after 1977: Population figures in the city of Wetzlar; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1885: 0732 Protestant, 7 Catholic and 31 Jewish residents
• 1961: 2001 Protestant (= 75.51%) and 563 (= 21.25%) Catholic residents
• 2017: 1600 Protestant (= 41.0%), 574 (= 14.0%) Catholic, 1753 non-denominational and other (= 44.9%) residents

nationality

 Source: City of Wetzlar

• 2005: 3209 Germans, 441 non-Germans (5.9%) thereof 225 women and 216 men
• 2012: 3,071 Germans, 463 non-Germans (13.1%) thereof 225 women and 238 men
• 2015: 3,042 Germans, 590 non-Germans (16.2%) thereof 268 women and 322 men
• 2017: 3,141 Germans, 759 non-Germans (19.5%) thereof 359 women and 400 men

Religions

Christianity

The Evangelical Church Community of Hermannstein is the largest religious association in town. She holds her services every Sunday in the Paulskirche on Wetzlarer Straße. Hermannstein and Naunheim belong, in contrast to all other districts and the core city of Wetzlar, which belong to the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, to the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau . Within this regional church, Hermannstein belongs to the provost of North Nassau and there to the dean's office in Gladenbach.

The Catholic Christians in Hermannstein belong to the parish of St. Walburgis in Wetzlar-Niedergirmes. This is in the pastoral area of Wetzlar-Stadt in the church district of Wetzlar , which in turn belongs to the Limburg diocese .

Judaism

The first news about Jews in Hermannstein comes from the year 1668. In 1826 there are reports of eleven Jewish families living here. Between 1823 and 1838, 16 Jewish apartments are specified in documents. From 1838 to 1874, 59 births, eleven marriages and 32 deaths were listed in a register. In 1853 56 Jews were registered in Hermannstein. The number of apartments rose to 25 by 1874.

Before the Jewish cemetery, which is still preserved today, was laid out in 1842 opposite the Protestant cemetery in Friedenstraße, the Jewish community owned a burial site on the Dill in the area of ​​today's Huthstraße.

Towards the end of the 19th century, the Jewish community shrank considerably. Although the Torah was inaugurated in 1880 , the Hermannstein Jews joined the Jewish community in Asslar in 1892. They justified this with the small number of members, which had decreased to six.

In 1920 ten Jews left Hermannstein, presumably for economic reasons. In 1933 only Berta Goldschmidt, who ran a grocery store, lived here and two other Jewish families, whose houses were expropriated in 1939. Berta Goldschmidt moved to Ehringshausen with her sister, where she died.

Sigmund Isaak was imprisoned in the guard room of the mayor's office in the course of the November pogroms in 1938 . He was massively mistreated during this action. He was later taken to the Buchenwald concentration camp . It is thanks to the fact that the concentration camps were not prepared to accept the many Jews at that time that he was released back home. Sigmund and Sabine Isaak were born in Spain in September 1941 - at the request of their daughter, Hildegard Berg. Simon, fled to Argentina. The son Leo Isaak had fled to England in 1937. Sigmund Isaak was Sabine's second husband. David Simon, her first husband and Hildegard's father, died in 1917 in World War I.

Other religions

The hall of the Jehovah's Witnesses Assembly Wetzlar e. V. is located at Ludwigstrasse 9.

politics

Local advisory board

In the election to the local advisory board on March 6, 2016, the following distribution of seats resulted. For comparison, the election results of the previous election periods.

Municipal election in
Hermannstein 2016
 %
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
52.6%
34.0%
13.4%
n. k.
Gains and losses
compared to 2011
 % p
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-3.3  % p
+ 10.4  % p
+ 10.1  % p
-17.2  % p
Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 52.6 5 55.9 5
FW Free voters 34.0 3 23.6 2
FDP Free Democratic Party 13.4 1 3.3 0
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 0.0 0 17.2 2
total 100.0 9 100.0 9
Voter turnout in% 37.9 40.6

Mayor and mayor

Surname Term of office Remarks
Conrad Dietrich 1664 First mayor identified by name
Martin Seipp († 1685) Mayor
Johannes Weber 1721 mayor
Andreas Jost 1726
Johann Jost Lang 1734
Johann Balthasar Vogel 1735
Johann Jakob Eckhard 1759
Fritz Hedderich 1781
Bernhard Daniel 1784
Karl Kahn 1812 Highness school
Philipp Wagner 1817-1823
Jakob Reuschling 1823-1826 mayor
Balthasar Jost 1826-1830
Friedrich Scholl († 1840) 1830-1840
Jakob Wagner 1841-1861
Philipp Wagner 1862-1884
Philipp Spory († May 20, 1902) 1884-1902
Jakob Hedderich 1902-1921
Heinrich Helm 1921-1929
Philipp Schubert 1930-1933 SPD, honorary mayor
Wilhelm Lepper 1933-1945
Philipp Schubert 1945-1960 From April 1945 honorary, from 1948 full-time mayor
Karl Kuhlmann 1960-1977 Last mayor before Hermannstein was incorporated

Mayor

Acting mayor is Karlheinz Schäfer (SPD). His deputies are Gerhard Richter (SPD) and Wilfried Feix (FW).

coat of arms

Coat of arms Hermannstein.svg

Blazon of the emblem of the place Hermannstein: divided by a silver shield free battlements oblique beams; above in blue a colorful Hessian lion head, below in red a silver mill wheel.

The coat of arms was awarded on March 20, 1972. The mill wheel is an indication of the oldest history. The place was called Mühlheim until the end of the 14th century and took its name from a mill. Red and silver were also the colors of the local Lesch von Mühlheim . The battlements are reminiscent of Hermannstein Castle . The lion's head shows that it belongs to Hesse.

Culture and sights

theatre

Since 2002, the Wetzlar Festival has been taking place every summer in the Hermannstein estate.

Buildings

Hermannstein Castle

Hermannstein Castle, built in the 14th century, was inhabited by members of the Schweinsberg family until the 18th century . After that, the castle, now uninhabited, increasingly fell into disrepair. On June 26, 1961, the castle was sold to Buderus by the zu Schweinsberg family. By 1965 the medieval building was restored and some apartments were furnished.

Paulskirche

The originally Catholic parish church, built from 1491 to 1492, was renamed Paulskirche in the course of the Reformation in the 16th century . It contains a valuable sandstone relief from 1492, which depicts the birth of Christ.

Rectory

The rectory was built in 1494 as a hermitage for beguines right next to the church.

Hermannstein Estate

The Hermannstein estate probably dates from the 12th century and is therefore older than the neighboring castle. In Mulenheim's time it belonged to Altenberg Monastery .

Town hall and bakery of the upper village

A council chamber is first mentioned in 1823. It was on the bakery in the upper village . Probably in 1884 the eastern stable was demolished and a staircase was added. From 1885 the council chamber was used as a school hall during the day. From 1930 to 1940 it served as the mayor's official residence.

Bakery of the lower village

The bakery in Dillstrasse was built before 1664. The baker's apartment was on the upper floor. The bakery is still used for baking today.

Cultural monuments

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Road traffic

The Wetzlarer Kreuz lies entirely in the area of ​​the Hermannstein district. It connects the federal motorways A 45 and A 480 and is the only motorway junction in Germany that is completely built in the elaborate " Maltese shape ".

The state road 3376 leads as "Hermannsteiner Straße" north-west to Aßlar . Landesstraße 3053 leads as "Blasbacher Straße" in a north-east direction to Blasbach and again as "Hermannsteiner Straße" in a south-east direction to Wetzlar-Niedergirmes .

Rail transport

The Dill route runs through Hermannstein for about one kilometer, but there is no stop. The next train stations are in Asslar and Wetzlar .

Public transport

Lines 007, 12, 13 and 415 of the Wetzlar city bus routes to Wetzlar, Aßlar and Blasbach run through Hermannstein . There are a total of nine stops in town.

air traffic

The distance to Frankfurt Airport is around 75 kilometers and to the regional airport Siegerland around 50 kilometers.

Public facilities

The town hall, the fire station of the Hermannstein volunteer fire brigade and the building pile north of the city of Wetzlar are located on Blasbacher Straße. In November 2010 the dialysis center Wetzlar Mitte was opened, in whose building there is also a specialist practice for cardiovascular and vascular diseases as well as a care competence center.

education

schools

School hall on the second floor of the bakery.
School in the Friedenstrasse.
New building for the Philipp Schubert School.

Hermannstein had his own school even before the Thirty Years War. In addition, the Hermannsteiners had the right to send their children to school in Wetzlar. This legal claim goes back to the donation of a piece of land to the Wetzlar school. Year-round schooling was introduced in 1780. For more than 250 years the school was run as a single class. In 1842 there were 105 students in Hermannstein, in 1858 one teacher taught all 142 students in two groups. In 1885 a second teaching post was set up to teach the 173 students. At the same time, the community had to set up a second school hall on the former bakery in Wetzlarer Straße. In 1897 a third teaching position was established.

The school building on Friedenstrasse was inaugurated on December 19, 1904. It was the fourth school building in Hermannstein's school history and was expanded in 1911.

From 1906 the school was divided into four classes, but it was not until 1911 that a fourth teaching position was created, which had to be temporarily canceled in 1936 due to falling student numbers. In 1927 a teacher was hired for the first time. The fifth and sixth teaching positions were established in 1947 and the seventh in 1949.

In 1950 two more classrooms were set up on the top floor of the school and in 1953 a new extension was opened. Seven classrooms were now available for eight school years.

In 1961 the Hermannstein / Blasbach school association was founded. From 1962 the upper school students from Blasbach were taught in Hermannstein. 1963 was the elementary school , a secondary school branch connected and 1964 (the newly built elementary and junior high school Mittelpunktschule , Hermannstein-Blasbach since 1966 Philipp Schubert School) was inaugurated. It comprised 17 classrooms with the associated specialist rooms, a multi-purpose room, an administration wing, the caretaker's apartment and a gym. From 1965, the Blasbach lower school students were also taught in Hermannstein.

From the school year 1968/69 the district of Wetzlar introduced comprehensive schools across the board . For Hermannstein this meant the conversion of the previous elementary and secondary school into a pure elementary school . The Philipp Schubert School has been a primary school since August 1, 1971.

A new school building was built between the communities of Hermannstein and Aßlar for grades 5 to 10, which were to be taught together with the Aßlar students . The first rooms of the eleventh comprehensive school in the Wetzlar district (Alexander von Humboldt School) could be occupied in 1972/73. Initially, however, grades 9 and 10 remained in Hermannstein. The Philipp Schubert School also ceded ten classrooms to the special school for people with learning disabilities in Wetzlar. In 1974 it became an independent special needs school , which in 1979 was named Erich Girolstein School after the founder of the special education system in Wetzlar.

In 1977 the sports hall built at the comprehensive school could also be inaugurated. Up until this point in time, the comprehensive school used the gymnasium of the Philipp Schubert School two days a week.

During renovation work at the Philipp-Schubert-Schule, deficiencies in the building fabric became apparent. As a result, concrete samples were taken and investigations were commissioned, which resulted in an immediate closure of the buildings on May 16, 2007 due to acute danger of collapse. With immediate effect, teachers and students were no longer allowed to enter their school building. The 170 students had to be distributed between Niedergirmes and Naunheim.

In November 2009, the new gym was inaugurated. On August 16, 2010, the new primary school was handed over to the students after three years and three months of construction. It has eight classrooms with a work room, an auditorium, a computer room, a library, four group and administration rooms and a central break room.

The students of the Erich Girolstein School were initially taught in containers and since August 2010 together with the students of the Pestalozzi School in Wetzlar in their building. The process of merging the two schools ended in February 2011 when they were renamed “Schule an der Brühlsbacher Warte”.

Day care centers

Hermannstein has three daycare centers (Regenbogenland, Mullewapp and Panama).

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the district

Personalities who worked in Hermannstein

literature

Web links

Commons : Hermannstein  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Hermannstein in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ District area ( memento from March 26, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) In: Website of the city of Wetzlar, accessed in March 2018 (PDF 111 KB)
  2. ↑ Population figures on December 31, 2017 ( Memento from March 27, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) In: Website of the city of Wetzlar, accessed in March 2018 (PDF 118 KB)
  3. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 120 f . ( Online at google books ).
  4. ^ Biedenkopf, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of November 4, 2010). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 380 .
  6. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Dill district, the districts of Gießen and Wetzlar and the city of Gießen (GVBl. II 330-28) of May 13, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 17 , p. 237 , § 1 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,3 MB ]).
  7. ↑ a b c d e Hermannstein, Lahn-Dill district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ The affiliation of the Königsberg office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  11. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 points 1 & 1 # 41 and 6b & 1 # 41 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  256 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 8th f., 428 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  266 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  15. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 420 ( online at Google Books ).
  16. ↑ Art. 14 of the peace treaty between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Prussia of September 3, 1866 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. pp. 406-407 )
  17. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories excluding the Meisenheim district of June 26, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1094–1103 )
  18. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 26th J. in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories, with the exclusion of the Oberamtsbezirks Meisenheim, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 218-220 )
  19. ↑ Ordinance regarding the establishment of local courts of July 26, 1878 ( PrGS 1878, pp. 275–283 )
  20. ^ Law on the amendment of district courts of June 22, 1902 ( PrGS 1902, pp. 227–228 )
  21. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  220 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  22. ↑ a b website of the city of Wetzlar (from web archive): 2005 ; 2006 ; 2009 ; 2012 ; 2015 ; 2017 Accessed January 2019.
  23. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  24. ↑ Resident population by religious affiliation 2017. In: Website. City of Wetzlar, archived from the original ; accessed in January 2019 .
  25. ^ Final result of the municipal elections on March 6, 2016, Hermannstein , City of Wetzlar . Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  26. ↑ Wetzlar Festival
  27. ↑ Kidney disease is prevented at www.mittelhessen.de. Retrieved on January 31, 2012. ( Memento from August 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  28. ↑ Construction defects 2007 Philipp Schubert School. Accessed December 2018.
  29. ↑ Brief portrait of the Turnverein Jahn 1909 Hermannstein e. V. Accessed November 21, 2011.
  30. ↑ Brief portrait of the Turnverein Jahn 1909 Hermannstein e. V. Accessed November 21, 2011.
  31. ↑ "Baptism" ends the merger process on www.schuster-wolfgang.de. Retrieved on November 21, 2011. ( Memento from January 4, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
  32. ↑ 300 worshipers want to hear DSDS finalist Vanessa at agentur-ruehl.de, accessed on November 22, 2011