Theodor Körner (writer)

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Portrait of Theodor Körner , painting by Dora Stock , 1814. Körner's signature:
Signature Theodor Körner (writer) .PNG

Carl Theodor Körner (born September 23, 1791 in Dresden , † August 26, 1813 in the Rosenow Forest near Lützow ) was a German writer and freedom fighter . Through his patriotic poems and his early death as a member of the Lützow Freikorps in the Wars of Liberation , he became a national leader. His most famous works include the poem Lützow's wild hunt and the lyre and sword collection .

Live and act

family

Garden house of the Körner family at Körnerweg 6 in Loschwitz

Carl Theodor Körner was born as the son of the Higher Appeal Court Councilor Christian Gottfried Körner on September 23, 1791 "in the evening 3/4 to 11 o'clock" in Dresden. His mother was Anna Maria Wilhelmine Jacobine Körner , daughter of the copper engraver Johann Michael Stock , with whom the young Goethe had learned to draw and etch. On October 2, 1791, he was baptized by court preacher Raschig in his parents' house on Kohlmarkt in Dresden Neustadt . Godparents were, among others, Dorothea von Kurland and Elisa von der Recke in Mitau. Theodor was closely connected with his sister Emma, ​​who was three years older than him. His father was a friend and supporter of Schiller , who lived with the Körners for a while.

The Körner family cultivated lively social, artistic and intellectual exchange. In addition to Schiller, there were close contacts to Goethe, Heinrich von Kleist , Count Friedrich Leopold von Geßler , Christoph Friedrich Nicolai , Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt , Novalis and the brothers August Wilhelm and Friedrich Schlegel . Like his father, Körner had musical talent. He had a talent for drawing like his mother and sister Emma, ​​who painted Theodor's last picture of him during his stay as a Lützower hunter in April 1813. Both later sang at the Zelterschen Liedertafel and Theodor in Vienna in Streicher's choir. He also mastered a number of instruments, but his favorite was the guitar.

Increasingly, his poetic talent made itself felt. Hardly any of Emma's friends were not poetically wooed by him: "To Augusten", "To Theresen", "To Henriette" are the titles of some of the poems.

studies

Sing-Akademie zu Berlin , painting by Eduard Gaertner , 1843

In 1808 he began his studies at the Bergakademie Freiberg and joined the then Landsmannschaft der Montanen, today's Corps Saxo-Montania . There he was promoted by the geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner . At first he was more interested in the practical side, drove underground in miner's clothing and felt connected to the mighty nature during his hard work. Later, however, he turned to the theoretical side. Frequent extended foot trips took him to Gnandstein Castle , from Dresden over the Elbe Sandstone Mountains to the Bohemian Central Mountains and the Giant Mountains . A copious selection of natural poems was the result. His first volume of poetry, Die Buds , was published by Göschen as early as 1810 .

In the summer of the same year he moved to the University of Leipzig , joined what was then the Thuringia Landsmannschaft and began to study history and philosophy . Körner's student life turned out to be wild, and when it came time to stand up to the noble coterie , he was always there. From 1810 to 1811 he served as senior of the Thuringia and was next to his friend Flemming, the senior of the Lusatia , leader of a fight against the " noble fencing society " at the university, which he accused of "wearing cuffs", but not having the courage to have. The country teams imposed the disrepute on the fencing company, which led to serious unrest and fights, in which the aristocratic side also used pistols. He was given eight days' jail on suspicion of being asked to duel . Due to the threat of relegation after another forbidden duel, Körner moved to Berlin in 1811 and attended lectures by Johann Gottlieb Fichte , Friedrich Schleiermacher and Barthold Georg Niebuhr . In Berlin he was one of the founders of the Corps Guestphalia I. He also sang in the Zelterschen Sing-Akademie zu Berlin and did gymnastics under Friedrich Ludwig Jahn and Friedrich Friesen .

An illness with fever made a longer stay in Karlsbad necessary. During this time, the relegation from all universities in a compact relationship with Leipzig took place , including Berlin. He wanted to go to Heidelberg, but the overly temperamental student was supposed to go to Vienna at his father's request.

At the Vienna Burgtheater

Theodor Körner's house at Köllnerhofgasse 3 in Vienna

In Vienna he had friendly contacts with people he knew from his parents' house, in particular with Wilhelm von Humboldt, but also with Friedrich Schlegel, his wife Dorothea and their son Philipp Veit . He lived at Köllnerhofgasse 3, where a plaque commemorates him. He found a friendly reception in the salon of Baroness Henriette von Pereira-Arnstein , daughter of Fanny von Arnstein , where he often recited his poems or some of the horror stories that were popular at the time. There he also got to know the poet Caroline Pichler .

At first he attended lectures, but his studies increasingly took a back seat to his dramatic work. Within a few months he had written several shorter plays, especially comedies, for the Burgtheater . Here he met the pretty and talented actress Antonie Adamberger , daughter of the late court singer Josef Valentin Adamberger, who was very much appreciated by Mozart . A deep passion seized him, and in 1812 they both became engaged.

In the summer of 1812, Körner wrote his greatest drama, the Zriny . The parallel between the Hungarian heroic struggle against the Turkish conquerors and the struggle for freedom against French rule was unmistakable (see Zrinski (noble family) ).

A brilliant career as a playwright seemed open to him, because he received employment contracts as a theater poet from both Prince Lobkowitz and Count Ferdinand Pálffy . Körner decided for the position at the Burgtheater and as such received the title of k. k. Court theater poet. In this way he also got to know Ludwig van Beethoven , for whom he designed the opera libretto Ulysses' Return in February 1813 . But in March 1813 he resigned when Prussia called his people to arms in the fight against Napoleon. When he traveled from Vienna to Breslau via Neustadt on March 18, 1813 , he saw a Prussian border eagle near Kunzendorf , which inspired him to write the poem Der Grenzadler . To mark the 100th anniversary of Körner's border crossing in the Kunzendorf forest near Neustadt (1913), a memorial post with a tin eagle and a plaque with the text of the poem Der Grenzadler was decided.

In the Lützow Freikorps

Half-portrait by Theodor Körner , pastel drawing by his sister Emma Körner , 1813
Theodor Körner, Friesen and Hartmann on outpost , oil painting by Georg Friedrich Kersting , 1815

Already a prominent poet, Körner joined the Lützow Freikorps , which was just being formed in Breslau , and met old friends such as Jahn and Friesen among the patriots enrolled there.

Körner, accustomed to tiring marches through previous days of wandering in Bohemia and Saxony, was initially assigned to the infantry, which took up quarters in Zobten in Silesia . Fresh up, you hunters, free and nimble, and he wrote other poems in quick succession, and his comrades were already singing them to familiar melodies. A chorale composed by him was heard for the blessing of the corps in the church in Rogau on March 27th. The following day the troops moved towards Saxony. This had already been occupied by allied troops. On April 6, the poet, who hurried ahead of his corps as march commissioner, reached Dresden and visited his family.

The Lützowers moved northwards via Leipzig, where the well-known poem Lützow's wild hunt was written on the Schneckenberg , and thus had no opportunity to take part in the fighting, which was mainly taking place further south. The thirsty poet, who had meanwhile been promoted to lieutenant, reported back home disgruntled: "Meanwhile I am sitting here on the Elbe and recognoscire, and find nothing, look over to Westphalia, and see nothing, load my pistols and shoot nothing." One of the poems he wrote there was consequently “discontent”. The further march north in support of the Wallmoden Corps ended when Hamburg was abandoned. Lützow turned south again.

On May 24th, the poet went over to the cavalry, hoping to find a job here that was sufficient for his thirst for action, and was promoted to Lützow's adjutant. In fact, there were now frequent skirmishes and attacks on smaller units of the enemy. In one stroke, Körner robbed the famous stud in Wendelstein of the unstrut of his horses. On June 8th and 9th, 1813, the Lützow hunters pitched their bivouac in Eichigt in the Saxon Vogtland on the hussar meadow next to the church; an attack on Hof in Upper Franconia was planned. While Lützow was hospitably received by Pastor Johann Christian Wirth , Körner was in the bivouac. For this reason, the linden tree standing in the meadow was given the name grain linden tree . It was only on June 9th that Lützow learned, at first only vaguely, of the armistice that had been concluded between the Allies and Napoleon, and it wasn't until the 14th that he was certain. According to the regulations, the corps should have been on Prussian soil two days earlier. Instead of moving to neutral Bohemia, which was only a few hours away, Lützow had the Freischar march north via Gera and Zeitz, albeit with Saxon commissioners to be on the safe side.

On June 17, 1813, the Lützow family moved into their camp near Kitzen (southwest of Leipzig). Württemberg troops under General Normann opposed them. The latter assured Lützow, who had ridden ahead with Körner, that he had no hostile intentions, and otherwise referred to the commanding French General Fournier . The latter, however, hurled at them: «L'armistice pour tout le monde, excepté pour vous! “The attack by the enemy cavalry caught the Lützow by surprise, they were downright knocked down by the superior force. Körner received a saber cut over the head. Severely wounded, he managed to get to Großzschocher , where he hid in a wood. Close to death, he wrote the sonnet “Farewell to Life”, the first quartet of which reads:

The wound burns, the pale lips tremble.
I feel it in the dull beating of my heart,
Here I stand by the marks of my days.
God, as you will, I surrendered to you.

Farmers who were supposed to guard the wood to repair the Elster weir found the poet and took him to the nearby Großzschocher estate gardener. After one night, with the help of the friend of the Körner family, Kunze, he was taken by water to the doctor, Dr. Wendler, in Leipzig, where he was cared for. The scattered Lützowers, nicknamed “brigands noirs” by Napoleon for their black uniforms, were still being hunted down.

When he had stabilized somewhat, he was conducted from friend to friend to Karlsbad. He also spent a night with his foster sister Julie von Einsiedel at Gnandstein Castle . In Karlsbad he was looked after by his godmother Elise von der Recke . There was no reunion with his parents, who were staying nearby in Teplitz, in order to spare his suffering mother.

On the way to his corps, Körner was a guest of his godfather Count von Geßler in Reichenbach, where he met Freiherr vom Stein , Arndt , Blücher and Gneisenau . Via Berlin he got to his troops now fighting in northern Germany, which had lost their independence and had been assigned to the Wallmoden corps. Small forays were continually being carried out again. Körner spent the evening of August 25th with a group of patrols under Lützow on the manor for a divine gift . He is said to have sat here at the piano and performed the "sword song" composed two days earlier.

In the second hour of the morning of August 26, 1813, an enemy transport was reported and an attack was quickly planned. In the following battle, which took place in the forest of Rosenow near Gadebusch , Theodor Körner fell. The fatal bullet came from a German shooter who came from Biebern in the Hunsrück . Körner was buried in the village of Wöbbelin under the later Theodor-Körner-Oak , where in 1815 his sister Emma and in 1831 his father Christian Gottfried Körner also found their final resting place.

reception

Theodor Körner Monument in Dresden

Körner's partly stormy, partly soulful poetry corresponded to the romantic and patriotic attitude of the people in a war- ready attitude of the people in a Germany that had long been fragmented into many individual states even after the wars of liberation . His death as a Lützower hunter raised him to an exemplary figure. The credible correspondence between poetry and life recommended Körnern's works for the curriculum of the German Confederation of 1815 and the German Empire of 1871. His poems from his book Lyre and Sword became a model for later war poetry. Lützow's wild hunt for Körner's text in Carl Maria von Weber's dramatic, lively setting is still a popular showpiece among German-speaking male choirs to this day .

Theodor Körner was captured by the National Socialists for propaganda purposes . The area around the grave site of the Körner family in Wöbbelin was converted into an "honor grove" for rallies and parades in 1938. The line “The people stand up, the storm breaks loose” from Körner's poem Men and Boys (1813) was changed by Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels to the phrase “Well people, stand up, and storm, break loose!” For the 1943 Sports Palace speech . But the resistance against National Socialism also referred to Theodor Körner. In the sixth leaflet of the White Rose in 1943 , Kurt Huber quoted the first line from Körner's appeal (1813): “Fresh up, my people! The flame signs are smoking. "

After 1945, Körner was largely forgotten in the Federal Republic of Germany, but in the GDR he was revered as the “hero of the German nation and singer for a unified and free Germany”. Marlene Dietrich chose the line “Here I stand on the stamps of my days” from Körner's sonnet Farewell to Life (1813) as an inscription for her tombstone in Berlin. In the 21st century, right-wing extremists slip him lines that he has never written, such as “Well people, stand up and storm, break loose!” Or “You are still sitting up there, you cowardly figures, / paid by the enemy and ridiculed to the people. / But one day justice will rule again, / then the people will judge and God will have mercy on you. "

Commemoration

Obelisk at the place of death in the Rosenow Forest
Tomb at the Theodor-Körner-Museum in Wöbbelin

In numerous cities, streets, squares and facilities are named after Theodor Körner.

Museums

  • Körner Museum of the Municipal Collections in Dresden , destroyed in 1945
  • Körner Museum in Wöbbelin near Schwerin. The memorial and memorial also reminds of Theodor Körner and the former Reiherhorst concentration camp .
  • Körner house in Großzschocher, where Körner was hidden from the French for one night (built 1734/35) with a memorial plaque to the poet (attached in 1865), since 2000 restoration by the community and support association "Körnerhaus Großzschocher" as a club house, museum and Archive of the history of the Lützower Freikorps

In art

  • Statue in Bremen by sculptor Johann Andreas Deneys , unveiled on November 26, 1865
  • Statue in Dresden by the sculptor Ernst Hähnel , unveiled on October 18, 1871 (anniversary of the Battle of Leipzig )
  • Statue in Chemnitz by sculptor Heinrich Epler , unveiled on October 18, 1901 (dismantled and destroyed in 1946)
  • Statue in Breslau by sculptor Alexander Kraumann , unveiled on August 26, 1913 (destroyed)
  • Schiller-Körner monument in Dresden- Loschwitz , 1912–1913 by sculptor Oskar Rassau and architect Martin Pietzsch
  • Körner-Kreuz on the Harrasfelsen near Braunsdorf , erected in 1864
  • Körner monument on Körnerstrasse in Frankfurt am Main
  • Körner memorial in (Wuppertal-) Barmen (destroyed in air raids in World War II)
  • Körner-Stein in the Elsteraue in the forest "Die Schönen" near Großzschocher , where Körner was found after being wounded near Kitzen (built in 1913)
  • Körner-Stein on the Zanzenberg in Dornbirn
  • Körner memorial plaque at the opera house in Leipzig (at the back to the swan pond )
  • Memorial stone in Leipzig, which is attached to the house of Dr. Wendler remembers
  • Memorial plaque on the former manor house in Kahnsdorf
  • Memorial stone to the right of the entrance to Gnandstein Castle
  • Körner relief next to the church in Frankenberg / Sa. , created 1913/2002
  • Memorial stone in Eichigt , erected in 2003
  • Memorial stone on the state crown near Görlitz
  • Körner memorial stone near fawns
  • Körner Memorial in Kitzen
  • Memorial stone in Plau am See (no longer exists)
  • Memorial stone on the St. Anne's Cemetery in Dannenberg (Elbe)
  • Memorial plaque on the Untermarkt in Freiberg
  • Memorial plaque at the Kirnitzschtalklinik in Bad Schandau
  • Körner bust in Wöbbelin, 1879 by the sculptor Hermann Hultzsch
  • Körner grave in Wöbbelin, 1814 based on a design by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer (Dresden) and his father Körner
  • Körner stele and memorial stone at the place of death Körners in the forest near Rosenow , relief 1913 by sculptor Wilhelm Wandschneider
  • Körner bust in the Körner House at Körnerplatz 16 in Chemnitz
  • Körner monument in Asch (Bohemia) , built in 1913 (now the Czech Republic )
  • Körner memorial at Döblinger Hauptstrasse 83 in Vienna , where Körner lived in the summer of 1812 (memorial plaque of the original building lost)
  • Körner stele in the forest cemetery in Marschendorf (Horní Máršov), Freiheit an der Aupa (Giant Mountains), erected in 1913
  • Körner monument on the Smrk (table spruce in the Jizera Mountains, erected in 1909), renewed bronze cast of the portrait created by sculptor Juliana-Jaksch-Neuwinger in Vienna around 1914, on the 200th anniversary of his death on September 21, 2013 by Peter M. Wöllner, CiS systems sro, Nové Mesto pod Smrkem attached
  • Körner monument in the park of the Villa Klinger in Neustadt an der Tafelfichte (Nové Mesto pod Smrkem), copy of the bronze created by the sculptor Juliana Jaksch-Neuwinger around 1914, which was intended for the table spruce
  • Körner monument in Ober-Tannwald (Jizera Mountains); Körner hiked the Jizera Mountains when he was a student in Freiberg.
  • Grain relief (larger than life) on the hollow stone (Dutý kámen) in northern Bohemia
  • Memorial plaque on Domstrasse 18 in Ratzeburg , where Theodor Körner wrote his last letter
  • Memorial plaque on the house at Schweidnitzer Straße 5 (ul. Świdnicka) in Zobten

In the nature

Works by Theodor Körner (selection)

First stanza of Lützow's wild hunt on a stamp pad of the Deutsche Bundespost on the occasion of Theodor Körner's 200th birthday

Poems

Dramas

  • Die Blumen (A play in verse) (first dramatic attempt, made in Vienna in 1812 or earlier)
  • The fight with the dragon (Singspiel, 1811)
  • The fisher girl, or: hatred and love (lyric drama, 1811, music: Carl Steinacker )
  • The Bride (Comedy in Alexandrians, 1811)
  • The green domino (comedy in Alexandrians, 1811)
  • The night watchman (Posse in Versen, 1812)
  • The cousin from Bremen (A game in verse, 1812)
  • Toni (drama, 1812, music: Carl Steinacker)
  • The Atonement (Drama, 1812)
  • Rosamunde (drama, 1812)
  • Hedwig (drama, 1812)
  • Zriny (drama, 1812)
  • The four-year-old post (Singspiel, 1812, set to music by Carl Steinacker and Franz Schubert , among others)
  • The governess (Posse, 1813)
  • Joseph Heyderich or German Loyalty (Tragedy, 1813)
  • Die Bergknappen (Romantic Opera)
  • Alfred the Great (opera, set to music by Antonín Dvořák , among others )
  • Brinn (tragedy, 1896)

stories

  • The trip to Schandau (A story in letters, 1810)
  • Die Reise nach Wörlitz (A story based on six given chapter headings, 1810)
  • Woldemar (A story from the Italian campaign of 1805)
  • Hans Heiling's Felsen (A Bohemian Folk Tale, 1811)
  • The Harp (A Contribution to Belief in Spirits, 1811)

Works about Theodor Körner

Movies

Radio plays

  • 1924: The cousin from Bremen. A game in verse - Director: Not specified ( NORAG )
  • 1925: The Atonement - Director: Alarich Lichtweiß ( WEFAG )
  • 1925: The Atonement - Director: Not specified ( Schlesische Funkstunde AG )
  • 1925: The Night Watchman - Director: Not specified (Schlesische Funkstunde AG)
  • 1925: The cousin from Bremen - Director: Alfred Braun ( Funk-Hour AG (Berlin), youth stage )
  • 1925: The Night Watchman - Director: Alfred Braun (Funk-Stunden AG (Berlin), youth stage)
  • 1925: The Night Watchman - Director: Kurt Lesing ( ORAG )
  • 1925: The night watchman; The cousin from Bremen (Theodor Körner evening) - Director: Karl Köstlin ( SÜRAG )
  • 1925: Der Vetter from Bremen - Director: Not specified (WEFAG, youth stage)
  • 1925: Zriny - Director: Not specified (WEFAG, youth stage)
  • 1926: The Atonement - Director: Not specified (ORAG)
  • 1927: The Night Watchman - Director: Karl Pündter (NORAG, Kleinstadt-Komödien)
  • 1927: The cousin from Bremen - Director: Karl Pündter (NORAG, Kleinstadt-Komödien)

Fiction

  • Klaus Back: lyre and sword. A historical-biographical story about Theodor Körner. Berlin: Rütten and Loening (1956).
  • Klaus Ekkehart: Ride to Germany. A story about Theodor Körner. Stuttgart: Union Dt. Verl.-Ges. 1938.
  • Erich Gower: Theodor Körner. Patriotic game in 4 record. Mühlhausen: Danner (1934).
  • Klara Hofer: The last year. A novel about Theodor Körner. Berlin: Ullstein (1936).
  • Hans Löwe: singer and hero. A story from the life of Theodor Körner. (Berlin): Verl. D. Nation (1953). (Small National Library; 3)
  • Martin Pfeifer: Theodor Körner. Mühlhausen: Danner (1926) (= patriotic performances; 18)
  • Wolfgang Walter Pueschel: The singer of the Black Freischar. A story about Theodor Körner. (Berlin): Verl. Neues Leben 1954.
  • Hans Reh: Aufbruch 1813. Theodor Körner, the singer and hero. Patriotic folk game in 3 parts. Langensalza et al .: Beltz (1934) (= From German literature and German culture; 454/455)
  • Ulrich Völkel: With lyre and sword. A novel about Theodor Körner. Berlin: Verlag der Nation 1983.

literature

  • Emil Peschel: On Theodor Körner's hundredth birthday. , in: The gazebo. Illustrated family sheet. Year 1891, pp. 637–640. With portraits of Körner and those of his parents as a wood engraving, p. 629, a poem “Theodor Körner” by Carl Hecker and 9 illustrations in the text.
  • Karl Berger: Theodor Koerner. Bielefeld 1912
  • Hartmut Brun : Theodor Körner and the war on the Lower Elbe. Memorials and memorials Wöbbelin - Theodor-Körner-Gedenkstätte (1991)
  • Hans-Wolf Jäger :  Körner, Theodor. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 378 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Erhard Jöst : The heroic death of the poet Theodor Körner. The influence of a myth on the reception of a lyric and its literary criticism . In: Orbis litterarum 32 (1977), pp. 310-340
  • Erhard Jöst: The poet as an idol. On the bicentenary of the birth of Theodor Körner (September 23, 1991). In: Der Deutschunterricht, issue 4/1991, pp. 90–99
  • Erhard Jöst: "Art demands a fatherland". Theodor Körner and the mode of action of patriotic literature . Brochure, ed. from the memorial work project group in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Schwerin 1997
  • Erhard Jöst: "Don't cry for me, envy my happiness!" The memory of Theodor Körner and the importance of his poetry . In: Austria in History and Literature, Issue 4–5, 2002, pp. 295–308
  • Erhard Jöst: “Fatherland! We want to die to you! ”Theodor Körner: poet, freedom fighter, patriot and idol. In: Einst und Jetzt Volume 58 (2013), pp. 13–48
  • Erhard Jöst: sacrificial death for the fatherland. The literary agitator Theodor Körner. In: Poetry and Truth. Yearbook “War and Literature” XXI / 2015, pp. 7–46
  • Adolf Kohut: Theodor Körner: His life and his poems: A secular script based on the best and most reliable sources, Berlin 1890
  • Fritz Löffler : Theodor Körner. Poet and freedom hero. Dresden: Heimatwerk Sachsen, v.-Baensch-Stiftung 1938. (= Great Saxons - servants of the empire; 9)
  • Emil Peschel , Eugen Wildenow: Theodor Körner and his people . Leipzig 1898
  • Emil Peschel, Eugen Wildenow: Theodor Körner and his people. Second volume . Leipzig 1898
  • Emil Peschel: Körner Bibliography: On Sept. 23, 1891, the 100th year. Birthdays of Theodor Körner zsgest . Leipzig 1891.
  • Albert Portmann-Tinguely: Romanticism and War. An investigation into the image of war among German romantics and "freedom singers". Adam Müller, Joseph Görres, Friedrich Schlegel, Achim von Arnim, Max von Schenkendorf and Theodor Körner. Freiburg, Switzerland: Univ.-Verl. 1989. (= historical writings of the University of Freiburg; 12), ISBN 3-7278-0634-6
  • Oskar F. Scheuer: Theodor Körner as a student. Bonn 1924
  • Maximilian Schmitz-Mancy: Explanations of Körner's 'Zriny'. Paderborn: Schöningh (1916) (= Schöningh's explanatory writings on German and foreign writers; 25)
  • Till Gerrit Waidelich: Theodor Körner's four-year post as a libretto "in the manner of a finale" for 21 operas, report on the International Schubert Congress Duisburg 1997 Franz Schubert - Work and Reception Part II: Stage and orchestral works, chamber and piano music (Schubert yearbook 1998), Duisburg Kassel 2000, pp. 57-77
  • Ernst Weber: The war and the poets. Theodor Körner's war poetry and its reception in the context of the reform-political bellicism of liberation war poetry. In: The rebirth of war from the spirit of the revolution, ed. v. Johannes Kunisch and Herfried Münkler, Berlin 1999, pp. 285-325
  • Heinrich Weber: Theodor Körner as Freiberg Montane, Leipzig Thuringian and Berlin Westphale. In: Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 4 (1959), pp. 5-41.
  • Artur Wenke: Theodor Körner. A life as a poet and hero. Dresden 1913
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Körner, Karl Theodor . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 12th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1864, pp. 243–265 ( digitized version ).
  • Albert Zipper: Theodor Körner. Leipzig 1900. (= poet biographies; 4)
  • Frank Bauer: Carl Theodor Körner. Poet-Patriot-Freedom Fighters (Small series History of the Wars of Liberation 1813–1815, SH 10 (double issue)), Altenburg 2017.

Web links

Commons : Theodor Körner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Theodor Körner  - Quotes
Wikisource: Theodor Körner  - Sources and full texts

Remarks

  1. ↑ Brockhaus Encyclopedia . 21st edition. tape 15 . FA Brockhaus Verlag, Leipzig / Mannheim 2006, p. 571 .
  2. ↑ to ancestors: Blanckmeister: Theodor Körners ancestors. In: Dresden history sheets. 1894, No. 3, p.141
  3. ↑ R. Fick (Ed.): On Germany's high schools - An illustrated cultural-historical consideration of the German higher education and student system . Hans Ludwig Thilo, Berlin 1900, p. 270 .
  4. ↑ Kösener Korps-Lists 1910, 155, 6; 7, 1
  5. ↑ Erich Bauer: News on the history of old suspended corps: On the history and existence of Guestphalia I in Berlin (May 21, 1810 - 1821) . In: then and now. Yearbook of the Association for Corporate Student History Research 9 (1964), p. 108.
  6. ^ Theodor Körner: Zriny . Leipzig 1814, ISBN 3-628-44628-7 .
  7. ↑ Klaus Martin Kopitz , Rainer Cadenbach (ed.) And others: Beethoven from the point of view of his contemporaries in diaries, letters, poems and memories. Volume 1: Adamberger - Kuffner. Edited by the Beethoven Research Center at the Berlin University of the Arts. Henle, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-87328-120-2 , pp. 518-520.
  8. ↑ Andrzej Dereń: Tygodnik prudnicki - Prusko-austriacki kamień graniczny z Lasu Trzebińskiego. March 21, 2007, accessed December 20, 2020 (Polish).
  9. ↑ "The armistice applies to everyone, but not to you!"
  10. ↑ Burg Gnandstein , Little Art Guide No. 1979, Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 1992, p. 37
  11. ↑ Lützow (Th.-Körner-Denkmal) @ denkmalprojekt.org, accessed on November 6, 2014
  12. ↑ on the place of death see z. B. The German war in 1813. after Austria's accession: 1. Tent room. K. Napoleon's attacks on the allies. Verlag KA Hartleben, Leipzig 1814, pp. 209f. ; as well as “The post road from Gadebusch to Schwerin led via Rosenow and Rosenberg (now part of Brüsewitz ) and between the latter two had places half an hour apart on the greater half of free arable fields; closer to Rosenberg, however, there was a fir forest on the right side of the road ... ”after Theodor Körner's death and death site. 1861 (Wikisource)
  13. ↑ The exact circumstances of death are unclear. See: Arnulf Krause : The struggle for freedom. The Napoleonic Wars of Liberation in Germany . Theiss, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-8062-2498-6 , pp. 247f., See also Jöst (literature)
  14. ↑ Hunsrückverein e. V. (Ed.): Yearbook 2013 with hiking plan. Herrstein 2013. p. 94 ff.
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Jacobeit : On the redesign of the memorials and memorials Wöbbelin near Ludwigslust. In: Gedenkstättenrundbrief 84, pp. 8-18
  16. ^ Theodor Körner: Leyer and Schwerdt. Nicolai, Berlin 1814, p. 78 ff. In: German Text Archive ( digitized version )
  17. ^ White Rose Foundation eV : VI. White Rose Leaflet
  18. ^ Theodor Körner: Leyer and Schwerdt. Nicolai, Berlin 1814, p. 65. In: German Text Archive ( digitized version )
  19. ↑ QUOTE RESEARCH: grains
personal data
SURNAME Körner, Theodor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Körner, Carl Theodor (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet
BIRTH DATE September 23, 1791
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH August 26, 1813
PLACE OF DEATH Forst Rosenow