Cultural history of the Panke
The cultural history of the Panke includes the cultural-historical aspects of the Panke , a small river in Brandenburg and Berlin . In addition to the Dahme and the Wuhle , it is a well-known Berlin tributary of the Spree . The Panke has a length of 29 kilometers, of which 20.2 kilometers are in Berlin's urban area. Its catchment area is 198.3 km², of which 46.8 km² is in Berlin. The Brandenburg municipality of Panketal and the district of Pankow in the Berlin district of the same name are named after her.
For the area from Bernau to Berlin north of the Spree, the Panke has an important role in the history of settlement . The origin of Berlin lies near its mouth on the right bank of the Spree. The space between the older Bernau and Berlin has been related to the development of the city since the town was founded. Due to the Prussian capital, the Panke was next to the Spree a symbol of the "city of Berlin" and also for the places in Barnim. The urbanization and industrial development of the metropolis of Berlin brought many disadvantages for the river. In the course of the 20th century, efforts to improve the quality of life along rivers increased. The Panke in the Berlin metropolitan region is an example of this.
For many artists in the 19th and 20th centuries, the river marked their hometown and it was often written about and sung about. For the growing metropolis and its surroundings, in addition to the Spree, the Panke in particular became a symbol and reflection.
“[...] the Panke [was] a river of the common people in the 19th century. Its banks were inhabited by craftsmen, millers and tanners, especially in Wedding. […] There were eight mills and 23 tanneries in the Weddinger course of the Panke. 500 buckets of dog droppings were used daily to process the leather. No wonder that the 29 kilometer long Panke, which rises near Bernau and flows into the Spree in Mitte, was popularly known as Stinke-Panke . Numerous industrial buildings such as the fulling mill on Badstrasse , built in 1714, are still reminiscent of this section of Panke's history. "
history
Early and Middle Ages
The areas were settled in the Mesolithic (8000–6000 BC) by hunters and gatherers , they wandered around and left traces on the river banks with flint tools , deer antler axes and bone tips. The local forest areas, consisting of mixed oak forest with linden , elm , hazel , pine and birch trees were populated by elk , red deer , aurochs , bison , wild boar , brown bears , wolves and wild horses . In the Neolithic (3000–1800 BC) farmers settled there and cultivated wheat varieties on the sandy plateaus . Finds of several cultures have been excavated in the area. The presence is documented by graves and ceramic finds. The farmers needed water for their permanent settlements, the alluvial forests were pushed back for meadows and arable land ; livestock keeping the pastures , the plow clearing the arable land . In the transition to the Bronze Age and the older Bronze Age, however, the population density decreased again in large parts of northern Germany . One reason could be that livestock farming increased at the expense of arable farming . Only in the younger Bronze Age with the intensification of agriculture through better methods did the population increase again. Teltow, Barnim and the glacial valley were settled along the watercourses. The Panke provided water for the settlers.
From the pre-Roman Iron Age (800 BC to the year 0), the Berlin area appears to be only sparsely populated. This assumption is supported by the finds of graves. The hoard finds suggest that due to climate changes only the high-lying, flood-free valley sand peaks are inhabited. In the following Roman imperial period , however, the settlement must have increased again, there were numerous finds of Roman coins and objects. The settlements are evidence of a rural culture, for which hunting and fishing were less important. Burgundians and Semnones immigrate to the settlement area . In the sixth and seventh centuries there must have been some homesteads of wealthy peasants on the edges of the Barnim, as can be seen from the richly furnished body graves, also in Rosenthal . In the later years up to the beginning of the Ascanian period, the Spree Slavs settled in the shelter of the castles Poztumpi , Spandow and Köpenick . Half of these covered their needs with agriculture and animal husbandry and the other half with hunting. The defeat of Jacza by Albrecht the Bear encouraged the influx of German farmers. Under the protection of the Ascanian castles under the Margraves Johann I and Otto III. they also settled on the Barnim.
In the old writings one finds the evidence that the Panke carried more water in earlier years. Especially in spring when the snow melted, the water flow was plentiful. In 1361 “according to legend” the knight Count Udo von der Split Klaue “drowned in his armor in the pank”. At this point on the watercourse of the 2010s, it is difficult to imagine that someone could drown.
The Bernau settlement was built in the 11th century on the higher Diluvial plate . The swamp area with the source streams of the Panke, which stretched south to northeast around the city, was inaccessible in the 14th century. When the enemy threatened, it even became insurmountable by damming the Panke. At the lower reaches of the Panke, with the comparatively low gradient of the Panke, a high water level in the Havel over the backwater in the Spree could also hinder the outflow of the Panke. Settlement has changed the course of the river since at least the 13th century, especially from the middle of the 18th century. By weirs and mills , land clearing and straightening of the natural Panke run was changed. The river had to follow people's needs. Within 700 years a canal with a rectangular flow was machined and walled in from the swirling stream . In the Middle Ages, the Panke was crossed at fords at the same level . The Bernauer Heerstraße , the medieval link from Spandau to Stettin, was transferred in 1317 to the village Bernau, against payment of a drive-through customs at the Bernauer magistrate crossed merchants and travelers at the Bernauer ford the Panke. Over 90 bridges of various sizes connect the fortified, populated and cultivated banks.
From Pankow to a width of four to seven meters throughout, the Panke has a water depth of around 30-40 centimeters at medium level. Only a few inflows - probably for rainwater - can be found on the canal walls. Until the 1960s, sewage in the sewage field area and in the urban area brought the pollution load , since then it has been the discharge of rainwater with road dirt and rubber abrasion . At the bottom of the brook there are hardly any crossing obstacles where the water could ripple to absorb oxygen when it swirls . Small organisms could break down pollutants with atmospheric oxygen . Heavy metals deposited in the bed in the first half of the 20th century are slowly being mobilized again according to the investigation reports and discharged through the Spree and Havel into the Elbe.
Settlement area
Settlement
Along the course of the river, in the Buch area, there are twelve Stone Age settlement sites and two grave fields from the Young Bronze Age, and eight sites from the Roman Imperial Era attest to an era in which settlement increased on the higher areas of the Barnim. Several settlement sites have been found in Zepernick, and considerable archaeological finds have been made from the first to third centuries of our era. Germanic tribes settled until the fourth century, and as a result of the great migration , Slavs, the Sprewans , came to the area. German colonization began under Heinrich I in 929, but it stalled with the Slav uprising. However, the local area was relatively deserted.
With the crusades against the Slavic pagans came an influx from across the Elbe into the area of the Polabians and Sprewanen . Albrecht the Bear (from Ballenstedt ) had villages built in the Panke Valley as part of his colonization policy . A patch of Wedding is occupied on the course of the Panke, when on May 22nd, 1251 the Margrave confirmed the change of ownership of the "Mühle an der Panke" from the knight Fridericus de Chare to the nuns of the Benedictine monastery in Spandau. The villages of Zepernick and Schwanebeck were established around 1230, and at that time the village of Buch as well. Not far from the source, the origins of the city of Bernau arose on a glacial sand surface. At the mouth of the Panke, Berlin and its neighboring settlement of Cölln came into being. In 1987 Berlin celebrated its 750th anniversary.
At first, Bernau was protected by a palisade fence and the Panke flowed through the city. When the "Bernauer Heerstraße" was moved into the city in 1317, the customs at a ford through the Panke (for example on the "Viehtrift" street) provided a good income for the magistrate. In the 15th century, Bernau reinforced the city fortifications with a triple wall and ditch system that was fed by the Pankewater. The city wall is still there, but the trenches are dry.
The course of the Panke safely promoted settlements on the higher-lying ice age dunes in the Panke Valley, and the settlers used the water of the Panke. A Panke mill already existed in the 13th century.
Watermills
What is remarkable compared to its modern appearance is the medieval use of the Panke by water mills. With the respective mill damming, these influenced the groundwater level and mud formation. Nine water mills were counted on the Panke.
- The former watermill in Pankow, the one in Gesundbrunnen and the documentary mention of the mill in Wedding from 1251 should be mentioned.
- A flour mill with two water wheels and an oil tamper had stood in the castle park of Buch since 1375 .
- The Pankower mill was built in 1542 and had three undershot water wheels, some 60 workers were employed. It was damaged several times by floods because it was not blocked by a mill . In 1830 two laid paper were operated by the paper mill . Mill operations were stopped due to flood damage. In 1854 the mill was converted into a manor house. So the space was kept for a summer restaurant in the Bürgerpark.
- In 1610 a grist mill was built southwest of Bernau. It suffered from a lack of water and was also operated as a windmill . When it fell into disrepair in 1888, the mill was demolished.
- In 1662 there was a paper mill on the premises of the Berlin Charité.
- In the vicinity (→ Platz in front of the New Gate) a grinding and polishing mill was built in 1700 , which in 1779 became the Toback Mill and from 1804 belonged to the “ Royal Iron Foundry ”.
- In 1732 a fulling mill was put into operation in Niederschönhausen, which was converted into a paper mill in 1731. A tale and grinding mill was added. This mill burned down in 1794, but was rebuilt as a grinding mill in 1805 and existed until 1891.
According to the deed of ownership from 1251, the mill on Badstrasse was transferred to the Benedictine monastery in Spandau by the knight Fridericus de Chare as "Mühle an der Panke" . Milling by the nunnery was stopped in 1540 when the monastery was secularized during the Reformation . It was not until 1710 that the mill was used again as a paper mill and until 1748 it had the sole right to collect rags in Berlin . Paper processing was given up in 1750 and the mill was set up as a fulling mill for leather processing . In 1891 the weir was built to regulate the Panke and the mill operation was finally stopped.
The Gesundbrunnenmühle near Brunnenstrasse was created as a Lohmühle . For the 750th anniversary of Berlin, there should be a mill in a meadow landscape. However, only a stylized water wheel painted on the house wall remains from the idea of renaturation.
Fishing
An economic form of earlier years was fishing in the Panke: wolffish , perch , lead , bleak and querder (young form of the lamprey ). In 1909, Polish earthworkers dug up burns and broken glass in the village of Buch while building the hospitals. A Bronze Age settlement with 80 houses testifies that the abundance of water and fish in the Panke in the Buch basin offered settlement space as early as 4000 years ago. Around 1880 there were still pike of 5 pounds, trout of 1 1 ⁄ 2 pounds in the panke. According to tradition, a lot of trout and pike, weighing five pounds, swam in the panke. “It was possible to use the Panke for fishing until the autumn of 1890, when Schloßmüller's in Buch pulled the last pike out of the Panke. A year later there were no more fish to be seen. Only the boys were still walking along the banks and catching sticklebacks and fire salamanders. ”The trout is an indicator fish for clean and bubbling water. In 1900 the Panke was still considered an angler's paradise. 100 years later there is a message from an angler on the Internet that he is amazed to see "fish that can be caught".
Regulation and canalization of the river and its use as a sewage drain pushed the fish population back. Only sticklebacks lived and survive in the Panke. The latest water protection measures have improved the water quality and tench can be fished again.
A warning against fishing in the Panke at the beginning of the 20th century can be found in the Song of Fishing :
In Halensee, in Schlachtensee,
and on the Oberspree.
Even on the Krumme Lanke, but
never on the Panke.
Otherwise you will catch a spick room in no time
and an old shoe.
And if you are lucky, you will catch another man.
“The Panke was a trout stream until 1910, and in 1965 the last barbel was caught. [...] The Panke was forced into a rectangular corset. All the flat areas on the bank have disappeared; today there are steep concrete walls. [...] The banks of the Panke could be made flatter, the weir to the north harbor removed so that the fish could pass through, [...] The costs for each body of water are around 20 to 30 million euros. "
Fruit and vegetable growing
One of the oldest settlement areas in Wedding is around Wiesenstrasse , which belongs to the Gesundbrunnen district. In the domain of the Mühlenhof office , this was responsible for supplying the Prussian court. There were forests for wood and meadows for keeping animals. In 1782, King Friedrich II allocated agricultural land to colonists from Ansbach, and the “Neu-Wedding” colony was established. The location in the immediate vicinity of the Panke was indispensable for the water supply for the fruit and vegetable cultivation required by the king to supply the city of Berlin.
In the course of the expansion of urban forms of settlement ( urbanization ), remaining areas were made available for inner-city residents as allotment gardens, which started a nature-related use along the Pankelauf from the 1870s. Fruit and vegetable cultivation has been practiced in the allotment gardens along the Panke from Bernau to Gesundbrunnen since the 20th century.
urbanization
Commercial and industrial settlement
Berlin at the mouth of the Panke is the capital of Prussia. The margraves are based on the Spree and Panke, which has made the region more important. In the 18th and 19th centuries the population increased. Due to the increasing settlement in Wedding (on the Pankeseite of the Spree) the building density increased and the industry increased. The tenements reached the inner-city bank of the Panke. At the end of the 19th century the Panke was walled in, and the trade along the Panke increased. Created 120 years ago at the Panke tanneries and dye works . From 30 tanneries with their chrome-containing wastewater, from bone boilers with fat and meat residues, the wastewater flowed untreated into the Panke and polluted the “smell” on the river with stinking gases. 500 buckets of dog droppings were used for tanning every day. With the steam engine, industry came to the Panke. Although there were requirements for the primary treatment of the wastewater, the direct location on the Panke, the pursuit of profit and the price pressure on the market for ice cream and saffiano leather set different economic requirements, felt and hat factories pollute with the wastewater. In 1882 seven white, five saffiano, ten glacé leather and one tannery, plus four glue factories, a gut silk factory, a bone factory, two paper factories and a mill are named. The wastewater from the many small craft and commercial enterprises ran back into the river uncleared.
The royal iron foundry was built near Invalidenstrasse and the amount of water required could be taken from the Panke. A water drainage facility north of Invalidenstrasse was created for the supply needed for short periods of time. This is mentioned by Helling on page 79 in his pocket book from Berlin 1830: “Eisengießerei, Königliche, Invalidenstrasse 92, was founded in 1804 by Minister v. Speeches laid out on the site of the grinding and paper mill that was built here on the Panke in 1702. It is now the most important and most worth seeing factory in Berlin, because here both the largest objects, bridges, statues, monuments, as well as the smallest and finest jewelry, objects of 40 ctr. up to 3 ⁄ 16 Loth the piece. It delivers 10-12,000 ctrs annually. Cast goods. To see it, please contact the hut inspector there. It stands under the Oberbergamt and has 5 administrative officials and 4 academical artists among its many works officials. "
“Berlin N. has its own river, the Panke, a mysterious body of water, now open, now hidden, now as a sanded-up vein with green bushes, now a black throat that drifts between dirty house walls in eternal darkness and breathes a scent that itself could raise concerns in the most determined suicide. "
In the lower reaches of the Panke was navigable for so-called trek barges - flat, sweeping boats pulled from the bank - well into the 19th century . The development of the Weddings and the necessary delivery and removal of goods was mostly carried out by water from the Spree. The king himself made the wish to travel by water to Schönhausen Palace .
“The sub-tree closes the Spree when it flows out of Berlin. Close to the lower tree, the ditch flows into the Spree, which King Friedrich I had Eosander von Goethe dug in 1704 in order to be able to drive from Schönhausen to Charlottenburg. "
Brewing water
In Bernau, a popular brown beer was brewed in houses from the Pankewater in the Middle Ages. On the one hand there was the amount of water, on the other hand the clarity of the pan water. Nevertheless, the saying from 1432: "The Bernausche hot porridge makes the marrow free of hussites." Refers to the art of brewing, in which viscous spent grain juice remains. According to legend, the Bernauers put the Hussite besiegers to sleep with their beer, then beat them and expelled them.
“Like most of the swamps in this country, this pank swamp was a broken alder. The alder, however, is related to the hops, which will probably have largely filled the Panken lowlands. But where hops thrive, especially if they are not only grown in the wild, but also grown, beer also thrives. And so we shouldn't be surprised that Bernau has developed into a famous beer town over the years. "
In 1570 there were 164 bourgeois breweries in the city, 17 of them in Brauerstraße (→ Königsstraße) alone. Malt was ground in water mills. In 1610, three eighths of a mile southwest of Bernau, there was a gristmill for grinding malt. In 1564, 24,400 tons and in 1613 30,740 tons of beer were brewed. Before a brewing process, a public call was made to refrain from urinating in the panke on the corresponding day. A slogan has been passed down on the inside of the glass facade of the Bernau multi-storey car park, designed by Annelie Grund , on the washbasin: "Today it will be announced that no one will mess up because tomorrow will be brewed!"
Poor beer quality can be derived from the export route via Hamburg to Denmark and Norway. In Berlin itself there were 47 pubs with Bernauer beer. In 1909 brewing was stopped after the Bavarian brewing style had prevailed in Prussia. The water from the Panke may already have become unsuitable beforehand.
Sewage fields
The Hobrecht Plan arose from the necessity to discharge the sewage from the metropolis of Berlin . The first groundbreaking ceremony took place on August 14, 1873. In 1878 the completed sewage fields went into operation. 40,000 hectares sewage farm belonged to the catchment area of the Panke and used them as a drainage ditch , it included the sewage in book , Hobrechtsfelde , Blankenfelde and Blankenburg so. The river was channeled further and the river bed was deepened by a good meter in order to reach the drain.
The Rieselfeldwirtschaft in northeast Berlin lasted until 1980, although fields closer to the city were discontinued beforehand. The Panke received a strong water inflow from the sewage fields and a new meaning, which, however, were not conducive to the water. The increasing commercial activity of the city brought with the sewage increasing loads from heavy metals on the sewage fields. The content of heavy metals in the soil is above normal. The polluted area of the sewage fields has only slowly recovered from the immobilized wastewater load since the renaturation .
"Stinky" pank
The Panke, like other rivers in metropolitan areas, became the sewer of the settlements, the "Stinkepanke", since the beginning of the 19th century. "Where the pank with stench runs through Wedding ..." ( popular saying ). In an expert report from 1885 it says: “The water gives the impression of a manure that is in the highest rot. The masses, which are driven up by fermentation and putrefaction gases, ... by the shortest route into the Panke. The thick, matted masses of mud in front of the Guhrauer'schen Mühle are for the most part of animal origin. ”( Report by Dr. Bischoff, forensic chemist in Berlin ) The settlement of tanneries led to the decline of the mills. The increasing use of steam engines cleared the watercourse of mills, but commercial use remained. The Arnheim safe factory opposite the Luisenbad is still there after 120 years and serves as a cultural center.
Panke as bathing water
On June 1, 1802, bathing in the Panke behind the paper mill was forbidden to prevent accidents with the threat of punishment. But despite various bans, the Bernauers and the Zepernickers used the reservoirs and the course of the river for bathing, in Blankenburg they bathed in the Panke. The Panke water was also used by bathers in Wedding. The Berlin doctor Ernst Ludwig Heim used to bathe "at irregular intervals in a secret place in the Panke river". In doing so, he accepted the company of executioners . “Well-behaved citizens” had their home bath and did not have to use the river bath together with lower classes .
According to the older people, bathing in the Panke and also in the Nordgraben, the sewer field drain , was quite common until the 1940s, the war and post-war times. These were those poorer classes who had their permanent home in the arbors of the garden colonies. One of the restorations at Schlosspark Pankow was the pub Zum Pankgrafen in Schloßstraße (→ Ossietzkystraße ), which the Pankow bathing establishment maintained and which until 1900 advertised the “outdoor pool in the Panke”. The Berliners changed the slogan from “Pankow kille kille” to: “[…] you can bathe there, and I can see you naked […]”. A Panke bathing establishment near Bernau was located on the pond next to the Panke before the A 11 motorway crossed under it , it became a fishing water. Due to the development and hygienic pollution, bathing along the banks of the Panke became increasingly impossible, the paddling pool in the Pankow public park was closed in 1926 "due to contamination of the Panke water". In 2008 the Pankewater is cleaner, but not pure enough, so bathing in the Bürgerpark or the Schlosspark is probably only attractive for dogs. With the EU directive, clean water is required in the rivers of Europe by 2015, so swimming in the Panke will probably be possible in a few years.
The idea of closeness to nature
1920s
Due to pressure from the residents in the tenements, the demand arose to give the underprivileged access to nature. As early as 1909 and again in 1926, after the inflation, efforts were made to improve the environment: "To shape the inner-city banks into the course of the river again and to limit the uncleared, uncontrolled waste water discharge from commercial operations". The “darkest tenements in Berlin” stood here, and Kösliner Strasse was the “redest street in Berlin”. These demands were linked to the demand for social change. There is a memorial stone on the Walter Röber Bridge, where Wiesenstrasse crosses the Panke. This is reminiscent of the political struggles in " Red Wedding " from the end of the 1920s. On May 1, 1929 , “Barricades on Wedding” stood between KPD supporters and police officers during the civil war. The dispute over a “new world” claimed more than 29 lives at the end of the “Roaring Twenties”. The renaturation of the Panke was one of the demands.
After the global economic crisis, the renaturation plans were put aside for the time being because of the emergence of armaments for the Second World War. In the 1960s, a residential complex was built with open blocks and lawns stretching up to the Panke.
Panke green train
The Panke has been subordinate to commercial use in the inner-city area since the 19th century. Due to the allotment garden movement, remaining near-natural areas along the Panke were used as allotment garden colonies as part of the Jansen plan and thus saved from destruction. Plans by Martin Wagner and others in the 1920s called for regaining the bank areas along the Panke.
Due to two world wars, inflation and the world economic crisis, it did not come to fruition. The banks of the Panke, in particular the buildings on the bank, had suffered war damage. A rehabilitation of the bank areas was urgently necessary after the stabilization in the 1940s post-war years and desired changes were possible. From 1951 the “Panke green corridor” was realized in the first stages by Gesundbrunnen (then: Wedding district) during the construction phase of the city of Berlin. Financial resources from the Marshall Plan formed the basis for the construction work.
After the planning for a car-friendly city had been abandoned, the expansion was continued in the 1980s and the promenade in the Wedding district was completed. Bank boundaries were dismantled, houses near the banks were removed and street areas were converted. Stockholm Street therefore runs alternately on both banks of the Panke. In honor of the initiator , the green corridor in the Wedding district (since 1990 in the Gesundbrunnen district) was named Walter-Nicklitz-Promenade.
The first prerequisites for the renaturation of the Panke were created along the cycle path. The renatured Panke brings shade, fallen leaves, and a hatching area and egg laying for insects. It is the basis for nature in urban areas. The aim is that the settled animal and plant populations can expand along the entire Panke. In 2008 it will be investigated whether fish could overcome the culvert on Chausseestrasse . Necessarily, the twelve are transverse structures of fish ecological eliminating reasons. For the Brandenburg section, a sand-shaped lowland stream with changing flow conditions in Zepernick and a muddy depression in the headwaters near Bernau are aimed for. For flood protection, the rainwater retention basins on the upper reaches will be expanded. The Panke becomes a habitat for plants and animals and an adventure space for people.
Pankewanderweg
According to the authorities, the Pankewanderweg is the "ecological corridor from the center of Berlin to Brandenburg". For inner-city new buildings in Mitte there is the opportunity to take planning-law compensatory measures for concreted areas as part of the pan-green area. The Pankewanderweg was laid out in the north of the walled city of West Berlin since the 1960s to offer its residents a green corridor and park-like banks along the water. The park and hiking trail was named Walter-Nicklitz-Promenade in honor of the Berlin Horticultural Director, the initiator of the green corridor in the Wedding district. After the political change in the 1990s, the cycle and hiking trail was extended to the Pankow district as part of the Berlin – Usedom long-distance cycle path . The parks in Pankow were integrated and the Pankewanderweg to the north to Bernau was determined. In addition, the paths were laid out with an asphalt surface for cyclists and skateboarders and suitable, partly new paths along the flow. The inner-city part in the Mitte district was completed in 2007. The last section in Pankow was inaugurated on July 21, 2010. Thus, the Pankewanderweg can be walked and driven on continuously from Berlin-Mitte to Bernau as an asphalted and sufficiently wide.
From the Spree, near Berlin Central Station, along the promenade in the strip of the wall past the Nordhafen, you can follow the Panke 34 kilometers to the Bernauer Quelle by bike or on foot. The Pankeradweg is identical to the Berlin – Usedom long-distance cycle path as far as Bernau. This officially begins at Schloßplatz in Berlin-Mitte , the destination of the cycle path is Wollin . The cycle path is also part of the meridian path along the longitude (13 ° east longitude). In a European dimension, it is part of an international hiking trail between Budapest and Copenhagen . Overall, the Berlin – Usedom long-distance cycle route runs for 337 kilometers from Berlin-Mitte via the Barnim , through the Uckermark and Western Pomerania to Peenemünde and the island of Usedom . The establishment began in 2002 and was officially opened in 2006.
Return of the "Stadtpanke"
The actual old course of the Panke is called Südpanke with the plans after 1990. The route along the historic Südpanke, ie from Chausseestrasse to Schiffbauerdamm, formerly separated by the “Wall”, is still in the planning phase . The last half a kilometer to the Spree from the HUB site will not be renatured. The Panke was laid underground here as early as the 1890s.
Along the Südpanke in Mitte, the clearing of the area between Charité and the veterinary faculty, founded in 1791, began in 1997. The Pankelauf has been set up from Hessische Strasse to the piping at the art academy behind the Ukrainian embassy. In December 1999 a test run with water took place from Schulzendorfer Strasse. However, there were delays due to new buildings and loss of time in planning. As of 2008, the water and construction facilities down Habersaathstrasse are ready.
The expansion of the Pankelauf in the Karree Chaussee-, Habersaath- , Scharnhorst- and Boyenstraße was decided with an urban planning competition for the design. 2012 is the target for the city park at the level of the Invalidenfriedhof north of the residential area. Here the Panke finds its course in a ditch up to 3.5 meters deep with a planned water flow of 700 m³ / h. The cross-section of the Südpanke could accompany the city dweller with up to 4000 m³ per hour from the city center and up to the source of the Panke.
With the completion of the BND headquarters on the site of the former World Youth Stadium , the Pankelauf is to be exposed and the Südpanke will again carry Pankewater, 200 liters per second are planned as a permanent drain. A lot that the "Hauptpanke" sometimes does not reach in summer. The renaturation of the Panke is achieved with low water management including an artificial water exchange. The confluence with the Spree cannot be exposed because too many lines run underground from the Charité site. The Pankelauf should be identified by an above-ground path.
Renaturation and revitalization
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At the “Tag der Panke” since 2006, representatives of the environmental authorities of Berlin and Brandenburg, associations and clubs, engineering offices and interested citizens have been discussing the design and future of the river. The requirements of the EU water directive also provide the framework for the Panke. The guideline calls for ecologically clean rivers by 2015; the citizens of the Berlin districts and Brandenburg are included in the “Project Panke 2015” in order to achieve sufficient acceptance of the project. Berlin lies in the catchment area of the Elbe and is therefore, like nine other federal states, a member of the FGG (River Basin Community) Elbe. The Panke is included in the management plan and the associated program of measures, along with the Elbe's environmental report. There are plans for the Panke, but whether the financial means will be available if the budget situation is tight and whether the scope for construction will still exist remains open.
In addition to the recreation of the old course of the Panke in Mitte, the revitalization of the Panke is planned for the benefit of the citizens of Berlin. In Pankow, the floor in the Bürgerpark and Schlosspark will be widened from 2013 so that remeandering can take place. In the park road between the castle and the public park, the concrete retaining walls are being renewed and measures are being taken to increase the biodiversity along the river: a habitat for mussels, fish and insects. The removal of the trapezoidal and rectangular bank edging at suitable points is planned. Water management measures in Brandenburg to revitalize the Panke, particularly in Panketal, complement the planning. The Pankewanderweg was announced as completed in 2010, the "beautiful nature" along it is in planning. From the Niederschönhausen Castle Park , the Berlin – Usedom long-distance cycle path joins the Pankewanderweg route. Furthermore, it is down the pank from the city limits in the north ( Buch and Panketal ) and the outflow of the Panke in the north port, on the shipping canal the northern section of the north-south path , one of the 20 green main paths , since then the Pankewanderweg has been marked with a white " 05 “on a blue tape.
bridges
The Berlin symbol
The river names Panke and Spree stand as symbols for Prussian Berlin and the metropolis of the German Empire from 1871. Before the reform of 1920, the city limits were narrower and the Spree and Panke were the rivers in the city area. There were the two big rivers in Berlin, the Havel at that time belonged to the independent city Spandau and Dahme and Wuhle belonged to Köpenick in the district of Teltow . In 1830, Helling wrote in his paperback on page 100: "Rivers that flow through Berlin are the Spree with many branches and, for a short distance, the Panke."
The Pan County
The building complex with the clubhouse of the " Alte Pankgrafschaft " is located on Gierkeplatz . On June 17, 1881, home-loving Weddingers came together to stand up to the pot foundries of their time. They created a legend for themselves, supposedly from the year 1381. According to this legend, the knight Udo with the split claw and full armor fell into the pank,
"[...] out of grief that the river Panke, this wonderful Brandenburg river with its black-green-gray-blue waves, wanted to be thrown off"
This is how the " Old Pankgrafen Association of 1381 in Berlin near Wedding an der Panke (APV) " came into being. The abbreviation APV stands for a nti p OLITICAL V ociation and for A lte P ankgrafen v ociation. The fatherland and friendship idea, and certainly the fun factor of the club, helped him to further offshoots in the rest of Germany. The club colors are derived from the murky water of the (Stinke) Panke. The pankgrave flag was consecrated in the source of the "hallowed Panke". Every year feuds take place that always end with fraternities, with the national greeting: "Mgrhuh!".
Panke and culture
The Panke can be found with its regional connection in art and culture. Heinrich Zille was referred to as " Daumier von der Panke" for his "photographic" drawings . A biography about him has the book title: Heinrich Zille - Between Spree and Panke . The film was made in 1929: Großstadtkinder - Between Spree and Panke ( Carl Auen , Grete Reinwald ).
Claire Waldoff sang the song on the Banke, at the Panke from the operetta Always solid druff of Walter Kollo . Their couplet over the Panke and the Spree used the river that flows into the center of Berlin.
Panke in words and songs
The importance of the Panke for the capital and Berliners is shown in song lyrics. If the Panke ended at the Schiffbauerdamm in the middle of the city, it was a testimony to the surroundings: “Janz outside on the Panke” is what a text from the organ grinder says . Mascha Kaléko used rivers as synonyms : the Danube for Vienna and the Panke for Berlin. “If fish could talk! Well, thank you: / You could hear from the Danube to the Panke / Instead of sea calm and instead of the sound of waves / Just whispering mussels and cruising. ”(Theodor Fontane) The topics are socially critical or romantic and enthusiastic about nature. The changes in the course of the river are noted and interpreted artistically. In 1890, August Trinius saw the river “jump like a cheerful, exuberant child with bright eyes over stone rubble and root network.” On the other hand, the saying in the vernacular since the creation of the sewage fields has been: “Where the pank runs through Wedding, the nose is man , Wife and child. ”( Berliner Spruch ). Plain and simple, however, is a school slogan: "At Schiffbauerdamm number two, the Panke flows into the Spree."
- There is a tombstone with a relief of an angel of death in the Buch Castle Park. Dedicated to the Countess von Voss, who, as lady-in-waiting of Queen Elisabeth Christine, had a love affair with the Prince of Prussia. A poem about the Panke is dedicated to this stone on the Panke.
Under birch and alder green,
their waters meander gently
towards the beautiful Bucher Castle,
and we think of the hours,
how passed Countess Voss here.
And in front of our souls rise,
on the pictures of great numbers,
Julia Voss, the second wife,
a king's friend and torment.
Pensively looks out of dark fir trees,
a memorial stone, consecrated to her,
as a sign of how good
luck is in love and love sorrow.
- Theodor Fontane formulates in the poem Africa Traveler from the songs and sayings collection:
Gentlemen, what's the point of all this dispute,
whether the Congo is healthy or unhealthy?
I lived for three years, spared from illness,
At the green and black ditch,
I enjoyed the gem of our gutters,
The Panke, close to the mouth
And now I live in the fifth quarter
still alive at the canal.
Here or there, near or far It
makes no difference, gentlemen,
And whether you leave it or do it,
I'll go to Cameroon tomorrow.
Be for Rothschild instead of tendrils,
take the Main and leave the Panke,
take the Flounder and leave the flounder,
money is luck and art is junk
- A Berlin folk poem, taken from the book Berliner Humor by the Berlin historical researcher Franz Lederer, clearly and drastically brings to mind a downside of Pankow. "Osdorf was a village rich in fruit, but with a 'bad smell' in the center of the Rieselfelder south of Berlin." It says:
My Jedanke wandered longingly
to the banks of de Panke.
Which,
criticized by big and small
, meanders through the north,
where is Osdorf's scents wehn'n.
Oh, home is nice.
- Robert Gilbert composed for the Berlin couplet stamp song set to music in 1929
No job, no place to live
biste null and nothin '.
Wiped away like a
fly from the window
.
Without a pink on
your pank you stand there powerless,
and the Burschoa says: Thank you!
moved too close to him.
- Fredy victory sang in the song full out at the Panke :
Janz out on the Panke
I have my little house. In
front of it there is a bank.
There I rest in the evening.
Many a thank you,
I see the liquid.
Janz softly chuckles the Panke,
The native Panke ...
- Claire Waldoff kept the role of Panke with An de Panke - an de Wuhle - an de Spree . As the singer of Couplets , she brought Stinke-Panke into the Berlin Liedgut:
And stand on the bank of the Panke,
I would like to pull the leash again:
At the Jestanke. Well thanks.
A nice city is my Berlin ...
- Kurt Tucholsky mostly used the panke as a synonym for Berlin in his poems , for example in the following poem from Immer um die Advertising column
My fat, short man has
to speculate on the stock exchange in the morning .
If I take a look at the capital on the Panke,
then I'll go for a walk ...
- In 1919 Tucholsky wrote poetry in his Berliner Gesänge
Revolution? But no thought!
It simmers in the cauldron of the Panke,
the cars honk, the guns rattle,
demonstrations in front and behind ...
Do as the ogres:
the Panke has always been a still body of water.
- Tucholsky: Berlin fights
You can quarrel about the pace,
but not with us at the blue pank.
...
- Tucholsky: Home, sweet home
That's where the city lies - only nice when there are rainstorms,
partly on the Panke and partly on the Spree,
with synagogue
domes , church towers and a dance paleeh.
...
- Tucholsky: Happy anticipation
This word will never leave me
, the old reaction is still alive today.
It is still so difficult to grasp today - a
magnifying glass that has already tried it.
I've been in the war for so many years,
thinking of the Panke of my cradle,
of my Prussia, of Berlin
and the Junkers of Malchin.
...
- Wolf Biermann put the song In Pankow anner Panke on his album Paradies auf Erden .
- Even simple local patriots were enthusiastic about the Panke, such as the Friedrichshagen cigarette manufacturer and hobby author of the Mark Brandenburg Fritz Eichberg:
And if you got to know the little river,
instead of insulting it , you will call it praising,
because even
if it is small and briefly its course, it shows a lot of what is worth thinking about,
has experienced some serious and joyful things,
which touch the soul and the heart raises.
Paule Panke
The artificial name "Paule Panke" is derived from the river and was already in use at the turn of the 1900s. The writer Siegfried Schuster later used this as a pseudonym. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Berliner Zeitung published a series of pictures With Heart and Snout by Gerhard Vontra , who initially signed with the pseudonym “Paule Panke”.
- The Berlin rock band Pankow made the figure of the apprentice Paule Panke known in a song in the early 1980s , which was then followed by their rock opera Ein Tag des Apprentice Paule Panke . The implementation as a DEFA feature film, started by Heiner Carow , was discontinued before the production for political reasons - “There are no such apprentices here and now”. The book by Herzberg remained.
- A feminist- oriented group in Pankow operates under the derived female name "Paula Panke".
The festival at the Panke
In Pankow is the second weekend of September, the annual festival at the Panke organized. It is an artist festival with social standards. The festival was initiated by the sculptor Heinz Worner and the painters Harry Lüttger, Georg Sailer and Paul Schultz-Liebisch, among others . The Pankow artists' boulevard on the Anger emerged from its roots in 1963 and was developed into a “socialist folk festival” in 1970 in the GDR by the artist initiative. With around 200,000 visitors annually in the 2000s, it survived the turning point and became a sponsored local district festival in the Pankow district.
Panke as namesake
Area and place names
The Berlin district of Pankow, the Bernau district of Pankeborn and the municipality of Panketal derive their names from the Panke . Several street and field names have their origin in the proximity to the Panke: the street names Am Pankeborn, Pankstraße and An der Panke in Bernau, Pankgrafenstraße and An der Panke in Berlin-Karow, and Pankstraße in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen. The allotment garden “Eintracht an der Panke” is located south of Soldiner Strasse on the western bank of the Panke. Other allotment gardens are Pankegrund, Pankeniederung, Pankewiese I and II, Pankeglück and Am Pankepark in French-Buchholz, the Pankegrund colony or simply KGA Panke, which belongs to the Gesundbrunnen district between Koloniestrasse and across from the Pankebecken.
Pankgraf is the title of members of the Knight Order Association. The Rollheimer settlement in the Pankaue near Karow is called "Pankgräfin" based on this. Since the 1990s, almost 100 people have settled here in several wagons that have been converted for residential purposes. Another name is used with the second fleet of cars in Karow, the Pankepiraten, in which about 10 people live.
The new residential area on Scharnhorststraße in the former wall strip uses the name Am Pankepark for a new street and the planned city park: Park an der Südpanke. The street has the addresses Am Pankepark 2 to Am Pankepark and is located in the center of the gkeuchnanmigen district.
Institutions and businesses
- The children's farm "Pinke Panke" has existed since 1991 in the former Mauereck on the northern railway along the Panke.
- On the banks of the Panke is the "Pankow gardening school", which has existed since the late 1950s and is adjacent to the Panke school for mentally handicapped children.
- The Pankower Heimatmuseum is located in the Panke Museum.
- The “Panke-Haus” is a family support center in the Soldiner Kiez in Berlin-Wedding and the joint project of the child and youth welfare organization “Zukunft Bauen”.
- The Pankehallen in the Gesundbrunnen district (formerly: Wedding district ) are used by Berlin artists as a project location for installations. You are in the company halls of the former Hetal safe factory. Musicians held sessions in these rooms. Along the banks of the Panke there are some sculptures that originated in the Pankehallen.
- The term 'Panke' is known beyond Berlin and Brandenburg. So it is obvious that technical products from Berlin are named after the river. In 1957, a black and white projection receiver (projection picture tube) from VEB Stern-Radio Berlin was given the name Panke .
- Restaurants and excursion bars have been associated with the Panke in an effective advertising relationship since the 19th century. Pubs, restaurants and pubs are still named locally, "Zum kleine Pankgraf", "Pankestuben", "Pankeimbiss" are available, although a Panke restaurant can be two kilometers from the river.
- The non-profit association “panke.info e. V. ”is made up of“ Friends of the Panke ”and stands up for the“ good of our river ”. He takes care of the river, the hiking trail, clears up dirt and rubbish, organizes excursions and bike tours and provides information on and around the Panke. The association received the environmental award of the Mitte district , which stands for the districts of Wedding, Gesundbrunnen and Mitte.
Last but not least, many cultural and educational institutions, and of course also commercial enterprises, use their proximity or “close distance” to advertise with Panke in their name and to draw attention to their institution. And the allotment garden clubs located on the Panke use the suffix Panke or the river is included in the club name according to the location.
Family name
In Germany, an estimated 1750 people have the surname Panke, the name is more common in northern Germany. The main names are around Berlin, the Ruhr area, Northwest Mecklenburg (Panke zur Stepenitz) and Thuringia. The occurrence in Poland (Prussia) with 50 people is noteworthy for the settlement structure. Well-known namesake are the German manager Helmut Panke and the social democratic member of the Dutch Reichstag Majléne Westerlund Panke .
EU pilot project "Panke 2015"
“The European Water Framework Directive is the legally binding regulation that came into force in 2000 and dramatically tightened the requirements for our waters. The guideline requires a good ecological condition of the rivers, including the Panke. ”(Quoted from Panke.info) The Panke flows through the two federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg. The Berlin Senate Department for Health, Environment and Consumer Protection and the Brandenburg State Environment Agency have chosen Panke as a joint pilot project for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. A working group was founded, which is called “Panke 2015” in view of the deadline set by Brussels. The goal is the rehabilitation and renaturation of the river. The preparatory work and planning was carried out with public participation (residents, nature lovers, anglers, interest groups), also carried out via the Internet, and the regularly held “Day of the Panke”. For regulation, nine transverse structures will be dismantled over 19 kilometers and 17 million euros are planned, which are also earmarked for rainwater treatment systems and the improvement of rainwater retention basins. The plan for the revitalization has the following structure:
- 03/2009: Completion of the work on the water development concept
- from 2010: first measures
- IV. Quarter 2012: Start of the planning approval procedure
- from 2014: Implementation of measures in the course of the watercourse
- from 2020: implementation of the revised plan
- by 2027 at the latest: "good ecological status" and "good ecological potential"
On November 30, 2012, the first construction phase of the public green corridor on the Südpanke between Habersaathstrasse and Chausseestrasse was opened. With the "5. Day of the Panke ”ended the series in 2012. This was part of the environmental relief program UEP II, which was completed at the end of 2015. Further financial resources were available in the funding period of the European Regional Development Fund 2014–2020 in the “Berlin Program for Sustainable Development”, or BENE for short.
The conversion of the Panke into a near-natural river should begin in 2018. The transformation encountered opposition from opposing interests. The Citizen Participation delayed the start: monument stood across, "trees with hermit or biotope with Shire ". The state provided 28 million euros for the “Panke 2015” project to change 18 kilometers of the 30 kilometers of the river, with two thirds of the project area in Pankow (floodplain landscape in the Pölnitzwiesen). An “ecological continuous weir system” at the Blankenburg branch of the north ditch replaces 14 weirs and is intended to enable fish to swim up the river. The changes end at the "Franzosenbecken", a reservoir on the border between the Pankow district and the Gesundbrunnen district in the Mitte district. The urban landscape begins further pankeab, in which the interests of property owners on the Panke predominated.
With compromises in the plan that has existed since 2003, the Panke will be rebuilt from 2021 onwards and "renatured" by 2025 with the plan approval decision . The conversion is being carried out as part of the EU pilot project "Panke 2015" in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) to improve the ecological status of water bodies. The previously existing, curved course is to be redesigned before straightening, channeling and piping. The goal is to extend the Panke by two kilometers by grinding in flat floodplains and to enable fish to climb up. For example, bridges must be replaced "close to nature", 878 trees - primarily between Blankenburg and Karow - should give way. Let's change the run on the north bank in the Bürgerpark and Schönhausen Palace Park. A meander (Pankeschleife with islands in the middle of the river) and the river in the flood basin are to be relocated at the former base of the Roads and Green Spaces Office (SGA) . No changes will be made to allotment gardens. Difficulties arise at the Schulzendorfer Straße arithmetic unit, which protects the culvert on Chausseestraße for the underground from dead wood.
Description from 1840
“ Panke or Pankow , a river, rises near Bernau in the red field, flows through the villages or past the villages of Zepernick, Buch, Franz. Buchholz, Nieder = Schönhausen and Pankow, divides into 2 arms at Nieder = Schönhausen, one of them the northern one is called the Schönhauser Graben; the southern, the real or old Panke, flows through the Oranienburger suburb, the iron foundry, enters the city at the Charité garden and falls on the Schiffbauerdamm, between No. 2 and in 3 the Spree. It has 3 bridges in the city and 13 in the suburb. The Schönh. Trench flows into the Spree at the lower tree. Although the Panke is for most of the year quite shallow, calm water, flowing only in plains, it generally swells when the water level is high, and when much snow has fallen in winter it swells immensely, causes considerable floods, and becomes raging itself . So she destroyed z. B. 2 years ago the massive bridge between Pankow and Schönhausen and several years ago made the paper mill at Luisenbade unusable. Now she is running a paper mill at Pankow again. "
literature
- Karl Neander von Petersheiden: The Panke River near Berlin or an attempt to depict whether Berlin's main squares, fountains, pools and, at the same time, flowing water can have them. Berlin 1835.
- Ute Langeheinecke: Wedding as a rural settlement 1720 to 1840. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-7861-1658-X .
- Nothing stayed as it was - life on the Panke. Mitteilungsblatt zur Pankower Heimatgeschichte, special issue 2013, ed. from the Freundeskreis der Chronik Pankow e. V.
- Rolf Pfeiffer: Pankow's largest river. Rolf Pfeiffer on a river run to Berlin. I. part. In: weekly mail . Volume 39, issue 7/1987, p. 18.
- Rolf Pfeiffer: Paradise is on the Panke. Rolf Pfeiffer on a river run to Berlin. Part II. In: weekly mail. 39th year, issue 8/1987, p. 18.
- H. Wassmann: Management plan for Panke, Nordgraben and Tegeler Fließ (according to Section 36 b of the Water Resources Act), preliminary study. Self-published, Berlin 1993.
Web links
- Along the northern nature reserves of Pankows
- Pankewanderweg
- Panke.info
- Groundwater in the Panke Valley (PDF; 222 kB)
- An economic history of the Panke
Individual evidence
- ↑ Senate City, inventory, p. 10 (PDF; 1.9 MB).
- ^ Lee Jennings: Berlin Urban History . Berlin and Colln 1237 - card with Panke purchase.
- ↑ a b Berliner Gewässer in taz , January 2, 2010; Retrieved July 31, 2010
- ↑ P. Assmann u. a .: The geological structure of the Berlin area . SenBauWohn, Berlin 1957.
- ^ J. Herrmann: New excavations on the castle island Köpenick. Excavations and finds . Berlin 1956.
- ↑ Location in Bernau Berliner Straße near Viehtrift: Bernau in the Middle Ages ( Memento of the original from January 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
- ^ Ernst Fidicin : The founding of Berlin . Ferdinand Dümmler, Berlin 1840
- ↑ Facts about Panketal ( Memento of the original from April 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Brehms animal life
- ↑ From the Stone Age to the Early Middle Ages, accessed July 7, 2010.
- ↑ Environmental Atlas
- ↑ Album: Marlene singt Berlin (1956): With you, with you, I want to go fishing on Sundays. // With you, with you, I think that's wonderful. song lyrics
- Jump up to the colony to recover
- ↑ Hainer Weißpflog: "At Schiffbauerdamm number two the Panke flows into the Spree" . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 4, 1997, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 11-18 ( luise-berlin.de ).
- ↑ a b J.GA Ludwig Helling (ed.): Historical-statistical-topographical pocket book of Berlin and its immediate surroundings . (PDF) HAW Logier, Berlin 1830. google.com/books; accessed January 17, 2015
- ^ Wilhelm Bölsche : Berliner Pflaster . W. Paulis Nachf., Berlin 1894
- ↑ The Panke . Pank guide; Retrieved July 7, 2010.
- ↑ Exploring the Panke spring. In: Richard Lemke: Dear little Panke . Kulturbuch-Verlag, Berlin 1955.
- ^ Sabine Rakitin: Transparent art in the parking garage. January 19, 2012, accessed June 28, 2020 .
- ↑ Expert opinion 1885
- ↑ Berlin in 1802
- ↑ Heim's diary entry from August 1797.
- ↑ Conversations on the Pankewanderweg. According to G. Haase: Observations along the Panke
- ^ Location and condition of the Panke in 1823
- ↑ Walk on the Panke ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 41 kB)
- ^ The tenements on the Panke
- ^ Klaus Neukrantz: Barricades on Wedding. Berlin 1931.
- ↑ Gerhild HM Komander: Along the Panke, accessed on May 2, 2010.
- ↑ A walk on the Walter-Nicklitz-Promenade for the 750th birthday of Wedding and other anniversaries.
- ↑ Photo tour pankis.de
- ↑ see wall strips section 07, part 4. ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Association for the history of Berlin: The way through Gesundbrunnen
- ↑ 32 kilometers up the peak
- ↑ 2008 picture gallery
- ↑ Day of the Panke
- ↑ Will the Panke be a swirling river?
- ↑ Panke 2015 at Senate Administration ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Planning status 2008 for 2015 (PDF; 1.8 MB).
- ↑ Panke 2015 short report, accessed July 29, 2010 (PDF; 1.4 MB)
- ↑ WFD report for Berlin ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 11.1 MB)
- ↑ The planning along the Panke as part of "Panke 2015"
- ↑ Local residents ask - the authorities answer the situation around the Strauchwiesenbrücke, queried on July 7, 2010.
- ↑ New signage for the Pankeweg
- ^ Theodor Fontane
- ↑ Quoted on panke-guide.de: hieronymusvonvoss
- ↑ From: Carl Giessmann, Otto Jacobi (editor): Big city made of small stones. A contribution to the history of the 19th Berlin administrative district (Pankow) . Emil Protz Nachf., Berlin-Pankow 1936. p. 416.
- ↑ Busch-Eisler-Gilbert: Stamp song (1929) Moritat for the unemployed and homeless (♫ ♪ Flash-Audio [3:10 ♪ ♫)]
- ↑ Text version of the song of the unemployed ( memento of the original dated November 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Kurt Tucholsky: Complete Edition. Volume 3: Texts 1919 . Edited by Stefan Ahrens, Antje Bonitz, Ian King, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1999, ISBN 3-498-06532-7 . Commentary on the poem Berlin Fights. P. 543.
- ↑ From Hans Exenberger: Kurt Tucholsky lives… . Mein Buch oHG, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-200-00890-3 , p. 47. Select online page 47
- ^ Kaspar Hauser: Berliner Gesänge . In: Weltbühne , January 16, 1919. Quoted from: Kurt Tucholsky: Gesamtausgabe. Volume 3: Texts 1919 . Edited by Stefan Ahrens, Antje Bonitz, Ian King, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1999, ISBN 3-498-06532-7 , p. 20 f. (on-line)
- ^ Tucholsky: Berlin fights
- ↑ Kurt Tucholsky. Home, sweet home
- ^ Kurt Tucholsky: Happy expectation
- ↑ Wolf Biermann: Paradise on earth
- ^ Gerhard Vontra
- ↑ Melody & Rhythm ( Memento from October 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Schlager, Rock and more ( Memento from November 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Wolfgang Herzberg: Paule Panke or The Friday of a Berlin Locksmith's Apprentice - based on the rock spectacle of the same name, with compositions by the Pankow group - tragic-comic theatrical rock musical with everyday noises and a normal clock; intended for actors or puppeteers with or without rock ballet . Henschelverlag, Berlin 1987.
- ↑ pankefest.html ( Memento of the original from September 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The street An der Panke in Bernau begins in the direction of flow on the L314 (Zepernicker Chaussee) and runs along the allotment gardens near the railway. In the further south at the Schönow-Süd settlement . The distance to the Panke is between 90 and 150 meters on the edge of the settlement.
- ↑ Karin Schmidl: Construction trailers instead of building savings. In: Berliner Zeitung , August 31, 2012.
- ↑ The Pinke-Panke children's farm is an open, educationally supervised playground for schoolchildren between the ages of 7 and 14 in Berlin-Pankow.
- ↑ Website of the panke house
- ↑ Joachim Faust: The Uferhallen . September 16, 2009
- ^ Website of the association
- ↑ Garden Wedding Association
- ↑ District Association of Garden Friends Pankow ( Memento of the original from January 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ According to the 1998 telephone directory ( Memento of the original from June 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Family name Panke 1942 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ What happens to the Panke?
- ↑ Senate Department Urban Development: Measures Panke 2015 ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection
- ↑ 14.6 million for project planning - How the Panke should become an eco-paradise.
- ↑ 5th day of the Panke 2012 ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Network Panke 2015 ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The planning along the Panke as part of “Panke 2015”.
- ↑ Opening of the first construction phase of the green corridor on the Südpanke
- ↑ Urban nature - installation of replacement structures in the Panke ( Memento of the original from August 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ On the revitalization of the Panke in Berlin (PDF)
- ↑ Environmental Relief Program - Brochure 10 Years of UEP ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)
- ↑ The BENE Environment funding priority was called “Improving nature and the environment in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods and reducing environmental pollution in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods”. See: uep-berlin.de and BENE for the follow-up project of B. & S.U. Beratungs- und Service-Gesellschaft Umwelt mbH “The aim is to make a contribution to improving Berlin's environmental situation, increasing the environmentally friendly growth of the Berlin economy and stabilizing sustainable employment. Untreated and insufficiently treated rainwater leads to considerable pollution of the water. "
- ↑ a b Uwe Rada: Our picture of a river . taz , 17./18. October 2015; accessed November 25, 2015
- ^ Franzosenbecken FIS-Broker (map of Berlin 1: 5000 (K5 color edition)) of the Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment Berlin
- ↑ Christian Hönicke: The Panke is being rebuilt . In: Tagesspiegel , November 28, 2019
- ↑ JGA Ludwig Helling (ed.): Historical-statistical-topographical pocket book of Berlin and its immediate surroundings. HAW Logier, Berlin 1830. books.google.com (PDF)
