List of medieval stone churches in Finland

The list of medieval stone churches in Finland gives an overview of the 101 known medieval Finnish stone churches . Of these, 73 have been preserved until today, in ten cases only a stone sacristy has been preserved, which originally belonged to a wooden church, and a further 18 church buildings are either preserved as ruins, have been discovered through archaeological excavations, or their existence is historical Sources.

Churches

The following 73 medieval stone churches have been preserved to this day (partly in a modified form):

place	Historic landscape	church	Original patron saint	Approximate construction time	Remarks	image
Alatornio , Tornio	Ostrobothnia	Alatornio Church	St. John d. baptist	1496-1513	Built from 1794 to 1797 as the eastern cross arm of a classical cross church
Eckerö	Åland	Eckerö Church	St. Laurence	1380-1420
Espoo	Uusimaa	Espoo Cathedral	Unknown	1485-1490	1821–1823 expanded to form the Kreuzkirche
Finström	Åland	Finström Church	Holy cross	1445-1460
Föglö	Åland	Föglö Church	St. Mary Magdalene	1500-1520	1859–1860 expanded to form a cruciform church
Geta	Åland	Geta Church	St. George ?	1510-1540
Halikko , Salo	Varsinais-Suomi	Halikko Church	St. Birgitta ?	1460-1475	Choir added in 1799, expanded into a cruciform church in 1812–1814
Hammarland	Åland	Hammarland Church	St. Catherine of Alexandria	1300-1350
Hattula	Malice	Holy Cross Church of Hattula	Holy Cross and St. Anna	1472-1490	Built from brick
Hauho , Hämeenlinna	Malice	Hauho Church	Unknown	1500-1520
Hollola	Malice	Hollola Church	Virgin Mary	1495-1510
Huittinen	Satakunta	Huittinen Church	St. Catherine of Alexandria	around 1500	1791–1795 and 1857–1860 expanded to form a cruciform church
Ingå	Uusimaa	Ingå Church	St. Nicholas	1510-1520
Isokyrö	Ostrobothnia	Isokyrö old church	St. Laurence ?	1513-1533
Janakkala	Malice	Janakkala old church	St. Laurence	1510-1520	Choir added from 1839–1840, expanded to form a cruciform church in 1848–1849
Jomala	Åland	Jomala Church	St. Olav	1275-1285	Oldest surviving church in Finland; 1820–1840 expanded and rebuilt
Kaarina ( Turku )	Varsinais-Suomi	Church of St. Catherine (Church of Kaarina)	St. Catherine of Alexandria	1440-1460
Kaarlela , Kokkola	Ostrobothnia	Kaarlela Church	St. Michael the Archangel ? St. Catherine of Alexandria ?	1500-1530	1786–1789 expanded to form a cruciform church
Kalanti , Uusikaupunki	Varsinais-Suomi	Kalanti Church	Virgin Mary and St. Olav	1430-1450
Karis , Raseborg	Uusimaa	Karis Church	Unknown	1460-1470
Keminmaa	Ostrobothnia	Keminmaa old church	St. Michael the Archangel	1551-1553	Sacristy around 1530
Kimito , Kimitoön	Varsinais-Suomi	Kimito Church	Virgin Mary and St. Andrew	1460-1470	Church tower added 1786–1788
Kirkkonummi	Uusimaa	Kirkkonummi Church	St. Michael the Archangel ?	around 1500	Installed as the eastern cross arm of a cross church from 1760/61 and 1857
Korpo , Pargas	Varsinais-Suomi	Korpo Church	St. Michael the Archangel	1430-1450
Kumlinge	Åland	Kumlinge Church	St. Anna	1500-1510
Laitila	Varsinais-Suomi	Laitila Church	St. Michael the Archangel	1460-1483
Lammi , Hämeenlinna	Malice	Lammi Church	St. Catherine of Alexandria	1510-1520
Lemland	Åland	Lemland Church	St. Birgitta ?	1290-1300
Lempäälä	Satakunta	Lempäälä Church	St. Birgitta and St. Maria Magdalena	1500-1510	1835–1838 expanded to form the Kreuzkirche
Lemu , Masku	Varsinais-Suomi	Lemu Church	St. Olav	1460-1480
Lieto	Varsinais-Suomi	Lieto Church	St. Peter ?	1470-1490	Hexagonal choir added in 1902
Lohja	Uusimaa	Lohja Church	St. Laurence	1470-1490
Maaria , Turku	Varsinais-Suomi	Church of Maaria	Virgin Mary and Saint Dionysius	1440-1450
Masku	Varsinais-Suomi	Masku Church	St. John d. baptist	1490-1510
Messukylä , Tampere	Satakunta	Old Church of Messukylä	St. Michael the Archangel	1510-1530	Enlarged 1796–1797
Mynämäki	Varsinais-Suomi	Mynämäki Church	St. Lawrence and St. Erik	1425-1440
Naantali	Varsinais-Suomi	Naantali Church	Savior ?, Virgin Mary , St. John the Baptist , St. Anna , St. Birgitta	1480-1490	Original Birgittenklosterkirche , church tower 1794–1797 added
Nagu , Pargas	Varsinais-Suomi	Nagu Church	St. Olav ?	1430-1450
Narpes	Ostrobothnia	Church of Narpes	Cross of Christ , Virgin Mary and St. Olav	1550-1555	Installed in a cross church that has been expanded several times
Nousiainen	Varsinais-Suomi	Nousiainen Church	Virgin Mary and St. Heinrich	1420-1430
Pargas	Varsinais-Suomi	Pargas Church	Unknown	1440-1460	Extension of the Finnish church from 1689–1690
Pedersöre ( Jakobstad )	Ostrobothnia	Pedersöre Church	St. Peter ?	1510-1530	1787–1795 expanded to form a Kreuzkirche
Pernå , Loviisa	Uusimaa	Pernå Church	St. Archangel Michael and St. Erik	1435-1445
Pernio , Salo	Varsinais-Suomi	Church of Perniö	St. Laurence	1460-1480
Pertteli , Salo	Varsinais-Suomi	Pertteli Church	St. Bartholomew	1500-1520
Pohja , Raseborg	Uusimaa	Church of Pohja	Virgin Mary	1475-1480
Porvoo	Uusimaa	Porvoo Cathedral	Virgin mary ?	1440-1450	in parts around 1410
Pyhtää	Uusimaa	Pyhtää Church	St. Heinrich	around 1460
Raisio	Varsinais-Suomi	Raisio Church	St. Martin ?	1500-1520
Rauma	Satakunta	Holy Cross Church	Holy cross	1515-1520	Originally a Franciscan monastery church
Renko , Hämeenlinna	Malice	Renko Church	St. James the Elder Older	1510-1560	Completely renewed in 1783
Rusko	Varsinais-Suomi	Rusko Church	St. Mary Magdalene	1510-1530
Rymattylä , Naantali	Varsinais-Suomi	Rymättylä Church	St. James the Elder Older	1510-1520
Sääksmäki , Valkeakoski	Malice	Sääksmäki Church	St. James the Elder Older	around 1500	1839–1840 expanded to form a Kreuzkirche, but dismantled again in 1931–1932
Saltvik	Åland	Saltvik Church	Virgin Mary	1370-1380
Sastamala	Satakunta	Sastamala Church	Virgin Mary	1497-1510
Sauvo	Varsinais-Suomi	Sauvo Church	St. Clement	around 1470
Sipoo	Uusimaa	Old Church of Sipoo	St. Siegfried ?	1450-1455
Siuntio	Uusimaa	Siuntio Church	St. Peter	1460-1489
Sund	Åland	Church of Sund	St. John d. baptist	around 1300
Sysmä	Malice	Sysmä Church	St. Olav	1510-1520	1832–1835 expanded to form the Kreuzkirche
Taivassalo	Varsinais-Suomi	Taivassalo Church	Holy cross	1425-1440
Tammela	Malice	Tammela Church	St. Michael the Archangel	1535-1550
Tenala , Raseborg	Uusimaa	Tenala Church	Unknown	1460-1480
Turku	Varsinais-Suomi	Turku Cathedral	Virgin Mary and St. Heinrich	End of the 13th century? End of the 14th century?	largest medieval church in Finland; probably consecrated in 1300, possibly wooden previous building; expanded in the 15th century
Tuulos , Hämeenlinna	Malice	Tuulos Church	St. Birgitta ?	1510-1540
Tyrvää , Sastamala	Satakunta	Old Tyrvää Church	St. Olav	1506-1516
Ulvila	Satakunta	Ulvila Church	St. Olav	1495-1510
Vanaja , Hämeenlinna	Malice	Vanaja Church	Unknown	around 1500
Vantaa	Uusimaa	Church of St. Lawrence (Helsinki Parish Church)	St. Laurence	1450-1460	Restored 1893–1894 after a fire
Vårdö	Åland	Vårdö Church	St. Matthias	1520-1560
Vehkalahti , Hamina	Karelia	Vehkalahti Church	Virgin mary ?	1430-1470	after a fire in 1821 rebuilt in a classicist style
Vehmaa	Varsinais-Suomi	Vehmaa Church	St. Margaret	1425-1440

Sacristies

Of the following ten churches, only the medieval stone sacristy has survived, while the originally attached wooden churches have fallen into disrepair:

place	Historic landscape	church	Original patron saint	Approximate construction time	Remarks	image
Akaa	Malice	Akaa sacristy	Unknown	around 1510	Sacristy only
Kalvola , Hämeenlinna	Malice	Sacristy of Kalvola	St. Olav	1495-1505	Sacristy only
Kisko , Salo	Varsinais-Suomi	Sacristy of Kisko	Unknown	Early 16th century	Only sacristy, attached to the wooden church from 1810
Kokemäki	Satakunta	Kokemäki sacristy	Virgin Mary	1540-1560?	Sacristy only
Mikkeli	Savo	Mikkeli sacristy	St. Michael the Archangel	1520-1560	Only sacristy, 1900–1901 restored in a neo-Gothic style
Somero	Malice	Somero sacristy	St. Michael the Archangel	around 1500	Sacristy only
Tyrväntö , Hattula	Malice	Sacristy of Tyrväntö	Unknown	Early 16th century	Sacristy only
Urjala	Malice	Urjala sacristy	Unknown	1520-1540	Sacristy only
Vesilahti	Satakunta	Vesilahti sacristy	St. Peter and St. Paul	1490-1500	Only sacristy; Wooden church from 1800–1802
Virolahti	Karelia	Virolahti sacristy	Unknown	1500-1550	Sacristy only

ruins

The following eight churches, seven sacristies and three chapels are either only preserved as ruins, have been made accessible through archaeological excavations or their existence is only documented by historical sources.

place	Historic landscape	church	Original patron saint	Approximate construction time	Remarks	image
Hämeenkoski	Malice	Hämeenkoski church ruins	St. Laurence ?	1510-1560?	ruin
Kökar	Åland	Church ruins of Kökar	Unknown	1500-1520	Franciscan monastery church, new church from 1784 in the same place
Koroinen , Turku	Varsinais-Suomi	Koroinen Episcopal Church	Virgin Mary	1266-1286? 1500?	Choir in connection with the wooden bishop's church, but possibly also a chapel from around 1500; Excavated 1898–1902
Korsholm ( Vaasa )	Ostrobothnia	Korsholm Church	Virgin Mary	1500-1520	Ruin; 1749–1753 expanded to form a Kreuzkirche, burned down in the town fire of 1852
Köyliö	Satakunta	Sacristy of Köyliö	St. Heinrich ?	Early 16th century?	Only sacristy, not preserved, exact location unknown
Lembote , Lemland	Åland	Chapel ruin of Lemböte	St. Olav	1500-1530	ruin
Loimaa	Satakunta	Loimaa sacristy	Unknown	1500-1560	Only sacristy, demolished in 1751, exact location unknown
Marttila	Varsinais-Suomi	Marttila sacristy	St. Martin	1500-1540	Only sacristy, demolished in 1765, excavated in 1937; Wooden church from 1765
Nokia	Satakunta	Nokia Manor Chapel	Unknown	1505-1529	Nokia Manor Chapel; not preserved, excavated in 1931
Padasjoki	Malice	Padasjoki sacristy	St. Birgitta ?	1520-1560	Only sacristy; Torn down 1668–1670, excavated in 1925
Pälkäne	Malice	Pälkäne church ruins	Virgin mary ? St. Michael the Archangel ?	1495-1505	Ruin, out of use around 1830
Piikkiö , Kaarina	Varsinais-Suomi	Sacristy of Piikkiö	Unknown	1500-1560	only sacristy, demolished around 1750, not archaeologically developed, exact location unknown; Stone church from 1753–1755
Pöytyä	Varsinais-Suomi	Sacristy of Pöytyä	St. Michael the Archangel ?	1500-1560	only sacristy, demolished around 1805, ruins not archaeologically developed; Wooden church from 1793
Rauma	Satakunta	Trinity Church	Unknown	1495-1505	Ruin, burned down in the city fire of 1640
Salo	Varsinais-Suomi	Chapel of Salo	St. Anna	1500-1520	Demolished 1830–1832, archaeologically undeveloped
Turku	Varsinais-Suomi	Turku Dominican Church	St. Olav	1430-1440	Dominican church , burned down in 1537 and then demolished, only inadequately developed archaeologically
Vihti	Uusimaa	Vihti church ruins	St. Bartholomew ?	1500-1520	ruin
Vörå	Ostrobothnia	Vörå sacristy	St. Margaret ? St. James the Elder Older ?	1519-1522	Only sacristy, demolished in 1777 when the wooden church was expanded from 1626–1627

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} after Markus Hiekkanen: Suomen keskiajan kivikirkot , Helsinki 2007.

literature

• Elias Härö, Gisbert Jänicke: Churches. In: Olli Alho (ed.): Kulturlexikon Finland (=  Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran toimituksia 719). Finnish Literature Society, Helsinki 1998, ISBN 951-746-032-5 , pp. 177-181.
• Markus Hiekkanen: The Stone Churches of the Medieval Diocese of Turku. A systematic Classification and Chronology (=  Suomen Muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakauskirja 101). Suomen Muinaismuistoyhdistys, Helsinki 1994, ISBN 951-9057-11-0 (English).
• Markus Hiekkanen: Suomen kivikirkot keskiajalla. Otava, Helsinki 2003, ISBN 951-1-15126-6 (Finnish).
• Markus Hiekkanen: Suomen keskiajan kivikirkot (=  Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran toimituksia 1117). Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 2007, ISBN 978-951-746-861-9 (Finnish).
• Esa Santakari: Keskiajan kivikirkot = Finlands medeltida stenkyrkor = The medieval Stone Churches of Finland. Otava, Helsinki 1979, ISBN 951-1-05475-9 .

Web links

Commons : Medieval churches in Finland  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Marja Terttu Knapas: Keskiajan kivikirkot kertovat pitkään jatkuneesta asutuksesta (Finnish)
• Åsa Ringbom: Ålands kyrkor (Swedish)
• Juhani Sinivaara: Suomen keskiaikaiset kivikirkot (Finnish)

This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on July 1st, 2008 .