1960 Winter Olympics / Nordic skiing

Nordic skiing at the VIII Winter Olympics
information
venue	Squaw Valley
Competition venue	McKinney Creek Stadium Papoose Peak Jump
Nations	x
Athletes	x (x women and x men)
date	19.-27. February 1960
decisions	8th
← Cortina 1956 Innsbruck 1964 →

At the VIII Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley in 1960 eight competitions were held in Nordic skiing . This was also the 23rd Nordic World Ski Championships . In addition to Olympic medals, world championship medals were also awarded. The only exception was the Nordic Combined, in which there were only Olympic medals. The venues were McKinney Creek Stadium and Papoose Peak Jump .

For the first time, the dominance of athletes from Scandinavia and the Soviet Union was scratched a little at the Nordic competitions in the context of the Olympic Games and World Championships . The all-German team played a key role in this with the two gold medals from Helmut Recknagel in ski jumping and Georg Thoma in Nordic combined. There was also the bronze medal of Austrian Otto Leodolter in ski jumping.

Balance sheet

Medal table

space	country				total
1	Finland	2	2	2	6th
2	Sweden	2	2	1	5
3	Germany	2	-	-	2
4th	Soviet Union	1	2	4th	7th
5	Norway	1	2	-	3
6th	Austria	-	-	1	1

Medalist

Cross-country men

competitor	gold	silver	bronze
15 km	Håkon Brusveen	Sixten Jernberg	Veikko Hakulinen
30 km	Sixten Jernberg	Rolf Rämgård	Nikolai Anikin
50 km	Kalevi Hämäläinen	Veikko Hakulinen	Rolf Rämgård
4 × 10 km relay	Toimi Alatalo , Veikko Hakulinen , Väinö Huhtala , Eero Mäntyranta	Hallgeir Brenden , Håkon Brusveen , Harald Grønningen , Einar Østby	Nikolai Anikin , Alexei Kuznetsov , Anatoly Scheljuchin , Gennady Waganov

Cross-country women

competitor	gold	silver	bronze
10 km	Maria Gussakova	Lyubov Kozyreva	Radja Yeroshina
3 × 5 km relay	Sonja Edström , Irma Johansson , Britt Strandberg	Marija Gussakowa , Radja Jeroschina , Lyubow Kosyrewa	Toini Pöysti , Siiri Rantanen , Eeva Ruoppa

Ski jumping

competitor	gold	silver	bronze
Normal hill	Helmut Recknagel	Niilo halons	Otto Leodolter

Nordic combination

competitor	gold	silver	bronze
singles	Georg Thoma	Tormod Knutsen	Nikolai Gusakov

preview

The preview in “Sport Zürich” of February 19, 1960 initially indicated that the geographical location (on the one hand McKinney Creek at 2,000 m above sea level, on the other hand the southern location at roughly the same latitude as Madrid ) and also here The nature of the snow, which is strongly dependent on the humidity, will be important factors. At the world championships in 1958 it gave the impression that women had stagnated. However, new names have now appeared, especially in Sweden, which suggests a shift. At the SDS races in Grindelwald , both Poland and Czechoslovakia and, surprisingly, West Germany presented new and in some cases very promising forces. It was generally believed that most of the medals would go to the Soviet Union.

For men, Sweden has the “best iron” in the fire with Sixten Jernberg . He could be called the only clear favorite for at least one win, especially since he would be in top form at just the right time. Even Rolf Rämgård push ever more clearly to the fore. Olsson, the "whole line of Larsson" and others would make a very notable force behind Jernberg. Finland is likely to have the "most closed team" (especially in the relay race), although they were severely handicapped in their training due to lack of snow. Whether her great ace Hakulinen could use his old penetrating power again is not ruled out. The Soviet runners are known to have sent a strong reconnaissance team to Squaw Valley in the pre-winter; their “moves would have been prepared well in advance”. From press reports it could be concluded that her training had consistently taken place at high stations. The team can be assessed as strong, with Pawel Kolchin , Anatoly Scheljuchin and Alexander Gubin likely to stand out. Much suggests that after the disappointments of the Norwegians in 1956 and 1958, class people are maturing again. In any case, Andreasen, Jensen and above all Stensheim would have made a name for themselves. The two-time Olympic champion Brenden had recommended himself for these games, but had to wait and see. The only sure thing is that he is one of the best technicians on the trail and extremely dangerous when it is steep and often uphill and downhill. Brusveen could also create surprises on the short distances.

In the 15 km race, it could happen that some experienced athletes would be pushed back by younger athletes, and the level of performance would have equalized. In Lahti, the Frenchman Mermet was able to push himself up to 16th place, this time the Italian De Florian or the Poles Mateja and Rysula could do better. A good ranking by a Swiss does not necessarily belong “in the realm of fairy tales”. The strongest squadron behind the Scandinavians and Soviets should again be Italy, and Poland must also be taken into account. Sixth place for the Swiss relay would be a success. At the longer distances the Nordic and Russian cannons would show their superiority even more clearly. Switzerland is betting on Fritz Kocher, who would be able to do so if he had overcome his form crisis and was in good shape.

In the combination, the Norwegians would “traditionally” come up with the most promising candidates (Knutsen, Gundersen, Steinersen, Larsen), while the Finns were serious applicants. The 1956 Polish bronze winner, Franciszek Gąsienica Groń , seems to be back in shape. While the Austrians and Czechs are hardly strong enough to assert themselves, the “illustrious society” would face competition from the Germans Thoma and Flauger, who would play their trump cards on the hill. It wouldn't be a surprise if a medal went to Germany. Too little is known about the USSR runners; there were representatives of some class in one of the two competitions, but they would have been "not balanced enough" to move to the top of the overall ranking.

A dozen jumpers are eligible for a medal. In the foreground would be the Finns with the current world champion Kärkinen, with the "young, extraordinary talent" Halonen; at least one medal seems to be certain. The Norwegians had "set heaven and hell in motion" in order to have a say in their domain again. The GDR lost Harry Glaß in an accident (fall during the Four Hills Tournament 1959/60 on the Bergiselschanze ), but in Recknagel a contender for victory, the West Germans were also represented by a man of the "extra class", Bolkart. Other contenders for top places are the two Swedes Lindqvist and Eriksson and also one of Austria's top trio. The only representative of Switzerland, Andreas Däscher , has not achieved anything outstanding this season and has always seemed tense up to now. If everything did not work out, the games would end with a "very high level jumping competition".

Cross-country men

15 km

space	country	athlete	Time (min)
1	NOR	Håkon Brusveen	51: 55.5
2	SWE	Sixten Jernberg	51: 58.6
3	FIN	Veikko Hakulinen	52: 03.0
4th	URS	Gennady Vaganov	52: 18.0
	NOR	Einar Østby	52: 18.0
6th	FIN	Eero Mäntyranta	52: 40.6
7th	SWE	Janne Stefansson	52: 41.0
8th	SWE	Rolf Rämgård	52: 47.3
9	ITA	Marcello De Dorigo	52: 53.5
10	URS	Nikolai Anikin	52: 55.0
24	EUA	Cuno Werner	55: 25.6
27	SUI	Alphonse Baume	55: 58.9
31	SUI	Lorenz Possa	56: 30.1
32	EUA	Enno Roeder	56: 54.4
37	SUI	Marcel Huguenin	57: 36.7
38	EUA	Werner Haase	57: 40.3
39	SUI	Konrad Hischier	57: 43.9
42	EUA	Siegfried Weiss	58: 04.6

Date: February 23, 1960, 8:00 a.m.
54 participants from 19 countries, all in the ranking.

All three medalists had racing experience of seven to ten years. The gold medal went to Brusveen, who had always been in the shadow of Brenden during his career so far. The Norwegians, who had fallen behind in recent years, had feared after Georg Thoma's victory in the combination that they would not win in cross-country skiing. Now, however, the good team result brought the chance of a relay medal closer again after the Soviet starters had simply failed, because three of them were slower than the best Central European. For example, Anikin, who had been counted among the medal contenders in the previous reports, was ranked 10th.

The race started at minus 7 to 8.5 degrees and under a clear blue sky. Only about 100 spectators appeared in the finish stadium, the start interval was 30 seconds. The snow was hard and dry, there were no wax problems whatsoever. After the Soviet Union had to do without the cold Kolchin, a Scandinavian victory was firmly reckoned with. The route consisted of a single loop, which was very different from the one in the Nordic Combined. The greatest difficulty was from kilometers 6.5 to 9, where there was a 1.5 km long ramp with a 96 m difference in altitude (followed by a rather steep descent). A second ramp, 800 m long and 40 m difference in altitude, brought the trail to its highest point of 2045 m. Brusveen began carefully; after the first 5 km he was in 5th place (behind Stefansson, Jernberg, Rämgård and Waganow) and after 10 km moved up to 2nd place behind Jernberg. As a good downhill skier, the last part of the route met him, while Jernberg didn't feel so safe here. The Norwegian Ski Association President Thorbjørn Nordahl highlighted Brusveen's role as an outsider after the race ended, when he admitted that he “almost wasn't taken because of his mediocre pre-season performance” and that he had only received the ticket two days before departure.

30 km

space	country	athlete	Time (h)
1	SWE	Sixten Jernberg	1: 51: 03.9
2	SWE	Rolf Rämgård	1: 51: 16.9
3	URS	Nikolai Anikin	1: 52: 28.2
4th	URS	Gennady Vaganov	1: 52: 28.2
5	SWE	Lennart Larsson	1: 53: 53.2
6th	FIN	Veikko Hakulinen	1: 54: 02.0
7th	FIN	Toimi Alatalo	1: 54: 06.5
8th	URS	Alexei Kuznetsov	1: 54: 23.9
9	NOR	Hallgeir Brenden	1: 55: 19.8
10	NOR	Oddmund Jensen	1: 55: 35.0
21st	EUA	Helmut Weidlich	2: 01: 25.8
24	SUI	Alphonse Baume	2: 02: 04.2
26th	EUA	Josef Maier	2: 02: 10.6
28	SUI	Marcel Huguenin	2: 03: 25.6
29	EUA	Rudolf Dannhauer	2: 03: 38.9
32	SUI	Lorenz Possa	2: 05: 41.2
33	EUA	Siegfried Hug	2: 05: 48.2

Date: February 19, 1960, 8:00 a.m.
48 participants from 17 countries, 45 of them classified

The first starter was Oddmund Jensen from Norway. Already after 5 km the success of the high favorite Jernberg became apparent, who was 18 seconds ahead of his compatriot Rämgård, whereby the Swedes were the outstanding runners on that day. The stadium was well prepared - there was a fully occupied press stand and interim reports after every 5 kilometers - but the race took place practically in camera, which was due to the technically unavoidable division of the games far away from the actual Olympic location. Jernberg started as if he had only 10 kilometers ahead of him, Rämgård strengthened towards the end and came dangerously close to him. The Soviet runners confirmed themselves as extremely strong cross-country skiers. All Finns suffered from a stitch, which was surprising since they had not felt anything in a training run four days ago. The Norwegians attributed their tips to poorly waxed skis; Brenden suffered a severe side stitch on the first ascent and had to wait at 10 km before he could turn it up again.

50 km

space	country	athlete	Time (h)
1	FIN	Kalevi Hämäläinen	2: 59: 06.3
2	FIN	Veikko Hakulinen	2: 59: 26.7
3	SWE	Rolf Rämgård	3: 02: 46.7
4th	SWE	Lennart Larsson	3: 03: 27.9
5	SWE	Sixten Jernberg	3: 05: 18.0
6th	FIN	Pentti Pelkonen	3: 05: 24.5
7th	URS	Gennady Vaganov	3: 05: 27.6
8th	FIN	Veikko Räsänen	3: 06: 04.4
9	NOR	Hallgeir Brenden	3: 08: 23.0
10	NOR	Sverre Stensheim	3: 08: 51.5
20th	EUA	Helmut Hagg	3: 25: 14.6
23	EUA	Rudolf Dannhauer	3: 27: 54.6
24	EUA	Siegfried Weiss	3: 28: 29.1
28	EUA	Egon Fleischmann	3: 38: 53.6

Date: February 27, 1960, 8:00 a.m.
31 participants from 9 countries, all in the ranking.

There was an unexpected Finnish double success. At first it looked like a victory for Jernberg, who was in the lead by a clear margin after 10 km, but could not keep up his pace. Already after 15 km Hämäläinen was 4 seconds ahead of the Swede and after another 5 km Jernberg had dropped to 4th place. The current ranking at the top remained the same until the finish. The poor performance of the Soviet runners, who suffered their worst defeat since their appearance in international skiing, was sensational. Italy and the German team performed very well, and the USA, which was virtually unmentioned in the previews, was another sensation and brought all four runners to the finish. Switzerland's complete renunciation was not a glory. Fritz Kocher was registered, but he hadn't felt in the condition to manage a fifty in a reasonably good time. The Hämäläinen who started first left the competitors who started after him by minutes. Hakulinen lost around 20 seconds between the thirtieth and fortieth kilometers and was stopped 42 seconds behind. Behind the two Finns, the gaps grew rapidly. It had become noticeably warmer now, which the runners did not like. While the Swedes were a little disappointed, the Norwegians hadn't had high hopes; Although they achieved a remarkable overall performance, Brenden lost more than 9 minutes to the winner.

4 × 10 km relay

space	Country / athlete	time
1	Finland Toimi Alatalo Eero Mäntyranta Väinö Huhtala Veikko Hakulinen	2: 18: 45.6 h 35:03 min 34:45 min 35:01 min 33: 56.6 min
2	Norway Harald Grønningen Hallgeir Brenden Einar Østby Håkon Brusveen	2: 18: 46.4 h 35:07 min 34:41 min 34:41 min 34: 17.4 min
3	Soviet Union Anatoly Shelyukhin Gennady Vaganov Alexei Kuznetsov Nikolai Anikin	2: 21: 21.6 h 37:17 min 34:22 min 35:11 min 34: 31.6 min
4th	Sweden Lars Olsson Janne Stefansson Lennart Larsson Sixten Jernberg	2: 21: 31.8 h 34:56 min 37:44 min 34:44 min 34: 07.8 min
5	Italy Giulio Deflorian Giuseppe Steiner Pompeo Fattor Marcello De Dorigo	2: 22: 32.5 h 35:37 min 35:59 min 35:30 min 35: 26.5 min
6th	Poland Andrzej Mateja Józef Rysula Józef Gut-Misiaga Kazimierz Zelek	2: 26: 25.3 h 36:22 min 35:33 min 37:19 min 37: 51.3 min
7th	France Victor Arbez René Mandrillon Benoît Carrara Jean Mermet	2: 26: 30.8 h 36:50 min 36:46 min 36:41 min 36: 13.8 min
8th	Switzerland Fritz Kocher Marcel Huguenin Lorenz Possa Alphonse Baume	2: 29: 36.8 h 37:43 min 38:15 min 36:37 min 37: 01.8 min
9	Germany Cuno Werner Helmut Hagg Werner Haase Enno Röder	2: 31: 47.1 h 37:27 min 37:53 min 37:58 min 38: 29.1 min
9	Japan Takashi Matsuhashi Kazuo Sato Eiji Kurita Akemi Taniguchi	2: 36: 44.9 h 39:02 min 37:41 min 39:17 min 40: 44.9 min
9	United States Mack Miller Karl Bohlin John Dendahl Peter Lahdenpera	2: 38: 01.8 h 37:04 min 40:47 min 39:11 min 40: 59.8 min

Date: February 25, 1960, 8:00 a.m.
11 relays at the start, all in the ranking.

At the start there was −4 to −1 ° C and a new "audience record" with 200 people. It was run on a single loop, the final runners benefited from a noticeable tail wind in the final phase. Initially, a three-man team with Finland, Norway and Sweden was ahead, but in the course of the second lap the Swede Stefansson had a fit of weakness and had to interrupt briefly. The Soviet Union had to give up all hopes for gold after Scheljuchin, who handed over in eighth place with overgrown skis. Both the Soviets and Sweden recovered from their setbacks. Waganow worked his way up to 5th place with the fastest lap and Kuznetsov brought his team to 3rd place. On the Swedes' side, Larsson came close to fourth-placed Fattor, Jernberg then left De Dorigo. Up front it looked as if the decision had been made on the final kilometers of the third lap when Huhtala Østby had to let go. The Finnish final runner Hakulinen started the race 20 seconds behind Brusveen; succumbed only 15 seconds back after 5 kilometers and caught up with the Norwegian 3 km from the finish line. There was a head-to-head race over the last 300 meters, with the completely exhausted Hakulinen literally throwing himself at the finish and saving an eight-tenths of a second lead.

Cross-country women

10 km

space	country	sportswoman	Time (min)
1	URS	Maria Gussakowa	39: 46.6
2	URS	Lyubov Kozyreva	40: 04.2
3	URS	Radja Yeroshina	40: 06.0
4th	URS	Alevtina Kolchina	40: 12.6
5	SWE	Sonja Edström	40: 35.5
6th	FIN	Toini Poysti	40: 41.9
7th	SWE	Barbro Martinsson	41: 06.2
8th	SWE	Irma Johansson	41: 08.3
9	BUL	Krastana Stoewa	41: 44.0
10	SWE	Britt Strandberg	42: 06.8
12	EUA	Rita Czech-Blasel	42: 29.0
16	EUA	Renate Dannhauer	43: 46.1
18th	EUA	Sonnhilde Callus	44: 14.6

Date: February 20, 1960, 8:00 a.m.
24 participants from 7 countries, 23 of them in the evaluation. Task: Christa Göhler (EUA).

At first it looked as if it would go according to the paper form, because after 5 km, Olympic champion Kosyrewa was leading in front of world champion Kolchina. But a huge final spurt by Gussakowa and a fit of weakness Kolchina threw the classification upside down. As expected, Edström, who came third in the 1956 Olympics, was the best non-Russian; the Swedes were also the second best team and thus favored for relay silver. The Finnish women disappointed except for Pöysti, the Bulgarian Stoewa broke into the phalanx of Scandinavians. The best Central European was Czech-Blasel, who was rated as weaker than Kallus. The conditions with sunshine and −8 ° C were ideal, only the number of spectators (around 10) was not. Only the guest of honor Prince Bertil , some officials and a few team mates of the runners were present.

3 × 5 km relay

space	Country / athletes	time
1	Sweden Irma Johansson Britt Strandberg Sonja Edström	1: 04: 21.4 h 21:31 min 21:45 min 21:05.4 min
2	Soviet Union Radja Jeroschina Maria Gussakowa Lyubow Kosyrewa	1: 05: 02.6 h 22:57 min 21:18 min 20: 47.6 min
3	Finland Siiri Rantanen Eeva Ruoppa Toini Pöysti	1: 06: 27.5 h 22:57 min 21:51 min 21: 39.5 min
4th	Poland Stefania Biegun Helena Gąsienica Daniel Józefa Czerniawska-Pęksa	1: 07: 24.6 h 22:10 min 23:05 min 22: 09.6 min
5	Germany Rita Czech-Blasel Renate Dannhauer Sonnhilde Kallus	1: 09: 25.7 h 22:59 min 22:48 min 23: 38.7 min

Date: February 26, 1960, 8:00 a.m.
5 relays at the start, all in the ranking.

The race started in good weather, sunshine and −2 to −5 ° C on the trail. After the quadruple victory on the 10 km, the Soviet athletes were the clear favorites, but, as in 1956, they had bad luck, because Yeroshina lost a ski in a fall and tore a long delay. Rantanen stumbled over the fallen competitor, which also meant a loss of time for her. Johansson was already in the lead, benefited from the aforementioned mishap and led at the first checkpoint at 2.5 km with 25 seconds from Rantanen, 31 from Biegun and 40 from Jeroschina. After 5 km, Sweden was ahead of Poland, Finland and the Soviet Union. Gussakowa was able to reduce Strandberg's lead to 52 seconds for the time being, but could not keep her accelerated starting pace, so the Swede finished this section with a 59 second lead. Kosyrewa achieved the clear best time of the day, but it was no longer enough to intercept Edström.

The Soviet team leadership announced a protest against the score and claimed that Jeroschina had been hindered by Rantanen, and later also that Johansson had skied over Jeroschina. This should be proven with two films. The Swedish cross-country skier Lennart Larsson also supported his compatriots as a kind of pacemaker off the track. The Soviets later withdrew the protest after members of the jury announced that film evidence showed that Johansson had nothing to do with the collision.

Ski jumping men

Normal hill

space	country	athlete	Widths (m)	Points
1	EUA	Helmut Recknagel	93.5 / 84.5	227.2
2	FIN	Niilo halons	92.5 / 83.5	222.6
3	AUT	Otto Leodolter	88.5 / 83.5	219.4
4th	URS	Nikolai Kamensky	90.5 / 79.0	216.9
5	NOR	Torbjørn Yggeseth	88.5 / 82.5	216.1
6th	EUA	Max Bolkart	87.5 / 81.0	212.6
7th	United States	Ansten Samuelstuen	90.0 / 79.0	211.5
8th	FIN	Juhani Kärkinen	87.5 / 82.0	211.4
9	URS	Koba Zakadze	89.0 / 79.5	211.1
10	FIN	Nikolai Shamov	85.5 / 80.5	210.6
12	EUA	Veit Kühr	88.5 / 79.5	208.7
14th	AUT	Albin Plank	87.5 / 75.5	206.7
16	AUT	Walter Steinegger	87.5 / 79.5	205.9
20th	SUI	Andreas Däscher	86.0 / 77.0	201.2
21st	EUA	Werner Lesser	81.5 / 78.5	200.8
35	AUT	Willi Egger	78.5 / 76.0	185.4

Date: February 28, 1960, 11:00 a.m.
45 participants from 15 countries, all in the ranking.

After the sky was overcast in the morning, he cleared up so that the jumpers found ideal conditions. Because Recknagel had skipped the K-point far after his first jump to 93.5 m , there was a massive shortening of two hatches for the second round, which turned out to be a bit too much. The train had become much slower in the meantime, but this did not change the outcome of the competition. Recknagel had already been the best in training. Of the other Germans, Bolkart was able to improve, Kühren did well, while Lesser disappointed. As expected, the Finns presented themselves better than in training. With the Austrians, Leodolter was able to improve a lot, but he had already recommended himself for a medal during training. His comrades were much weaker. The Soviet jumpers played an important role with three in the top ten, with the Norwegians the long jumping Yggeseth had to put up with slight deductions for uneasy flights twice. Samuelstuen, who started for the USA, was a surprise, kept up very well and jumped very far, especially in the first series.

Nordic combined men

Individual (normal hill / 15 km)

space	country	sportswoman	Points jumping	Points running	points total
1	EUA	Georg Thoma	221.5	236,452	457,952
2	NOR	Tormod Knutsen	217.0	236,000	453,000
3	URS	Nikolai Gusakov	212.0	240,000	452,000
4th	FIN	Pekka Ristola	214.0	235.871	449.871
5	URS	Dmitri Kochkin	219.5	228.194	447.694
6th	NOR	Arne Larsen	215.0	229.613	444.613
7th	NOR	Sverre Stenersen	205.5	232.581	438,081
8th	SWE	Lars Dahlqvist	201.5	235.032	436,532
9	FIN	Paavo Korhonen	197.5	237,484	434.984
10	SWE	Bengt Eriksson	213.0	220.710	433.710
13	EUA	Günter Flauger	207.0	225.742	432.742
17th	EUA	Rainer Dietel	214.0	212.645	426.645
20th	EUA	Martin Körner	212.0	204.645	416.645
21st	AUT	Alois Leodolter	205.5	209,484	414.984

Date: February 21, 1960, 12:30 p.m. (ski jumping) / February 22, 1960 (cross-country skiing)
33 participants from 13 countries, 31 of them in the ranking.

There were three rounds in jumping, with the best two scores being included in the ranking. While around 30,000 spectators had attended the jumping, only around 100 had made it to the finish stadium for cross-country skiing when the starting gun was fired at −14 ° C. The best weather conditions prevailed during the jumping and there was snow so fast that the participants did without the full run. With regard to the cross-country skiing, which also takes place in good conditions, Thoma did not see himself as a favorite. He said that "the fastest will tie him off at 5 to 6 minutes", he only saw an advantage in his rear starting number. His team management hoped for a bronze medal; the Russians and Scandinavians gave him no credit at all. In cross-country skiing, Gussakow was the fastest right from the start, Knutsen and Korhonen also maintained their starting pace, while Stenersen did not have the reserves. It was the other way around with Thoma. He had initially divided the race carefully and held out the subsequent increases in pace.

Thoma's victory was a sensation because it beat the favorite Scandinavians and Soviet participants. He was known as an excellent jumper, but not as a good cross-country skier. In this discipline, however, he was able to achieve a better time than his fiercest competitors from jumping. In initial reactions, the Scandinavian side emphasized that the combination was only won once at the Olympic Games by a Scandinavian ( Heikki Hasu 1948), and the Thoma victory was even good for stimulating interest in Nordic skiing in the Alpine countries.

To the surprise of the media representatives, it was found that no photo had been taken of Thoma during his cross-country skiing. Despite his leadership, all photographers believed after the jump that he would fall far behind. The way in which Thoma quietly won his gold medal was characteristic of these Olympic Games: Thousands crowded in the Olympic Center and also on the men's downhill, but practically no one was interested in cross-country skiing. However, many of the German media representatives also missed the sensation; they had gone to the men's downhill, where the German team also played a major role.

literature

• Cross-country skiing at the Olympic Winter Games: List of Olympic champions in cross-country skiing. Edited by the Bucher Group, General Books Verlag, 2010, 188 pages.

Web links

• Cross-country skiing at the 1960 Winter Olympics in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
• Ski jumping at the 1960 Winter Olympics in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
• Nordic combined at the 1960 Winter Olympics in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
• Official report of the 1960 Winter Olympics (PDF; 18.4 MB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Sport Zürich, February 19, 1960, pp. 2 and 3.
2. ↑ ^{a b} «The Norwegian Haakon Brusveen in front of Jernberg and Hakulinen in the 15 km cross-country skiing». In: Sport Zürich, February 24, 1960, p. 2.
3. ↑ Sixten Jernberg Olympic champion over 30 kilometers . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 20, 1960, p. 10 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
4. ^ "Sixten Jernberg (Sweden) wins gold medal in the difficult 30 km run". In: Sport Zürich, February 22, 1960, p. 2.
5. ↑ A Finnish double success in the ski marathon . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 28, 1960, p. 49 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
6. ^ «The tremendous Finnish duel Hämälainen - Hakulinen over 50 km». In: Sport Zürich, February 29, 1960, pp. 1 and 2.
7. ↑ «Ski length decided after a 40 km battle!». In: Sport Zürich, February 27, 1960, p. 4.
8. ↑ After 40 kilometers decided 8 tenths of a second . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 26, 1960, p. 10 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
9. ^ "Russian women are superior in cross-country skiing". In: Sport Zürich, February 22, 1960, p. 4.
10. ↑ «A triple Russian success» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 21, 1960, p. 32 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
11. ^ "Sensational victory for Sweden in the 3 x 5 km relay for women". In: Sport Zürich, February 27, 1960, p. 2.
12. ^ Swedish victory, but protests . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 27, 1960, p. 10 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
13. ^ "Russian tears up protest letters". In: Sport Zürich, February 29, 1960, p. 7.
14. ↑ «Impression of the special jumping». In: Sport Zürich, March 2, 1960, p. 2.
15. ↑ ^{a b} "Georg Thoma (De) winner in Nordic combined". In: Sport Zürich, February 24, 1960, p. 7.
16. ↑ Thoma defeated the Nordic elite . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 23, 1960, p. 11 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
17. ↑ «The most embarrassing surprise for Norway». In: Sport Zürich, February 26, 1960, p. 3.