Olympic Winter Games 1988 / Nordic skiing

Nordic skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics
information
venue	Calgary / Canmore
Competition venue	Canada Olympic Park / Canmore Nordic Center
Nations	35
Athletes	306 (229 , 77 )
date	14.-28. February 1988
decisions	13
← Sarajevo 1984 Albertville 1992 →

At the XV. The 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary hosted 13 Nordic skiing competitions. The venues were the Canada Olympic Park in the city center and the Canmore Nordic Center in Canmore .

The competition program was expanded and changed. After more and more cross-country skiers used the skating technique , which enabled faster times than the classic technique, for an entire route, the FIS stipulated at the major events whether the respective discipline should be run in the classic or free style. Further changes in cross-country skiing were imminent in the coming years. For the ski jumpers and the Nordic Combined there was a team competition each, which was carried out in the Nordic Combined as a relay and for the jumpers as an additional jumping with team evaluation. Outstanding among the men was ski jumper Matti Nykänen , who won both individual competitions and the team competition with his Finnish team. In the women's cross-country skiing, v. a. the female athletes from the Soviet Union , who were able to win all other disciplines except for the 5 km distance.

Balance sheet

Medal table

space	country				total
1	Soviet Union	5	5	4th	14th
2	Finland	4th	-	2	6th
3	Sweden	2	-	-	2
4th	Switzerland	1	1	1	3
5	BR Germany	1	-	-	1
6th	Norway	-	3	2	5
7th	Czechoslovakia	-	1	2	3
8th	Yugoslavia	-	1	1	2
	Austria	-	1	1	2
10	Italy	-	1	-	1

Medalist

Cross-country men competitor gold silver bronze 15 km classic Mikhail Devyatyarov Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass Vladimir Smirnov 30 km classic Alexei Prokurorov Vladimir Smirnov Vegard Ulvang 50 km freestyle Gunde Svan Maurilio De Zolt Andy Grünenfelder 4 × 10 km relay Torgny Mogren , Jan Ottosson , Gunde Svan , Thomas Wassberg Mikhail Dewjatjarow , Alexei Prokurorow , Vladimir Sachnow , Vladimir Smirnow Pavel Benc , Václav Korunka , Radim Nyč , Ladislav Švanda

Cross-country women competitor gold silver bronze 5 km classic Marjo Matikainen Tamara Tikhonova Vida Vencienė 10 km classic Vida Vencienė Raissa Smetanina Marjo Matikainen 20 km freestyle Tamara Tikhonova Anfissa Reszowa Raissa Smetanina 4 × 5 km relay Nina Gavriljuk , Svetlana Nageikina , Anfissa Reszowa , Tamara Tichonowa Marianne Dahlmo , Trude Dybendahl , Anne Jahre , Marit Mikkelsplass Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi , Pirkko Määttä , Marjo Matikainen , Jaana Savolainen

Ski jumping

competitor	gold	silver	bronze
Normal hill	Matti Nykänen	Pavel Ploc	Jiří Malec
Large hill	Matti Nykänen	Erik Johnsen	Matjaž Debelak
team	Ari-Pekka Nikkola , Matti Nykänen , Jari Puikkonen , Tuomo Ylipulli	Matjaž Debelak , Miran Tepeš , Primož Ulaga , Matjaž Zupan	Ole Christian Eidhammer , Ole Gunnar Fidjestøl , Erik Johnsen , Jon Inge Kjørum

Nordic combination

competitor	gold	silver	bronze
singles	Hippolyt Kempf	Klaus Sulzenbacher	Allar Levandi
team	Thomas Müller , Hans-Peter Pohl , Hubert Schwarz	Fredy Glanzmann , Hippolyt Kempf , Andreas Schaad	Hansjörg Aschenwald , Günter Csar , Klaus Sulzenbacher

Cross-country men

15 km classic

space	country	athlete	Time (min)
1	URS	Mikhail Devyatyarov	41: 18.9
2	NOR	Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass	41: 33.4
3	URS	Vladimir Smirnov	41: 48.5
4th	NOR	Oddvar Brå	42: 17.3
5	GDR	Uwe Bellmann	42: 17.8
6th	ITA	Maurilio De Zolt	42: 31.2
7th	NOR	Vegard Ulvang	42: 31.5
8th	FIN	Harri Kirvesniemi	42: 42.8
9	ITA	Marco Albarello	42: 48.6
10	ITA	Giorgio Vanzetta	42: 49.6
21st	GDR	Holger Bauroth	43: 59.2
22nd	SUI	Jürgen Capol	43: 59.5
23	FRG	Jochen Behle	43: 59.7
27	FRG	Walter kiss	44: 29.0
31	AUT	Alois Schwarz	45: 06.9
32	AUT	André Blatter	45: 15.2
35	SUI	Andy Grünenfelder	45: 35.5
36	AUT	Alois Stadlober	45: 38.5
42	AUT	Johann Standmann	46: 04.6
50	LIE	Benjamin Eberle	46: 49.3
51	LIE	Patrick Hasler	47: 07.3

Date: February 19, 1988, 9:30 a.m. Difference in
altitude: 150 m; Maximum ascent: 104 m; Total ascent: 617 m
90 participants from 32 countries, 85 of them in the rating.

The race was also part of the World Cup. Winner Devetyarov stated that the Soviet runners' engagement in two World Cup races and the training were timed correctly. In his home country, routes with a similar profile had been laid out and he found the Olympic competition easy. For the Swiss, the result was the worst since the 1980 Olympics, when Franz Renggli was 27th.

30 km classic

space	country	athlete	Time (h)
1	URS	Alexei Prokurorov	1: 24: 26.3
2	URS	Vladimir Smirnov	1: 24: 35.1
3	NOR	Vegard Ulvang	1: 25: 11.6
4th	URS	Mikhail Devyatyarov	1: 25: 31.3
5	ITA	Giorgio Vanzetta	1: 25: 37.2
6th	NOR	Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass	1: 25: 44.6
7th	ITA	Gianfranco Polvara	1: 26: 02.7
8th	ITA	Marco Albarello	1: 26: 09.1
9	FIN	Harri Kirvesniemi	1: 26: 59.6
10	SWE	Gunde Svan	1: 27: 30.8
13	SUI	Giachem Guidon	1: 28: 25.9
15th	GDR	Uwe Bellmann	1: 28: 37.2
18th	AUT	Alois Schwarz	1: 29: 34.4
22nd	GDR	Holger Bauroth	1: 30: 03.4
23	FRG	Jochen Behle	1: 30: 08.3
26th	SUI	Jeremias Wigger	1: 30: 47.2
30th	SUI	Juerg Capol	1: 31: 36.1
33	AUT	Alois Stadlober	1: 32: 00.0
40	FRG	Stefan Dotzler	1: 33: 06.1
44	AUT	Johann Standmann	1: 34: 24.8
47	LIE	Benjamin Eberle	1: 34: 53.8
58	LIE	Constantine Knight	1: 37: 47.6
74	LIE	Patrick Hasler	1: 43: 26.7

Date: February 15, 1988, 9:50 a.m. Difference in
altitude: 112 m; Maximum ascent: 62 m; Total ascent: 1194 m
90 participants from 32 countries, 87 of them in the rating.

Smirnow led up to the 20 km mark, with Ulvang still in second place ahead of Prokurorow at the 10 km mark. Andy Grünenfelder (SUI) gave up after 24 km due to the wrong choice of wax. Rank 18 for Alois Schwarz was the best position ever achieved by an Austrian in this discipline. He said he had divided his strengths well, was able to add to the finish and had well-groomed skis.

50 km freestyle

space	country	athlete	Time (h)
1	SWE	Gunde Svan	2: 04: 30.9
2	ITA	Maurilio De Zolt	2: 05: 36.4
3	SUI	Andy Grünenfelder	2: 06: 01.9
4th	NOR	Vegard Ulvang	2: 06: 32.3
5	GDR	Holger Bauroth	2: 07: 02.4
6th	SWE	Jan Ottosson	2: 07: 34.8
7th	FIN	Kari Ristanen	2: 08: 08.1
8th	GDR	Uwe Bellmann	2: 08: 18.6
9	NOR	Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass	2: 08: 20.0
10	ITA	Gianfranco Polvara	2: 08: 40.3
13	SUI	Giachem Guidon	2: 09: 02.3
14th	SUI	Jeremias Wigger	2: 09: 05.4
19th	AUT	André Blatter	2: 10: 43.4
33	FRG	Herbert Fritzenwenger	2: 13: 27.6
34	FRG	Georg Fischer	2: 13: 31.3
35	SUI	Markus Fähndrich	2: 13: 33.2
36	AUT	Johann Standmann	2: 13: 39.3
41	AUT	Alois Schwarz	2: 17: 03.5

Date: February 27, 1988, 8:30 a.m. Difference in
altitude: 130 m; Maximum ascent: 56 m; Total ascent: 1794 m
74 participants from 25 countries, 61 of them in the rating.

It was the fastest marathon of all time to date. Third place for Grünenfelder was a milestone in the history of Swiss cross-country skiing. Svan was already leading after 15 km with 41.1 seconds ahead of Bauroth and Grünenfelder, De Zolt was eighth. After half of the race the Swede was ahead of Grünenfelder (+ 1: 07.5) and De Zolt (+ 1.09.0), after 40 de Zolt was already second (+ 1: 27.9), Grünenfelder in third place (+ 1:43) , 3) and Bauroth in fourth place (+ 1: 49.2). But the GDR runner reduced towards the end, while the Swiss could gain.

The big favorite in all men's cross-country skiing competitions was the 26-year-old Swede Gunde Svan, who had won two golds and one silver and one bronze at the games in Sarajevo four years earlier (between 1985 and 1991 he won seven gold medals at the World Cup) . But the games in Calgary started very tough for him: A tenth place over 30 kilometers was followed by a 13th place over the 15 km distance. After defending the season title with the Swedish team, on the penultimate day of the Winter Games over the marathon distance with a good minute's lead over the Italian Maurilio De Zolt, he still managed to win the longed-for individual gold, with which he caught up with the Swedish cross-country skiing legend Sixten Jernberg , who also won gold four times from 1956 to 1964.

4 × 10 km relay

space	country	athlete	Time (h)
1	SWE	Jan Ottosson Thomas Wassberg Gunde Svan Torgny Mogren	1: 43: 58.6
2	URS	Vladimir Smirnov Vladimir Sachnow Mikhail Dewjatjarow Alexei Prokurorow	1: 44: 11.3
3	TCH	Radim Nyč Václav Korunka Pavel Benc Ladislav Švanda	1: 45: 22.7
4th	SUI	Andy Grünenfelder Juerg Capol Giachem Guidon Jeremias Wigger	1: 46: 16.3
5	ITA	Silvano Barco Albert Walder Giorgio Vanzetta Maurilio De Zolt	1: 46: 16.7
6th	NOR	Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass Oddvar Brå Vegard Ulvang Terje Langli	1: 46: 48.7
7th	FRG	Georg Fischer Walter Kiss Jochen Behle Herbert Fritzenwenger	1: 48: 05.0
8th	FIN	Jari Laukkanen Harri Kirvesniemi Jari Räsänen Kari Ristanen	1: 48: 24.0
10	AUT	André Blatter Alois Schwarz Johann Standmann Alois Stadlober	1: 49: 14.5

Date: February 22, 1988, 9:30 a.m.
Difference in altitude: 108 m; Maximum ascent: 50 m; Total ascent: 440 m
16 relays at the start, all in the ranking.

For Czechoslovakia, third place was the biggest triumph since Falun 1974 (50 km silver from Stanislav Henych ), for Switzerland fourth place was the best result since bronze in 1972 in Sapporo. Winner Sweden also benefited from the falls of Dewjatjarow and Prokurorow. Italy could never intervene in the medal decision, Norway's downfall began with the fall of starter Mikkelsplass and continued with a weak performance by Brå. The Finns had problems with their freestyle. In Austria, the sick Markus Gandler was missing (Standmann ran for him); At halftime, Schwarz handed over to Czechoslovakia 6.4 seconds back, but the season fell back to 10th place.

Cross-country women

5 km classic

space	country	sportswoman	Time (min)
1	FIN	Marjo Matikainen	15: 04.0
2	URS	Tamara Tikhonova	15: 05.3
3	URS	Vida Vencienė	15: 11.1
4th	NOR	Anne years	15: 12.6
5	FIN	Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi	15: 16.7
6th	NOR	Inger Helene Nybråten	15: 17.7
7th	SWE	Marie-Helene Westin	15: 28.9
8th	URS	Svetlana Nageikina	15: 29.9
9	NOR	Marianne Dahlmo	15: 30.4
10	URS	Raissa Smetanina	15: 35.9
13	GDR	Simone Opitz	15: 41.1
14th	SUI	Evi scratches	15: 42.8
15th	SUI	Christina Gilli-Brügger	15: 44.5
19th	GDR	Kerstin Moring	16: 01.6
20th	AUT	Cornelia Sulzer	16: 09.7
25th	GDR	Silke Braun	16: 22.5
28	FRG	Karin Jäger	16: 28.0
34	AUT	Maria Theurl	16: 36.6
35	SUI	Marianne Irniger	16: 37.5
36	AUT	Margot Kober	16: 39.2
37	GDR	Susann Kuhfittig	16: 41.9
40	SUI	Karin Thomas	17: 04.1
43	FRG	Stefanie Birkelbach	17: 09.1
44	FRG	Birgit Kohlrusch	17: 10.3
45	AUT	Hildegard Embacher	17: 18.6
48	FRG	Sonja Bilgeri	17: 33.2

Date: February 17, 1988, 9.45 a.m.
Difference in altitude: 50 m; Maximum ascent: 37 m; Total ascent: 223 m
55 participants from 17 countries, 53 of them in the rating.

10 km classic

space	country	sportswoman	Time (min)
1	URS	Vida Vencienė	30: 08.3
2	URS	Raissa Smetanina	30: 17.0
3	FIN	Marjo Matikainen	30: 20.5
4th	URS	Svetlana Nageikina	30: 08.3
5	URS	Tamara Tikhonova	30: 38.9
6th	NOR	Inger Helene Nybråten	30: 51.7
7th	FIN	Pirkko Määttä	30: 52.4
8th	SWE	Marie-Helene Westin	30: 55.3
9	FIN	Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi	30: 57.0
10	GDR	Simone Opitz	31: 14.3
11	SUI	Evi scratches	31: 16.7
18th	SUI	Christina Gilli-Brügger	31: 37.4
21st	GDR	Simone Greiner-Petter	31: 53.0
23	GDR	Susann Kuhfittig	32: 01.5
24	FRG	Karin Jäger	32: 09.5
25th	GDR	Kerstin Moring	32: 12.8
26th	AUT	Cornelia Sulzer	32: 17.1
32	SUI	Sandra Parpan	33: 02.0
34	AUT	Margot Kober	33: 22.2
42	AUT	Hildegard Embacher	34: 53.2
43	SUI	Marianne Irniger	34: 58.3
44	FRG	Sonja Bilgeri	35: 07.0

Date: February 14, 1988, 10:00 a.m.
Difference in altitude: 112 m; Maximum ascent: 62 m; Total ascent: 398 m
52 participants from 17 countries, 51 of them in the rating. Retired: Maria Theurl (AUT).

After 4.6 km, Smetanina was ahead of Westin and Vencienė, while Matikainen was 11th. After 7.3 km the stand was: Smetanina, Vencienė, Matikainen. The race was disappointing for the Norwegians, who had Brit Pettersen in 14th place as the second best runner .

20 km freestyle

space	country	athlete	Time (min)
1	URS	Tamara Tikhonova	55: 53.6
2	URS	Anfissa Reszowa	56: 12.8
3	URS	Raissa Smetanina	57: 22.1
4th	SUI	Christina Gilli-Brügger	57: 37.4
5	GDR	Simone Opitz	57: 54.3
6th	ITA	Manuela Di Centa	57: 55.2
7th	GDR	Kerstin Moring	58: 17.2
8th	NOR	Marianne Dahlmo	58: 31.1
9	SWE	Anna-Lena Fritzon	58: 37.4
10	SWE	Marie-Helene Westin	58: 39.4
14th	SUI	Evi scratches	58: 56.1
15th	GDR	Simone Greiner-Petter	59: 01.2
16	SUI	Karin Thomas	59: 17.2
30th	SUI	Marianne Irniger	61: 51.5
35	FRG	Karin Jäger	62: 24.6
37	AUT	Cornelia Sulzer	63: 01.2
38	GDR	Susann Kuhfittig	63: 05.8
41	FRG	Birgit Kohlrusch	63: 16.2
45	FRG	Stefanie Birkelbach	64: 40.5
50	AUT	Hildegard Embacher	67: 35.1

Date: February 25, 1988, 9:30 a.m.
Difference in altitude: 98 m; Maximum ascent: 51 m; Total ascent: 738 m
55 participants from 18 countries, 52 of them in the rating. Disqualified: Nina Gavriljuk .

At first Gavriljuk was placed in eighth place, but she was disqualified immediately after the competition because of prohibited advertising, which is why all athletes moved up one place from 9th onwards. For Gilli-Brugger, Tichonowa and Reszowa were out of reach; She lost the duel with Smetanina, plagued by a cold for five days, at kilometer 15. Finland's hope Matikainen was shattered by the overwhelming superiority of the USSR.

4 × 5 km relay

space	country	Sportswomen	time
1	URS	Svetlana Nageikina Nina Gavriljuk Tamara Tichonowa Anfissa Reszowa	59: 51.1
2	NOR	Trude Dybendahl Marit Wold Anne years Marianne Dahlmo	1: 01: 33.0
3	FIN	Pirkko Määttä Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi Marjo Matikainen Jaana Savolainen	1: 01: 53.8
4th	SUI	Karin Thomas Sandra Parpan Evi Kratzer Christina Gilli-Brügger	1: 01: 59.4
5	GDR	Kerstin Moring Simone Opitz Silke Braun Simone Greiner-Petter	1: 02: 19.9
6th	SWE	Lis Frost Anna-Lena Fritzon Karin Lamberg-Skog Marie-Helene Westin	1: 02: 24.9
7th	TCH	Ľubomíra Balážová Viera Klimková Ivana Rádlová Alžbeta Havrančíková	1: 03: 37.1
8th	United States	Dorcas Denhartog Leslie Thompson Nancy Fiddler Leslie Krichko	1: 04: 08.8
11	FRG	Stefanie Birkelbach Karin Jäger Birgit Kohlrusch Sonja Bilgeri	1: 05: 48.6

Date: February 21, 1988, 9:30 a.m.
Difference in altitude: 98 m; Maximum ascent: 50 m; Total ascent: 204 m
12 relays at the start, all in the ranking.

The Soviet Union mastered the race in a superior manner, although with Gavriljuk and Reszowa two runners came to the train who had not previously been used in Canmore. The winning relay was ahead after both 5 and 10 km, with the GDR initially in second place with 13.9 and 35.8 seconds behind. The advantage of the USSR (1: 41.9 min.) Was the largest since the 1966 World Championships in Oslo. After 5 km, Switzerland was 3rd ahead of Norway and Finland, after 10 km Finland was 3rd ahead of Norway. The Finnish final runner Savolainen fell 1200 m from the finish, but the Swiss Gilli-Brügger did not manage to get quite close.

Ski jumping

Normal hill

space	country	athlete	Widths (m)	Points
1	FIN	Matti Nykänen	89.5 / 89.5	229.1
2	TCH	Pavel Ploc	84.5 / 87.0	212.1
3	TCH	Jiří Malec	88.0 / 85.5	211.8
4th	YUG	Miran Tepeš	84.0 / 83.5	211.2
5	TCH	Jiří Parma	83.5 / 82.5	203.8
6th	AUT	Heinz Kuttin	87.0 / 80.5	199.7
7th	FIN	Jari Puikkonen	84.0 / 80.0	199.1
8th	SWE	Staffan Tällberg	83.0 / 81.0	198.1
9	GDR	Jens Weißflog	81.5 / 80.0	196.6
10	POLE	Piotr Fijas	84.5 / 80.0	195.4
12	AUT	Andreas fields	80.5 / 81.0	192.1
17th	SUI	Fabrice Piazzini	83.0 / 78.0	188.8
20th	AUT	Günther Stranner	83.5 / 78.0	186.6
21st	GDR	Remo Lederer	79.5 / 78.0	185.2
24	AUT	Ernst Vettori	79.5 / 76.0	181.5
29	FRG	Andreas Bauer	78.5 / 79.5	177.5
31	FRG	Josef Heumann	77.0 / 80.0	176.4
37	SUI	Gérard Balanche	78.0 / 78.0	173.8
47	FRG	Thomas Klauser	80.5 / 71.0	165.1
48	SUI	Christian Hauswirth	79.5 / 73.0	164.7
55	FRG	Dieter Thoma	75.0 / 74.0	154.1
56	SUI	Christoph Lehmann	74.0 / 73.0	150.9

Date: February 14, 1.30 p.m. (1st run) / 2.40 p.m. (2nd run)
K-point : 89 m
58 participants from 19 countries, all in the ranking.

Nykänen won as expected after dominating the training. He was already ahead of Malec and Tepeš after the first round. There were only 10 points between Nykänen and 21st place. In the second round, the jump was made in the reverse order of the ranking, with Primož Ulaga falling from 4th place to 30th. The grades were considered questionable because a. in Nykänen there were fluctuations between 17.0 and 19.0. The 17-year-old Heinz Kuttin was the best ski jumper of the ÖSV team with rank 6 ; he was not a week before the Games in the "active rest" of the team in Jamaica have been there, but had, after he had been brought to the team gold, the gold medal in the individual competition at the Junior World Championships in February 7 Saalfelden won .

In last place landed Michael Edwards , who is always in the spotlight , called "Eddie the Eagle". The Briton made a name for himself because of his immature technology, which often led to dangerous situations. Later he was therefore no longer allowed to participate in jumping competitions.

Large hill

space	country	athlete	Widths (m)	Points
1	FIN	Matti Nykänen	118.5 / 107.0	224.0
2	NOR	Erik Johnsen	114.5 / 102.0	207.9
3	YUG	Matjaž Debelak	113.0 / 108.0	207.7
4th	FRG	Thomas Klauser	114.5 / 102.5	205.1
5	TCH	Pavel Ploc	114.5 / 102.5	204.1
6th	AUT	Andreas fields	113.5 / 103.0	203.9
7th	CAN	Horst Bulau	112.5 / 099.5	197.6
8th	SWE	Staffan Tällberg	110.0 / 102.0	196.6
9	YUG	Matjaž Zupan	111.5 / 098.5	195.8
10	YUG	Miran Tepeš	105.0 / 102.5	194.8
12	AUT	Heinz Kuttin	112.0 / 098.5	193.5
20th	AUT	Günther Stranner	112.0 / 094.5	184.9
23	GDR	Remo Lederer	105.5 / 097.0	181.8
25th	FRG	Peter raw wine	106.0 / 096.0	177.6
27	SUI	Christian Hauswirth	105.0 / 097.0	177.1
28	AUT	Ernst Vettori	103.0 / 096.5	176.6
30th	SUI	Gérard Balanche	105.0 / 094.5	172.6
31	GDR	Jens Weißflog	104.5 / 093.5	172.0
34	FRG	Andreas Bauer	103.0 / 093.5	169.9
36	FRG	Josef Heumann	102.0 / 095.0	167.1
43	SUI	Fabrice Piazzini	105.0 / 099.0	156.9
44	SUI	Christoph Lehmann	101.0 / 090.0	153.2

Date: February 23, 2 p.m. (1st run) / 3:20 p.m. (2nd run)
K-point : 114 m
55 participants from 18 countries, all in the ranking.

The jumping was originally planned for February 20th, starting at 1:30 p.m., but had to be postponed to February 22nd and finally to February 23rd due to strong winds.

The ski jumpers had to deal with strong winds and fog, which made the competitions a game of chance. The two ski jumps set on a bare mountain slope were defenseless against the gusts. The outstanding ski jumper of these games was the Finn Matti Nykänen , who won gold on the small and large hill as well as with the team. Nykänen was the most successful participant in the competitions together with the Dutch speed skater Yvonne van Gennip . Johnson's silver medal was Norway's first medal since 1968. Although Johnson added 4.5. m shorter than Debelak jumped, he got off better with the judges. Felder and Kuttin made difficult jump areas in the second round, whereby Vettori could neither cope with the long nor the shorter run-up.

The greatest sympathy of the audience was again the British Eddie Edwards . He was more of a funny talent than a serious athlete. Because of his "flying skills" he was jokingly called "Eddie the Eagle". With his 71 m in the first round he actually surpassed the previous British record of 68 meters.

Team jumping

space	country	athlete	Points
1	FIN	Matti Nykänen Ari-Pekka Nikkola Tuomo Ylipulli Jari Puikkonen	634.4
2	YUG	Primož Ulaga Matjaž Zupan Matjaž Debelak Miran Tepeš	625.5
3	NOR	Ole Christian Eidhammer Jon Inge Kjørum Ole Gunnar Fidjestøl Erik Johnsen	596.1
4th	TCH	Ladislav Dluhoš Jiří Malec Pavel Ploc Jiří Parma	586.8
5	AUT	Ernst Vettori Heinz Kuttin Günther Stranner Andreas Felder	577.6
6th	GER	Andreas Bauer Peter Rohwein Thomas Klauser Josef Heumann	559.0
7th	SWE	Per-Inge Tällberg Anders Daun Jan Boklöv Staffan Tällberg	539.7
8th	SUI	Gérard Balanche Christoph Lehmann Fabrice Piazzini Christian Hauswirth	516.1

Date: February 24, 1988, 1.30 p.m.
large hill; K point: 114 m
11 teams at the start, all in the ranking.

The competition was originally scheduled for February 17th at 1:30 p.m., although there had been no training sessions from February 15th due to the constant winds (the jumpers had to return to their accommodations after six hours of unfinished business). The Yugoslavian jumper Ulaga said that the jumpers here are only "puppets of the organizers".

The worst jump of an athlete per round was deleted. The big favorites were Finland and Czechoslovakia, for bronze a three-way battle between Norway, Yugoslavia and Austria should develop. Even before the first jump, Nykänen asked the jury to move the start three hatches down; this then happened before the second round. In the Austrian team, the young jumpers were convincing, while the "veterans" Vettori and Felder "completely left out" according to coach Paul Ganzenhuber.

Nordic combination

singles

space	country	athlete	Points jumping	Time (min)
1	SUI	Hippolyt Kempf	217.9 0(3.)	39: 27.5
2	AUT	Klaus Sulzenbacher	228.5 0(1.)	39: 46.5
3	URS	Allar Levandi	216.6 0(4.)	40: 31.8
4th	GDR	Uwe Prenzel	207.6 (13.)	40: 38.2
5	SUI	Andreas Schaad	207.2 (14.)	40: 40.0
6th	NOR	Torbjørn Løkken	199.4 (19.)	40: 53.0
7th	TCH	Miroslav Kopal	208.7 (12.)	41: 00.0
8th	GDR	Marko Frank	209.4 (10.)	41: 15.6
9	GDR	Thomas Prenzel	215.5 0(5.)	41: 18.1
10	URS	Vasily Sawin	203.7 (17.)	41: 22.9
13	FRG	Hubert Black	219.2 0(2.)	42: 35.8
22nd	AUT	Klaus Ofner	208.9 (11.)	43: 26.3
24	AUT	Hansjörg Aschenwald	214.1 0(7.)	43: 55.5
25th	FRG	Thomas Müller	190.4 (31.)	44: 02.7
28	FRG	Hans-Peter Pohl	204.3 (15.)	44: 23.9
29	FRG	Hermann Weinbuch	179.6 (39.)	44: 26.4
34	AUT	Günter Csar	196.2 (25.)	45: 26.2
35	AUT	Fredy Glanzmann	180.1 (37.)	45: 38.8

Jumping: February 28, 1988
normal hill; K point: 89 m

15 km cross-country skiing: February 28, 1988, 3 p.m.
Elevation difference: 93 m; Maximum ascent: 43 m; Total ascent: 520 m
43 participants from 13 countries, 41 of them in the rating.

The timing was originally planned for two days, jumping on February 27th and running on February 28th. Because of the Chinook storm wind, jumping was not possible on the first day of the competition. The entire competition had to be held the next day - even though the two competition venues were 120 km apart.

The Gundersen method was used for the first time in this competition , so that the first cross-country skier to cross the finish line is also the winner of the competition. The German team, which had won the title in the team competition four days earlier, could not put any athlete in the top ten. As the best West German, Hubert Schwarz was 13th in the individual competition. Instead, with Hippolyt Kempf , a Swiss could win the Olympic gold medal in the individual competition for the first time. Previously, only Alois Kälin had won the Olympic precious metal for the Confederates in this discipline twenty years earlier in Grenoble . Sulzenbacher was particularly strong in jumping, but this time he was only able to convince in the first run with a width of 88.5 m, so that his lead over the competition was not big enough. He was leading 62 seconds ahead of Hubert Schwarz (who was only known as a good jumper), Kempf was third (70.7 seconds behind). After 12 km the Swiss overtook the Austrian. Lewandi was fourth, 79.4 seconds behind, but even Løkken (although already 3:14 back) was traded as a gold medal contender.

team

space	country	athlete	Points in jumping	Time (h)
1	FRG	Thomas Müller Hans-Peter Pohl Hubert Schwarz	629.8 (1.)	1: 20: 46.0
2	SUI	Fredy Glanzmann Hippolyt Kempf Andreas Schaad	571.4 (6.)	1: 20: 49.4
3	AUT	Hansjörg Aschenwald Günter Csar Klaus Sulzenbacher	626.6 (2.)	1: 21: 16.9
4th	NOR	Torbjørn Løkken Hallstein Bøgseth Trond Arne Bredesen	596.6 (3.)	1: 21: 34.4
5	GDR	Thomas Prenzel Marko Frank Uwe Prenzel	571.6 (5.)	1: 23: 04.5
6th	TCH	Ladislav Patras Jan Klimko Miroslav Kopal	573.5 (4.)	1: 23: 44.1
7th	FIN	Pasi Saapunki Jouko Parviainen Jukka Ylipulli	561.3 (7.)	1: 25: 39.3
8th	FRA	Jean Bohard Xavier Girard Fabrice Guy	541.0 (8.)	1: 27: 09.4

Jumping: February 23, 1988, 1:30 p.m.
normal hill; K point: 89 m

3 × 10 km relay: February 24, 1988, 10:00 a.m.
Difference in altitude: 93 m; Maximum ascent: 43 m; Total ascent: 520 m
10 teams at the start, all in the ranking.

The team competition in the Nordic combined was held in Calgary for the first time at the Olympic Games. The German team, which had already won the home World Cup in Oberstdorf the year before , at that time with Hermann Weinbuch instead of Hubert Schwarz, was able to secure Olympic gold at this premiere just ahead of the Swiss. After the jumping, Switzerland was only in 6th place (4:52 minutes behind). During the run, Austria even took the lead for a short time thanks to the starter Csar. Surprisingly, co-favorite Norway remained without a medal. The Soviet Union could not compete after Allar Levandi was out and a replacement could not be nominated.

literature

• Cross-country skiing at the Olympic Winter Games: List of Olympic champions in cross-country skiing. Edited by the Bucher Group, General Books Verlag, 2010, 188 pages.

Web links

• Results of the 1988 Winter Olympics at www.fis-ski.com, accessed on February 24, 2013.
• Cross-country skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
• Ski jumping at the Olympic Winter Games 1988 in the database of Sports-Reference (English; archived from the original )
• Nordic combined at the 1988 Winter Olympics in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
• Official report of the 1988 Winter Olympics (PDF; 11.1 MB)

Individual evidence

1. ^ "The problems with the relay": In: Sport Zürich, February 22, 1988, p. 11.
2. ^ "Olympia Total": In: Sport Zürich, February 22, 1988, p. 15.
3. ↑ «Alois Schwarz:" I divided my strength well "» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 17, 1988, p. 22 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized version).
4. ↑ "failed on the wax choice" and "OLYMPIA TOTAL" and "Austrian flags at half-mast again": In: Sports Zurich, February 17, 1988, p 12, 13, 28th
5. ^ "A milestone in Swiss cross-country skiing" and "Andi Grünenfelder: This is absolutely my greatest success". In: Sport Zürich, February 29, 1988, p. 15.
6. ↑ "Swan" literally flew away . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 29, 1988, p. 19 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
7. ↑ The squadron dream burst . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 22, 1988, p. 20 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized version).
8. ↑ With Gandler we would have mixed for bronze . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 24, 1988, p. 22 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized version).
9. ↑ «Swiss medal dream just missed» and «With special preparation». In: Sport Zürich, February 24, 1988, p. 8.
10. ^ «Matikainen broke through the USSR phalanx» and «OLYMPIA TOTAL». In: Sport Zürich, February 15, 1988, pp. 9 and 27.
11. ↑ «Soviet runner disqualified». In: Sport Zürich, February 26, 1988, p. 23.
12. ^ «A cold prevented Gilli» and «OLYMPIA TOTAL». In: Sport Zürich, February 26, 1988, pp. 15 and 16.
13. ↑ The USSR dominated . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 26, 1988, p. 29 ( Arbeiter-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
14. ↑ «OLYMPIA TOTAL». In: Sport Zürich, February 22, 1988, p, 15.
15. ↑ «Austrian flags at half mast again». In: Sport Zürich, February 17, 1988, p. 28.
16. ↑ Heinz Kuttin's second gold, best doping for Calgary! In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 8, 1988, p. 18 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
17. ↑ «Matti Nykänen in a class of its own». In: Sport Zürich, February 15, 1988, p. 10.
18. ↑ Ski jumper "Eddie the Eagle" conquers the big screen , video for Michael Edwards on n-tv.de, accessed on April 26, 2017
19. ↑ «OLYMPIA PROGRAM». In: Sport Zürich, February 12, 1988, p. 23
20. ↑ «There is no explanation for the Nykänen phenomenon» and «OLYMPIA TOTAL». In: Sport Zürich, February 26, 1988, pp. 10 and 15.
21. ↑ ^{a b} "Halber Nykänen" would have been enough for the medal . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 26, 1988, p. 30 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized version).
22. ↑ Gloss: «Iooo stories» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 16, 1988, p. 23 ( Arbeiter-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
23. ↑ Kuttin and Felder fix . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 17, 1988, p. 23 ( Arbeiter-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
24. ↑ "Constant wind kills play". In: Sport Zürich, February 19, 1988, p. 10.
25. ↑ «There is no explanation for the Nykänen phenomenon». In: Sport Zürich, February 26, 1988, p. 10.
26. ↑ Finland's wonder flew away from everyone . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 25, 1988, p. 1 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
27. ↑ Sulzenbacher gave away a bigger lead . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 29, 1988, p. 15 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
28. ^ Sulzenbacher powerless against Sprinter Kempf . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna March 1, 1988, p. 22 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized version).
29. ↑ «We can be proud of Klaus». In: Kleine Zeitung, March 1, 1988, pp. 32/33.
30. ↑ Sulzenbacher saved bronze . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 25, 1988, p. 19 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).