Jagodina

Јагодина
Jagodina

Serbian Orthodox Church of St. Apostles Peter and Paul

Basic data

State :

Serbia

Okrug :

Pomoravlje

Coordinates :

43 ° 59 ' N , 21 ° 15' E Coordinates: 43 ° 58 '53 " N , 21 ° 14' 44" E

Height :

116 m. i. J.

Residents :

36,092 (2011)

Telephone code :

(+381) 035

Postal code :

35,000

License plate :

YES

Structure and administration (as of February 8, 2014)

Mayor :

Ratko Stevanović (JS)

Website :

www.jagodina.org.rs

Jagodina ^{? / i} (Serbian-Cyrillic Јагодина; from 1946 to 1992 Светозарево /Svetozarevo) is a town in the center of thePomoravljedistrict inSerbia. It has 36,092 inhabitants and is the administrative seat of the municipality of the same name with an area of 470 km² and a population of 71,195. Jagodina is one of the most important industrial cities in central Serbia today.

Surname

Throughout its history, the city has had three names: Jagodna , Jagodina and Svetozarevo . The city was first mentioned in writing on July 15, 1399 under the name Jagodna in a report by Princess Milica Hrebeljanović and her sons Stefan and Vuk Lazarević, which was addressed to the city of Dubrovnik .

According to legend, Jagodna was named after a Serbian landlady named Jagoda , whose name is derived from the Serbian word jagoda , which means strawberry or berry. Other sources derive the name directly from jagoda . The current name developed from this later.

After the end of World War II the city on September 22, 1946 underwent a name change by the authorities of socialist Yugoslavia and, after Svetozar Marković in Svetozarevo - which can be translated into "City of Svetozar" - renamed one of the most important intellectuals of the Serbian intellectual history of late 19th century. After the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1991, the citizens of the city decided in a referendum in 1992 in favor of renaming Jagodina. Since then, the city has had its current name.

Geographical location

Jagodina has the geographical position: 43 ° 58 ′ 53 ″ north latitude , 21 ° 14 ′ 44 ″ east longitude . It has an area of 470 square kilometers and is 116 meters above the Adriatic Sea in the central part of the Serbian heartland. The city is located on the Belica at the foot of the Đurđevo hill in the Šumadija region in the center of the Pomoravlje region . Jagodina is located 136 kilometers south of the capital Belgrade , 42 km east of Kragujevac and 100 kilometers north of Niš in the valley of the Morava , which flows through the city, as does the Lugomir. To the east of the Morava valley are the mountains Juhor (755 m) and Crni vrh (708 m).

The region around Jagodina is predominantly mountainous, but due to the juxtaposition of mountains , plateaus , basin landscapes and river plains, it is considered to be a topographically diverse and varied area.

The Jagodina municipality borders a total of seven municipalities. To the north to that of Svilajnac and to the northeast to Despotovac and northwest to Batočina . In the south on Paraćin and southeast on Ćuprija , west on Kragujevac and southwest on Rekovac .

climate

Jagodina is located in the temperate climate zone . The climate is strongly continental with cold winters and hot summers. The annual mean temperature is 11.5 ° C. The coldest month is January with an average of 0.8 ° C, the warmest is July with 22.2 ° C. The annual rainfall is around 619 mm. The maximum is reached in June with 83 mm, the minimum in February with 35 mm.

history

Prehistory and Antiquity

The region was already settled in the Neolithic Age. The Vinča culture , in the center of which lies Jagodina and produced one of the oldest known writing systems, the Vinča script , played an important role. Finds of prehistoric figures in the late 1990s on the outskirts of Belica near the city showed that the municipality was also already 5700 BC. Chr. Inhabited. An excavation by Serbian archaeologists in 2002 unearthed Europe's most extensive treasure trove from the early Neolithic . The hoard from Belica should be around 7,700 years old and consists of about 80 individual objects, from different raw materials were manufactured. Many of these pieces puzzled the researchers ; As part of a joint project, the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory of the University of Tübingen and the Archaeological Institute of the University of Belgrade began an investigation . During an inspection in 2012, remnants of an early Neolithic settlement were found through the scattered finds .

The oldest inhabitants of the region mentioned in history were the Triballers , who founded a settlement near the present-day village of Novo Lanište and were later associated with the Serbs . In the histories of Herodotus , a level is named after them, the “triballic level”, which was partially identified as the Morava valley . They were followed by the Scordisci that on a nearby summit of Juhor - Mountains a fortress founded. The Romans conquered Jagodina in 74 BC. And later built a fortress on Djurdjevo hill. At the time of the Roman Empire , the area belonged to the province of Moesia . Since the division of the empire in 395, it has belonged to the Byzantine Empire . Serbs have settled in the area since the 6th century.

From the Middle Ages to the end of the 19th century

From the 6th century on, Serbian tribal leaders united in south-eastern Europe and formed principalities that were later under the sovereignty of Byzantium, but remained largely independent and of which Raszien was the most important. The city of Jagodina was located in the far east of this principality. The top man there was the so-called Großžupan , who was recognized as a leader by the other Župans. From 830 Raszien reached under Großžupan Vlastimir (829-860) largely his independence, which experienced a first bloom under his leadership.

In 1183 the Großžupan Stefan Nemanja (1167–1196) liberated the region around Jagodina completely from Byzantine rule and united it with other Serbian domains to form a kingdom. After that, the Serbian Empire developed under the Nemanjić dynasty into an important empire that encompassed almost all of south-eastern Europe. Especially under Tsar Dušan (1331–1355), the first Serbian Tsar and most powerful of all Serbian rulers, it reached its climax as the Greater Serbian Empire. Dušan himself became the most powerful king in southeast Europe.

With his new title as ruler of Ostrom , Dušan openly claimed the throne of Byzantium. He came into conflict with the Byzantine Emperor John VI. Kantakuzenos . Under pressure from all sides, Kantakuzenos called the Ottomans for help and formed dangerous alliances with them, since he was able to bring the enemy into his own house. This set the course for the Ottomans' invasion of Southeast Europe and with it not only the decline of Byzantium, but also that of the Greater Serbian Empire, in which Jagodina was to remain one of the last defensive posts.

Dušan's son and successor Stefan Uroš V (1355–1371) could not hold the empire together. The feudal lords became more and more independent, partly with the help and influence of external rivals of Serbia, while others recognized Uroš nominally, but acted like sovereign rulers in their areas. The empire had lost large areas in the early 1360s, so that it only had central Serbia, including Jagodina, in its hand. After the extinction of the Nemanjids and the collapse of the Serbian Empire, Lazar Hrebeljanović (1371-1389) emerged as the most powerful feudal lord of Serbia in 1371 . The capital of his principality was Kruševac, 45 kilometers south of Jagodina .

Finally, at the end of the 14th century, the Ottomans pushed forward several times against Serbia, which stubbornly resisted military occupation and was mainly able to win the first battles under Lazar. In 1389 there was the battle on the Amselfeld , in which the last remaining Christian empire of south-eastern Europe was to be subjugated and thus the last obstacle to the takeover of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottomans would have been removed. The battle of Amselfeld ended without a clear winner, and the leaders of both forces fell, including Lazar.

As a result, however, the resistance of the Serbian princes against a military or numerically superior opponent was so weakened that the Serbian army and its allies had to recognize the suzerainty of the Ottomans, whereby the remaining Serbian principality was subject to tribute , although Lazar's son Stefan Lazarević and above all Vuk Branković and his descendants resisted long after the battle. On July 8, 1411, the Serbian Imperial Assembly, led by Lazarević, took place in Jagodina, which served to further defend the Serbian lands against the Ottoman troops advancing from the south.

Initially successful due to the bitter Serbian resistance, where even parts of Serbia could be liberated again, especially between 1427 and 1459 under the rule of Đurađ Branković , Jagodina finally fell under Ottoman rule in the 15th century. From 1459 the region was ruled by Serbian vassals who were under the care of the Ottoman Empire for the next 350 years, until the liberation of the Serbian heartland in 1804, due to the consequences of several Serbian uprisings against the occupiers. In a Serbian declaration of 1737 the war of liberation against the Ottoman occupation in Jagodina was declared.

During the First Serbian Uprising (1804) Jagodina was liberated by Karađorđe , leader of the uprising and founder of the Karađorđević dynasty , and his army. However, this uprising was crushed by the Ottomans in 1813. In 1815 the Second Serbian Uprising broke out under the leadership of Miloš Obrenović , who founded the Obrenović dynasty . The uprising eventually led to limited independence and the creation of the Principality of Serbia . In 1833 the Principality's autonomy rights were specified. Thus Serbia was de facto independent, which led to Jagodina's economic boom. From 1833 to the end of the century, numerous companies were founded, including a glass factory , a pharmacy and a bank , but also facilities such as a hospital and a train station were built. With the Berlin Congress in 1878, the principality achieved its full independence through international recognition. In 1882 it was converted into the Kingdom of Serbia .

From the 20th century

Houses in the city center

Jagodina's economic development continued into the new century. At the beginning of the 20th century , the city was owned by numerous industrial companies as well as handicraft and trading businesses . After the First World War , the Kingdom of Serbia united with other southern Slavic regions in 1918 to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia .

During the Second World War , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was dissolved by the German Empire and the Kingdom of Italy in April 1941 . As a vassal state, Serbia was militarily occupied by the Wehrmacht , as was Jagodina. After over three years of occupation, the city was taken on October 17, 1944 by the Red Army and then by the advancing Yugoslav People's Liberation Army . From 1945 Jagodina belonged to the socialist second Yugoslavia .

population

According to the result of the last census from 2011, the town of Jagodina had 36,092 inhabitants, while the municipality had 71,195 inhabitants. The population has increased by 301 people since the last census in 2002. 50.70% of the total population live in the city itself, while 49.30% live in the surrounding settlements.

economy

Jagodina has experienced an economic and infrastructural boom since 2004. Mainly residential and commercial areas were built in the area of the city . The best-known companies that have their origins here include the cable factory FKJ , the Jagodina brewery and the Juhor meat factory . Jagodina also has an industrial park with an area of 150 hectares , on which companies, some of which are internationally renowned, have settled. In recent years, supported by subsidies from the Serbian government , the city has already signed contracts for investments worth 120 million euros with five Italian and one Russian companies. An Austrian group is also active in Jagodina. Jagodina is one of the most important industrial cities in central Serbia today .

An Austrian consortium , consisting of the company Porr Umwelttechnik , a subsidiary of the Porr construction group , and the disposal company Werner & Weber , has been involved in municipal waste management via the subsidiary Porr-Werner & Weber-Srbija since 2007 . In 2010, a recycling center and the Gigoš landfill were completed 10 kilometers away . The consortium contributed 8 million euros. The recycling plant started with a daily capacity of 250 tons of garbage. The landfill, built in accordance with the highest European environmental protection standards , covers an area of 15.5 hectares .

At the beginning of 2013 the company Confezioni Andrea Serbia was established in Jagodina , the subsidiary of the Bari-based Confezioni Andrea Group , the European market leader in the field of car covers, which supplies Ferrari , Porsche and Mercedes-Benz , among others . The Volgograd- based company North Karton began building a production facility for corrugated cardboard and cardboard packaging in June 2013 , which will occupy an area of 15,000 square meters. A month later, the Dalla Valentina company announced that it would build a dairy in Jagodina. The Verona- based company, which operates one of the largest cheese factories in Italy, produces the famous Monte Veronese cheese, among other things .

Another company that will have a plant in the city is Vibac , the world leader in the packaging and marking industry ; construction of the plant began at the end of 2013. It will be the company's largest subsidiary outside of Italy. At the end of 2013, the city also laid the foundation stone for the Vivo Shopping-Park shopping center , which is being built on a site near the Đurđevo brdo tourist complex . The future shopping center will cover an area of 25,000 square meters.

At the beginning of 2014, two other companies started production in Jagodina. Mobil Turi from Modugno , one of the leading manufacturers of kitchen furniture in Italy, started production in a factory hall in which 200 kitchens are to be produced daily. At the same time, a production site of its own will be built in the city's commercial zone on an area of 40,000 square meters, which will be located near traffic corridor 10 and will be its first subsidiary in Eastern Europe . 700 kitchens were to be produced there every day. The second company is the car seat manufacturer Aunde from Poirino , the world's leading manufacturer of upholstery and textiles for car interiors, which supplies numerous car manufacturers . For the future, other foreign companies have announced that they will settle there. In addition to industry , tourism is also becoming an increasingly important economic factor in the city.

Sports

The city has a sports hall with a capacity of 2600 spectators and a tennis complex .

The city's most famous sports club is the FK Jagodina football club , which plays its home games in the Gradski stadium Jagodina with a capacity of 15,000 . The club finished fourth in the 2012/13 season and qualified for the 2011/12 Europa League . In the 2012/13 season the club repeated the success and took part in the 2012/13 Europa League . In addition, the football club won after a 1: 0 in the final against Vojvodina in November Sad the Serbian Cup -2013.

The basketball club KK Jagodina is back in the 2nd basketball league after the 2012/13 season, after having been promoted to the 1st basketball league for a year .

The women's handball club ŽORK Jagodina plays in the top division of Serbia, the Super League .

Leisure and Tourism

At the foot of the Đurđevo hill , several sports and tourist facilities have been built in recent years. In addition to the dense, walkable forests that are characteristic of the region, the monasteries Jošanica , Ravanica , Kalenić and Manasija , important monuments of Serbian medieval culture, are located around the town , while the most important objects from older history are kept in the local museum . The city is much better known for the Jagodina wax museum , the first in southern and eastern Europe and the sixth in Europe. There you can see personalities who have characterized Serbian history , culture , science , sport and politics .

You can also see personalities from the Middle Ages there, such as the Sava of Serbia or Tsar Dušan , to well-known writers such as the Nobel Prize winner Ivo Andrić and the poet Desanka Maksimović, but also sports greats such as the basketball players Vlade Divac and Aleksandar Đorđević , or even the Serbian Patriarch Pavle who died in 2011 . The wax museum also exhibits original costumes, weapons, copies of rare books, monastery models and war flags - everything that characterizes the time in which the greats lived.

The city is also known for its Aquapark, the only one in Serbia with seven swimming pools , one of which is Olympic. The water slide system has a total length of 600 meters and is the largest in Southeast Europe. In addition, there are places for indoor soccer , basketball , handball and volleyball , and a skateboard - course and tables for table tennis . Jagodina also owns a zoo, the Zoo Park Jagodina , in which around 350 animals live on an area of 2.5 hectares. The zoo meets all international standards and is said to be one of the most beautiful in the Balkans. Another popular leisure facility is the Potok picnic area with a summer stage for 1200 spectators.

Exhibitions and events

In April 2014 the “9th International dog show with CACIB of the FCI ”. It was organized by the "Jagodina Crynological Association" founded in 1964 for the 50th anniversary of its existence, which was carried out under the direction of the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). At this dog show , the Certificat d'Aptitude au Championnat International de Beauté (CACIB) is awarded to pedigree dogs . 93 breeds from 15 European countries were awarded.

Future development

End of 2013 saw a team of experts in Sabac -based company Hidrooprema after it had received a drilling permit of the Serbian Ministry of Natural Resources and Regional Planning, a hot spring in Jagodina and thereby confirmed plans to build the sanatorium Jagodinska Banja and the development of health tourism in the city. The thermal spring with a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius at the outlet was discovered at a depth of 400 meters.

Attractions

Zebra in the Jagodina Zoo

Aquapark Jagodina, built in 2007 and one of the most modern in Southeast Europe
Botanical garden of the teaching faculty with 240 plant species, 30 of which are exclusively found in the region
Jagodina Archaeological Museum
Ice rink , opened in 2013, with an area of 520 square meters
Wooden Church of St. Sava (Kolare)
Church of the Archangel Michael
Kalenić Monastery
Manasija Monastery
Ravanica Monastery
Jagodina Art Museum with over 2500 pictures, sculptures and drawings by domestic and foreign artists

Church of St. Apostles Peter and Paul (Jagodina)

Serbian Orthodox Monastery Jošanica of the Morava School

Djurdjevo Brdo City Park (Djurdjevo Hill)

Jagodina Local History Museum with over 100,000 exhibits

Jagodina Public Library

Jagodina wax museum

Jagodina Zoo Park

traffic

The city is connected to the pan-European transport corridor X via the E-75 . There are also numerous bus routes and a train station.

The city of Jagodina owned an airport , but it was closed in 1952. In 2011 the airfield was renovated, licensed and reopened and has since been mainly used by the Aero Club Jagodina flying club . The square received an illuminated runway for aircraft up to 5.7 tons with a length of 660 meters and 60 meters wide, which should represent the beginning of a future airport, as well as parking areas, a hangar and stainless steel tank for fuel as well as flight operations building .