Brazilian-German relations

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Brazilian-German relations
Location of Germany and Brazil
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Germany Brazil

The states of Brazil and Germany maintain diverse and friendly relations. Germany has its only strategic partnership in Latin America with Brazil .

German ambassadors in Brazil have been accredited since 1867 and Brazilian ambassadors in Germany since 1868 . In 1974 Brazil also established diplomatic relations with the GDR .

A few million German- Brazilian people live in Brazil, especially in the south of the country. The local Oktoberfest in Blumenau, with around 600,000 visitors annually, is one of the largest Oktoberfest outside Germany .

history

To 1900

Hans Staden's book from 1557

Johannes Varnhagen , who was one of the astronomers in Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet during the Portuguese occupation of Brazil in 1500, can be considered the first German in Brazil . Hans Staden was a German soldier in the Portuguese service in the 16th century and wrote the first book on Brazil in German ( Warhaftige Historia , 1557).

With the marriage between the Portuguese Crown Prince and later Emperor of Brazil, D. Pedro , and the Austrian Archduchess Leopoldina in 1817, German artists, craftsmen and scientists also came to Brazil, where the Portuguese royal family had taken shelter from Napoleon's invading armies in 1807 .

The second German immigrant group came in 1818, organized by Georg Anton Schäffer . They founded the first German settlement in Brazil, Frankenthal, which was followed in 1820 by Nova Friburgo , initially founded by the Swiss .

On September 7, 1822, D. Pedro declared Brazil independent and was then proclaimed Emperor of Brazil . In 1823 Georg Anton Schäffer came to Germany as a representative of the Brazilian emperor to recruit settlers and mercenaries. Then the German immigration began in Brazil , u. a. from the Hunsrück and the West Palatinate .

Both countries have had direct diplomatic missions since 1867 and 1868 respectively .

1917: President Venceslau Brás signs the declaration of war on the German Empire

Since 1900

During the First World War , Brazil sent the German Empire its declaration of war on October 26, 1917 , but hardly took any active part in the war.

The authoritarian Estado Novo regime of the 1930s under Getúlio Vargas initially approached Nazi Germany cautiously , since Germany was still the country's most important foreign trade partner after the USA. However, after the attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent entry into the war by the USA, Brazil moved closer to the Allies because of its close political and economic ties to the USA. After the increasing sinking of unarmed Brazilian ships by German submarines, Brazil declared war on the Axis powers on August 22, 1942 . The Brazilian Expeditionary Corps consisted of 25,000 soldiers in Europe who were deployed in Italy from July 2, 1944 to May 6, 1945. 463 Brazilians were killed.

In the course of the rise of the German economy after the collapse of Nazi Germany, known as the " economic miracle ", there was also an enormous increase in German exports. At the same time, the Brazilian economy also showed growth. German investments in Brazil followed, including the founding of Volkswagen do Brasil in 1953 .

As part of the first international building exhibition in 1957 , the Oscar-Niemeyer-Haus was built in Berlin , based on plans by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer , grandson of a Brazilian of German descent.

Chancellor Merkel visits President Dilma Rousseff

In the further course of Brazilian history, the country went through a series of domestic political crises, but continued to grow economically despite all the problems. The investments of German companies grew with it.

In Brazil and Germany there has been increasing self-confidence since the 1990s. In Brazil, this was associated with the consolidation after the return to democracy in the mid-1980s, and the resource-rich country also benefited from the growing world economy. As an export country, the Federal Republic of Germany also benefited from the growing world economy, and after reunification in 1990 it had gained in area and population and thus also in political weight in the changed world situation after the end of the Cold War . Since then, both countries are striving together in the G4 nations organized a reform of the UN Security Council , which both of them permanent seats on the UN Security Council to secure.

Brazil is a partner country of German development cooperation . The cooperation focuses on the protection of the rainforest and the development of renewable energies. The portfolio of German development cooperation projects in Brazil had a total value of 1.76 billion euros in 2019.

diplomacy

Main building of the Brazilian Embassy in Berlin

The Federal Republic of Brazil is represented in Germany by the Brazilian Embassy in Berlin , and Brazilian consulates general have been set up in Frankfurt am Main and Munich .

There are Brazilian honorary consulates in Aachen , Bremen , Düsseldorf , Hamburg , Hanover , St. Leon-Rot and Stuttgart .

The Federal Republic of Germany maintains its official representation in Brazil with the German Embassy in Brasília , and German Consulates General are located in Porto Alegre , Recife , Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo .

German honorary consulates exist in Anápolis , Belém (Pará) , Belo Horizonte , Blumenau , Campo Grande (São Paulo) , Cuiabá , Curitiba , Fortaleza , Joinville , Manaus , Natal , Ribeirão Preto , Rolândia , Salvador , Santos and Vitória .

economy

1972 Beetle ( Fusca ) by VW do Brasil

Despite its domestic political and economic crisis since 2012, Brazil remains Germany's most important trading partner in Latin America.

In 2015, Germany exported goods and services worth almost 10 billion euros to Brazil, from where it imported around 8.5 billion euros. From Brazil, the Federal Republic primarily sources iron ore, soy and soy products, coffee and coffee products, auto parts, civil aircraft, machines, meat, copper and crude oil. Germany's main exports to Brazil are machinery, cars and auto parts, basic chemicals, pharmaceutical products, electrical engineering and metal goods.

In addition, over 1,300 German-Brazilian companies operate there themselves, around 900 of them in São Paulo alone. This makes the city one of the most important German business locations. The German-Brazilian companies together employ around 250,000 people, including Volkswagen do Brasil with 22,000 employees. Despite the crisis, German direct investment was still around 1 billion euros in 2014. The total stock of German investments in Brazil is currently estimated at over 20 billion euros (as of the end of 2016).

For Brazil, Germany ranked third among the supplier countries and fifth among the customer countries in 2015. From a German perspective, Brazil ranked 24th for imports and 26th for exports in the same period.

The German Chambers of Commerce Abroad (AHK) have three offices in Brazil . In addition to Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro , the AHK in São Paulo should be mentioned, which also has two branches (in Curitiba and Blumenau ) and seven branches throughout the country. The Federal Agency Germany Trade and Invest is also active in Brazil.

Since the early 1980s, the annual German-Brazilian Business Days have held meetings between the industrial associations of both countries.

Entry, taxation and social security

German citizens can enter Brazil for tourist or business purposes for a maximum of 90 days without a visa . Similar earlier regulations were replaced by the entry agreement between the EU and Brazil that came into effect on October 1, 2012.

Brazilian nationals have been able to enter Germany without a visa since 1956, last regulated on January 1, 2009 (amendment to § 16 AufenthV), but not for gainful purposes.

A German double taxation agreement with Brazil has long been called for, but is still not in sight.

On December 3, 2009 the “German-Brazilian Agreement on Social Security” was concluded. The agreement, which came into force on May 1, 2013, regulates in particular the compulsory insurance for posted workers, the aggregation of insurance periods and the export of benefits. The agreement contains country-specific features, but was generally designed on the basis of the social security regulations that also apply within the EU / EEA states and in Switzerland (Regulation (EEC) No. 1408/71 and (EC) 883 / 2004).

The German School at Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro

education

There are eight German schools in Brazil , including the German School Rio de Janeiro and the Colégio Humboldt São Paulo . The Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro is even considered the largest of all German schools abroad .

There is a lively exchange between students and universities in both countries. For example, in 2015, 812 German students with a DAAD scholarship came to Brazil through the German Academic Exchange Service and 4,909 Brazilian students came to Germany.

Culture

Samba dancer at the Cologne Rose Monday procession (2013)

The Goethe-Institut has facilities at six locations in Brazil: Brasília , Curitiba , Porto Alegre , Rio de Janeiro , Salvador and São Paulo .

Samba dance groups also take part in many German carnival parades . There are also Brazilian festivals in Germany, of which the Coburg Samba Festival is considered the largest.

In Germany, many private institutions give Capoeira , Samba dance and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu courses.

In Brazil there are some Oktoberfests (also Festa da cerveja ), of which the one in Blumenau is best known, but Igrejinha and Santa Cruz do Sul should also be mentioned.

Town twinning

literature

With the Festa Literária Internacional de Paraty , an important literature festival has been held here since 2003. Paraty is the birth town of Julia da Silva-Bruhns , mother of the German writer Thomas Mann .

Paulo Coelho can be considered the most widely read author from Brazil in Germany .

The Brazilian writer João Ubaldo Ribeiro lived in Germany for 15 months after the fall of the Wall in 1990/1991. He came as a DAAD artist grant and, at the request of the Frankfurter Rundschau, wrote down his impressions from Germany in the first year of reunification. A selection of his glosses was published as a book under the title "A Brazilian in Berlin" both in Brazil and in Germany. The Suhrkamp Verlag brought out the book and a large number of other publications by Ribeiro in German translation. The German-Portuguese TFM-Verlag published a bilingual edition in 2010.

Many classics of Brazilian literature have also appeared in Germany, including works by Jorge Amado , Lima Barreto's “The Sad End of Policarpo Quaresma” and Machado de Assi's books “ Dom Casmurro ” and “ The Subsequent Memoirs of Bras Cubas ”. In addition, there have been repeated publications on Brazilian literature in Germany ( Dietrich Briesemeister , Ulrich Fleischmann , Thomas Sträter and others).

music

In Germany, which is Brazilian music relatively well known, especially samba music , bossa nova and occasionally Baile Funk . In 2011/2012 Michel Teló's hit was Ai Se Eu Te Pego! omnipresent in Germany too. The last time that was comparable was the world hit Lambada in 1989/1990. The best-known Brazilian song, however, is likely to be The Girl from Ipanema as well in Germany , alongside Chico Buarque's Samba A Banda , which became known here from 1968, especially in the German version of France Gall as Zwei Orfelsinen im Haar .

Heitor Villa-Lobos can also be regarded as the best-known Brazilian composer of classical music in Germany , of whom a large number of works have been performed in Germany and published on recordings.

The Autoramas 2010 in Weikersheim

There is a lively exchange with Germany, especially in the Brazilian punk scene . The Brazilian hardcore punk group Agrotóxico and the German punk band Rasta Knast have enjoyed a long friendship that has taken them on several tours through both countries. The most important Brazilian punk bands such as Ratos de Porão , Cólera and Olho Seco have already been on tour in Germany, as has the traditional Oi / street punk band Garotos Podres , who also released an EP here in 1995. Flicts, Sick Terror or Autoramas are other bands that have also released records here and have visited Germany many times. Among the German punk bands that have already played in Brazil, The Doctors and the Terror Group are the best-known names.

The metal scene in Brazil is internationally known . The best-known name is probably Sepultura , which has been to Germany several times. Since 2010 they have been under contract with the German label Nuclear Blast . Sarcófago , Soulfly , Viper or Vulcano are some of the many names from Brazil, also known in the German metal scene.

Movie and TV

German films rarely come to Brazilian cinemas. Brazilian films are shown only a little more frequently in German cinemas. Among the most famous Brazilian films of the classics are here Orfeu Negro (1959), who is also on the Berlinale 1998 excellent Central Station , the equally successful and pioneering City of God (2002), the international production Blindness (2008) and the controversial Tropa de Elite , which was awarded a Golden Bear in Berlin in 2008 .

Cinema Novo , the new Brazilian film, is a household name among film buffs in Germany . The most important director is Glauber Rocha (1938–1981), the best-known Cinema Novo work is likely to be the 1969 film Macunaíma , which was also released in Germany .

Fitzcarraldo (1981) by director Werner Herzog , with Klaus Kinski and Claudia Cardinale in the title roles, is one of the best-known German films set in Brazil .

In 2013 the other homeland - Chronicle of a Longing themed the German immigration to Brazil. In 2016, Vor der Morgenröte, a German-French-Austrian film about the Brazilian exile of the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig was released .

One of the first telenovelas to come to Germany from Brazil was the groundbreaking television series Die Sklavin Isaura .

media

Brasil-Post header

In Germany, the Brazine , the Tópicos of the German-Brazilian Society and the biannual Brazil News appear three magazines about Brazil.

From 1950 to 2012 the Brasil-Post was published in Brazil , a German-language weekly newspaper of the German-Brazilian people .

Sports

Scene from the spectacular Brazil-Germany semi-final match at the 2014 World Cup

Brazil and Germany are among the world's largest soccer nations. Most recently, the semi-final game of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil caused emotions when the German selection surprisingly defeated the Brazilian team 7-1 and then became world champions against traditional Brazilian rivals Argentina. The clear semi-final defeat against Germany was received in Brazil with anger and sadness, but not with resentment or even anti-German comments.

There are also numerous Brazilian soccer players in the German Bundesliga . Particularly popular players were, for example, Dedê , Júlio César and Amoroso at Borussia Dortmund or Giovane Élber and Zé Roberto at FC Bayern Munich .

The football player Arthur Friedenreich (1892–1969) was the grandson of a German emigrant from Dahme in Brandenburg . Friedenreich is considered the world's most successful goalscorer of all time and one of the best footballers in Brazilian history, even though he suffered discrimination because of the color of his skin.

Web links

Commons : Brazilian-German Relations  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information from the German Foreign Office on relations with Brazil , accessed on January 6, 2017
  2. ↑ a b c Article by the Brazilian Embassy on www.berlin-lese.de, accessed on January 7, 2017
  3. ↑ Advertising office Dr. Georg Anton von Schäffer and the beginning of emigration to Brazil , article on the website on "Emigration from the regions of today's Rhineland-Palatinate" of the University of Mainz, accessed on January 7, 2017
  4. ^ Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development BMZ: Brazil - project and organizational data from Brazil. In: bmz.de. 2019, accessed October 5, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Information on Brazilian-German economic relations on the website of the Federal Foreign Office , accessed on January 7, 2017
  6. ↑ Compact economic data: Brazil , PDF access on the website of the Federal Agency Germany Trade and Invest , accessed on January 7, 2017
  7. ↑ Entry requirements for German citizens on the website of the Foreign Office, accessed on January 7, 2017
  8. ↑ Article on visa exemption for Brazilians on the private German website www.migrationsrecht.net, accessed on January 7, 2017
  9. ↑ A double taxation agreement with Brazil is overdue , article from February 13, 2012 on www.brasilnews.de, accessed on January 7, 2017
  10. ↑ Information on the German-Brazilian social security agreement at www.dierentenversicherungdigital.de, accessed on January 7, 2017
  11. ↑ DAAD country information page for Brazil , accessed on January 7, 2017
  12. ↑ João Ubaldo Ribeiro: Um Brasileiro em Berlim / A Brazilian in Berlin. TFM, Frankfurt am Main 2010, ISBN 978-3-939455-04-2
  13. ↑ 2014 World Cup: press comments on the Brazil-Aus , compilation of July 8, 2015 of the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel , accessed on January 7, 2016