Dvůr Králové nad Labem

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Dvůr Králové nad Labem
Coat of arms of Dvůr Králové nad Labem
Dvůr Králové nad Labem (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Královéhradecký kraj
District : Trutnov
Area : 3582 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 26 '  N , 15 ° 49'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 25 '59 "  N , 15 ° 48' 44"  E
Height: 298  m nm
Residents : 15,594 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 544 01 - 544 04
traffic
Railway connection: Pardubice – Liberec
structure
Status: city
Districts: 6th
administration
Mayor : Jan Jarolím (as of 2018)
Address: náměstí TG Masaryka 38
544 17 Dvůr Králové nad Labem
Municipality number: 579203
Website : www.mudk.cz
The central Masaryk Square
Town hall with church in the background

Dvůr Králové nad Labem [ dvuːr ˈkraːlɔvɛː ˈnadlabɛm ] (German Queen's Court on the Elbe ) is a town in the Okres Trutnov in the Czech Republic. It is from the same traversed and belongs to the region Hradec Králové ( Hradec Kralove ).

geography

Dvůr Králové located in Podkrkonoše to the main road 300, which of v Hořice Podkrkonoší according Trutnov ( Trautenau leads). Neighboring towns are Huntiřov ( Güntersdorf ) and Komárov ( Komar ) in the north, Kocbeře ( Rettendorf ) and Kohoutov ( Koken ) in the northeast, Choustníkovo Hradiště ( Gradlitz ) in the east, Žirec ( Schurz ) and Kuks ( Kukus ) in the southeast, Libotov ( Liebthal ) in the south, Doubravice u Dvora Králové ( Daubrowiz ) in the south-west, Nové Lesy ( Nowoles ) in the west and Verdek ( Werdek ) in the north-west. Les Království ( Kingdom Forest ) begins north of the city, and the dam of the same name is four kilometers upstream .

history

Was on the site of probably founded in the 12th century royal court during the reign of the Czech King II. Premysl Otakar a royal town founded, the 1270 documentary "Hof" (the first time as Curia ) was mentioned. It was walled in 1308 and enclosed with moats. Through four guarded gates one reached the feudal courtyard equipped with towers. This royal feudal court, which was considered inalienable, was only five kilometers east of the Miletín Teutonic Order, founded in 1261 . As a Trautenauer fiefdom, it belonged to the local aristocratic pawnbrokers, Baron Potha von Turgow , the feudal lords of Gradisst , Arnau and Hof, from 1316 . In 1365, Emperor Karl IV. Together with Trautenau, assigned the court to Duke Bolko II of Schweidnitz and his wife Agnes . After the death of Duchess Agnes in 1392, Hof and Trautenau fell to King Wenzel IV , who declared both cities to be the royal treasure of his wife Sophie of Bavaria . Subsequently, the place name "Königinhof" became established.

In the Hussite Wars , the Königinhof stood on the side of the Hussites and was administered by the Utraquists . In 1450 the Silesians attacked the city and burned it down. Because of its participation in the Bohemian class uprising in 1547, the city had to accept disadvantages. In the Thirty Years' War and the Silesian Wars , the population suffered harassment. During the German War , on June 29, 1866, the battle between Prussians and Austrians took place at the Königinhof .

Queenhof became famous at the beginning of the 19th century through the alleged discovery of the so-called Queen Hofer's manuscript , which the writer Václav Hanka claims to have found in the tower of the deanery church in 1817 and to whose memory a Zaboj monument was erected on the market square in 1857. At the end of the 19th century, however, the manuscript was used by historians, u. a. by Tomáš Masaryk , identified as a fake.

The city's economic development was favorably influenced by the South-North Railway , which opened in 1859. A Jewish community was founded in the second half of the 19th century and existed until 1942. Today the city is a center of the textile and mechanical engineering industries.

Attractions

Tower of the old city fortifications
  • Remains of the city fortifications
  • On the site of a previous building that burned down in 1572, a graffiti-decorated town hall was built by the builders Ulrico Aostalli and Franz Vlach. In 1833 the town hall was rebuilt.
  • The former Romanesque deanery church of John the Baptist was rebuilt with three aisles at the end of the 14th century and the vestibule added in 1588 and the tower added in 1644.
  • The cruciform church on the lower market was built in 1752.
  • In the former house of Anastasius Berger from 1738 there is now a museum.
  • The Dvůr Králové zoo is one of the largest in Europe and is home to around 290 animal species (specializing in African wildlife) and a safari park.
  • Villa Neumann

City structure

The town of Dvůr Králové nad Labem consists of the districts Dvůr Králové nad Labem ( Queen's Court on the Elbe ), Lipnice ( Lipnitz ), Verdek ( Werdeck ), Zboží ( Rennzähn ), Žireč ( Schurz ) and Žirecká Podstráň ( Schurzer people ) as well as the Locations Borek, Borovičky, Fibich, Harta, Nový Svět, Podháj, Podhart, Podlesí, Podměstí, Předměstí, Rovinky ( Ebenfeld ), Skřivánov ( Lerchenfeld ) and Sylvárov ( Silberleut ).

Twin cities

Personalities

literature

  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 274-275.
  • CJ v. B .: An attempt at a brief history of the city of Königinn-Hof, Worinnen XXX. Certificates are included . Prague 1782 ( e-copy )
  • Rudolf M. Wlaschek: On the history of the Jews in northeastern Bohemia: with special consideration of the southern Giant Mountains foreland . , Marburg / Lahn: J.-G.-Herder-Inst., 1987 ISBN 3-87969-201-7

Web links

Commons : Dvůr Králové nad Labem  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ Josef Emler : Regesta Bohemiae et Moraviae , ed. 1884, No. 294, p. 118.
  3. ↑ http: //www.jüdische-gemeinden.de/index.php/gemeinden/kl/1090-koeniginhof-elbe-boehmen Jewish community