List of heads of state 1570

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Africa

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Sarsa Dengel (1563–1597)

• Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
  • King / May: Idris III. Alooma (1564-1596)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Ahmad III. (1543–1570)
  • Caliph: Mulai Muhammad (1570–1574)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof : Lat-Samba (1566–1597)

• Kano
  • King: Abu-Bakr Kado (1565–1573)

• Congo
  • Mani-Congo : Alvaro I (1567–1587)

• Morocco ( Saadier )
  • Sultan : Abdallah al-Galib (1557–1574)

• Munhumutapa Empire
  • Ruler : Chisamharu Negomo Mupuzangutu (1560–1589)

• Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
  • Sultan : Dakin (1568–1585 / 86)

• Songhaeich (in West Africa)
  • Ruler : Daoud (1549–1582)

America

• Governorate of Brazil
  • Governor: Mem de Sá (1558–1572)

• Inca Empire
  • Inca : Titu Cusi Yupanqui (1561–1571)

• Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • Viceroy : Martín Enríquez de Almansa (1568–1580) (1581–1583 Viceroy of Peru)

• Viceroyalty of Peru
  • Viceroy : Francisco de Toledo (1569–1581)

Asia

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Longqing (1567–1572)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Ōgimachi (1557–1586)
  • Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Yoshiaki (1568–1573)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Seonjo (1567–1608)

• Mughal Empire
  • Great Mughal : Akbar I. (1556–1605)

• Persia ( Safavid dynasty)
  • Sultan: Tahmasp I (1524–1576)

• Thailand
  • King : Maha Tammarajathirat (1569–1590)

• Vietnam
  • North ( Mạc dynasty )
    • King: Mạc Mậu Hợp (1562–1592)
  • South ( Hậu Lê Dynasty )
    • King: Lê Anh Tông (1556–1573)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • King of Navarre : Henry III. (1562-1610)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Pere de Castellet (1561–1571)

• Denmark and Norway
  • King : Friedrich II. (1559–1588)

• England and Ireland
  • Queen : Elizabeth I (1558–1603)

• France
  • King : Charles IX. (1560–1574)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King and Emperor : Maximilian II. (1564–1576) (1564–1576 King of Bohemia, 1564–1576 King of Hungary, 1564–1576 Archduke of Austria)
  • Electoral College
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Salentin von Isenburg (1567–1577) (1574–1577 administrator of Paderborn)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Daniel Brendel von Homburg (1555–1582)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Jacob III. von Eltz (1567–1581) (1576–1581 Abbot of Prüm)
    • Kingdom of Bohemia
      • King : Maximilian (1564–1576) (1564–1575 Emperor, 1564–1576 King of Hungary, 1564–1576 Archduke of Austria)
    • Margraviate of Brandenburg
      • Elector : Joachim II (1535–1571)
    • Palatine County near the Rhine
      • Elector : Friedrich III. (1559–1576) (1557–1559 Duke of Palatinate-Simmern)
    • Duchy of Saxony
      • Elector : August (1553–1586)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Otto von Waldburg (1543–1573) (1553–1573 Provost von Ellwangen)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Veit II. Von Würtzburg (1561–1577)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Melchior von Lichtenfels (1554–1575)
    • Brandenburg Monastery (Protestant from 1544)
      • Bishop : Johann Georg von Brandenburg (1560–1571) (1571–1598 Elector of Brandenburg)
    • Archbishopric Bremen (from 1567 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1567–1585) (1574–1588 Administrator of Osnabrück, 1577–1585 Administrator of Paderborn)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Cristoforo Madruzzo (1542–1578) (1539–1567 Bishop of Trento)
    • Archbishopric of Cambrai
      • Archbishop : Maximilian de Berghes (1556–1570) (until 1559 bishop)
      • Archbishop: Ludwig von Berlaymont (1570–1596)
    • Cammin Monastery (Protestant bishops since 1545)
      • Bishop : Johann Friedrich von Pommern (1556–1574) (1567–1569 Duke of Pommern-Wolgast, 1569–1600 Duke of Pomerania-Stettin)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Christoph Schlattl (1558–1589)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Beatus a Porta (1565–1581)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Martin von Schaumberg (1560–1590)
  • Members of the Imperial Councilor with a virile vote (selection):
    • Austria : Archduke Maximilian II. (1564–1576), "directorium agens" in the Imperial Council of Princes
    • Salzburg : Prince Archbishop Johann Jakob Khuen von Belasi (1560–1586), “directorium qiescens” in the Imperial Council of Dukes
    • Baden-Baden : Margrave Philip II (1569–1588)
    • Baden-Durlach : Margrave Karl II. (1553–1577)
    • Bavaria : Duke Albrecht V (1550–1579)
    • Brandenburg-Ansbach : Margrave Georg Friedrich I (1543–1603)
    • Brandenburg-Kulmbach : Margrave Georg Friedrich I (1557–1603)
    • Braunschweig-Calenberg-Göttingen : Duke Erich II. (1545–1584)
    • Braunschweig-Grubenhagen : Duke Wolfgang (1567–1595)
    • Braunschweig - Lüneburg : Duke Wilhelm the Younger (1559–1592)
    • Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel : Duke Julius (1568–1589)
    • Hessen-Darmstadt : Landgrave Georg I (1567–1596)
    • Hessen-Kassel : Landgrave Wilhelm IV. (1567–1592)
    • Hessen-Marburg : Landgrave Ludwig IV (1567–1604)
    • Hesse-Rheinfels : Landgrave Philip II (1567–1583)
    • Jülich-Kleve-Berg : Duke Wilhelm the Rich (1539–1592)
    • Lorraine : Duke Charles III. (1545-1608)
    • Mecklenburg-Güstrow : Duke Ulrich (1555–1603)
    • Mecklenburg-Schwerin : Duke Johann Albrecht I (1556–1576)
    • Pfalz-Neuburg : Duke Philipp Ludwig (1569-1614)
    • Pfalz-Zweibrücken : Duke Johann I (1569–1604)
    • Pommern-Barth : Duke Bogislaw XIII. (1569–1605)
    • Pomerania-Stettin : Duke Johann Friedrich (1569–1600)
    • Pommern-Wolgast : Duke Ernst Ludwig (1569–1592)
    • Pomerania-Rügenwalde : Duke Barnim X. (1569–1602)
    • Saxony-Lauenburg : Duke Franz I (1543–1581)
    • Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach : Duke Johann Wilhelm (1554–1573)
    • Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf : Duke Adolf I (1544–1586)
    • Schleswig-Holstein-Hadersleben : Duke Johann II. (1544–1580)
    • Württemberg : Duke Ludwig (1568–1593)
  • Other imperial estates (selection):
    • Ortenburg : Count Joachim I (1551–1600)
    • East Frisia : Count Edzard II (1561–1599)

• Italian states
  • Genoa
    • Doge : Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia (1569–1571)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Pius V (1566–1572)
  • Parma and Piacenza
    • Duke : Ottavio Farnese (1547–1586)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Emanuel Philibert of Savoy (1553–1580) (1556–1559 governor of the Habsburg Netherlands)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Pietro Loredan (1567-1570)
    • Doge: Alvise Mocenigo I (1570–1577)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur : Honoré I (1532–1581)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Selim II (1566–1574)

• Poland
  • King : Sigismund II August (1548–1572)

• Portugal
  • King : Sebastian (1557–1578)

• Prussia
  • Duke : Albrecht Friedrich (1568–1577)

• Russia
  • Tsar : Ivan IV (1533–1584) (Grand Duke until 1547)

• Scotland
  • King : Jacob VI. (1567–1625) (1603–1625 King of England and Ireland)

• Sweden
  • King : Johann III. (1568–1592)

• Transylvania (separated from the Kingdom of Hungary as an independent principality in 1570)
  • Prince : Johann Sigismund Zápolya (1570–1571) (1540–1570 King of Hungary)

• Spain
  • King : Philip II (1556–1598) (1580–1598 King of Portugal)

• Hungary (rule disputed)
  • King : Maximilian (1564–1576) (1564–1575 Emperor, 1564–1576 King of Bohemia, 1564–1576 Archduke of Austria)
  • King: Johann Sigismund Zápolya (1540–1570) (1570–1571 Prince of Transylvania)

• Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
  • Voivode : Alexandru II. Mircea (1568–1574, 1574–1577 )