List of heads of state 1586

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Africa

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Sarsa Dengel (1563–1597)

• Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
  • King / May: Idris III. Alooma (1564-1596)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof : Lat-Samba (1566–1597)

• Kano
  • King: Muhammad Zaki (1582-1618)

• Congo
  • Mani-Congo : Alvaro I (1567–1587)

• Morocco ( Saadier )
  • Sultan : Ahmad al-Mansur (1578–1603)

• Munhumutapa Empire
  • Ruler : Chisamharu Negomo Mupuzangutu (1560–1589)

• Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
  • Sultan : Dakin (1568–1585 / 86)
  • Sultan: Dawra (1585 / 86–1587 / 88)

• Songhaeich (in West Africa)
  • Ruler : Askia Mohommed Bana (1586–1588)

America

• General Governorate of Brazil
  • Governor General: Manuel Teles Barreto (1582–1587)

• Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • Viceroy : Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga (1585–1590)

• Viceroyalty of Peru
  • Viceroy : Fernando Torres y Portugal (1584–1589)

Asia

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Wanli (1572-1620)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Ōgimachi (1557-1611)
  • Emperor: Go-Yōzei (1586–1611)
  • Shogun : unoccupied (1573-1603)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Seonjo (1567–1608)

• Mughal Empire
  • Great Mughal : Akbar I. (1556–1605)

• Persia ( Safavid dynasty)
  • Sultan: Muhammad (1577–1588)

• Thailand
  • King : Maha Tammarajathirat (1569–1590)

• Vietnam
  • North ( Mạc dynasty )
    • King: Mạc Mậu Hợp (1562–1592)
  • South ( Hậu Lê Dynasty )
    • King: Lê Thế Tông (1573–1599)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • King of Navarre : Henry III. (1562-1610)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Hugó Ambrós de Montcada (1580–1586)

• Denmark and Norway
  • King : Friedrich II. (1559–1588)

• England and Ireland
  • Queen : Elizabeth I (1558–1603)

• France
  • King : Heinrich III. (1574–1589)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King and Emperor : Rudolf II. (1576–1612) (1575–1611 King of Bohemia, 1576–1608 Archduke of Austria, 1576–1608 King of Hungary)
  • Electoral College
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Ernst von Bayern (1583–1612) (1566–1612 Bishop of Freising, 1573–1612 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1581–1612 Bishop of Lüttich, 1584–1612 Bishop of Münster, 1581–1612 Abbot of Stablo-Malmedy)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Wolfgang von Dalberg (1582–1601)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Johann VII. Von Schönenberg (1581–1599)
    • Kingdom of Bohemia
      • King : Rudolf II. , (1575–1611) (1576–1612 Emperor, 1576–1608 Archduke of Austria, 1576–1608 King of Hungary)
    • Margraviate of Brandenburg
      • Elector : Johann Georg (1571–1598) (1560–1571 administrator of Brandenburg)
    • Palatine County near the Rhine
      • Elector : Friedrich IV. (1583–1610)
    • Duchy of Saxony
      • Elector : August (1553–1586)
      • Elector: Christian I (1586–1591)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Marquard II of the Berg (1575–1591)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Ernst von Mengersdorf (1583–1591)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee (1575–1608)
    • Archbishopric Bremen (from 1567 Protestant administrators)
      • Administrator : Johann Adolf von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1585–1596) (1586–1607 Bishop of Lübeck, 1590–1616 Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Johann Thomas von Spaur (1578–1591)
    • Archbishopric of Cambrai
      • Archbishop : Ludwig von Berlaymont (1570–1596)
    • Cammin Monastery (Protestant bishops since 1545)
      • Bishop : Casimir of Pomerania (1574–1602) (1602–1605 Duke of Pommern-Rügenwalde)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Christoph Schlattl (1558–1589)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Peter Rascher (1581–1601)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Martin von Schaumberg (1560–1590)
  • Members of the Imperial Councilor with a virile vote (selection):
    • Austria : Archduke Rudolf V (1576–1612), "directorium agens" in the Imperial Council of Princes
    • Salzburg : Prince Archbishop Johann Jakob Khuen von Belasi (1560–1586), followed by Georg von Kuenburg (1586–1587), “directorium qiescens” in the Imperial Council
    • Baden-Baden : Margrave Philip II (1569–1588)
    • Baden-Durlach : Margrave Ernst Friedrich (1584–1604)
    • Bavaria : Duke Wilhelm V (1579–1597)
    • Brandenburg-Ansbach : Margrave Georg Friedrich I (1543–1603)
    • Brandenburg-Kulmbach : Margrave Georg Friedrich I (1557–1603)
    • Braunschweig-Grubenhagen : Duke Wolfgang (1567–1595)
    • Braunschweig - Lüneburg : Duke Wilhelm the Younger (1559–1592)
    • Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel : Duke Julius (1568–1589)
    • Hessen-Darmstadt : Landgrave Georg I (1567–1596)
    • Hessen-Kassel : Landgrave Wilhelm IV. (1567–1592)
    • Hessen-Marburg : Landgrave Ludwig IV (1567–1604)
    • Jülich-Kleve-Berg : Duke Wilhelm the Rich (1539–1592)
    • Lorraine : Duke Charles III. (1545-1608)
    • Mecklenburg-Güstrow : Duke Ulrich (1555–1603)
    • Mecklenburg-Schwerin : Duke Johann VII (1576–1592)
    • Pfalz-Neuburg : Duke Philipp Ludwig (1569-1614)
    • Pfalz-Zweibrücken : Duke Johann I (1569–1604)
    • Pommern-Barth : Duke Bogislaw XIII. (1569–1605)
    • Pomerania-Stettin : Duke Johann Friedrich (1569–1600)
    • Pommern-Wolgast : Duke Ernst Ludwig (1569–1592)
    • Pomerania-Rügenwalde : Duke Barnim X. (1569–1602)
    • Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach : Regent August von Sachsen (1572–1586), followed by Duke Johann Casimir (1586–1596) and Johann Ernst (1586–1596)
    • Saxony-Lauenburg : Duke Franz II (1581–1619)
    • Saxony-Weimar : Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I (1573–1602)
    • Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf : Duke Adolf I (1544–1586), followed by Friedrich II. (1586–1587)
    • Württemberg : Duke Ludwig (1568–1593)
  • Other imperial estates (selection):
    • Ortenburg : Count Joachim I (1551–1600)
    • East Frisia : Count Edzard II (1561–1599)

• Italian states
  • Genoa
    • Doge : Ambrogio Di Negro (1585–1587)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Sixtus V (1585–1590)
  • Parma and Piacenza
    • Duke : Ottavio Farnese (1547–1586)
    • Duke: Alessandro Farnese (1586–1592) (1578–1592 governor of the Habsburg Netherlands)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Karl Emanuel I (1580–1630)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Pasqual Cicogna (1585–1595)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur : Charles II (1581–1589)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Murad III. (1574–1595)

• Poland
  • King : Stephan Báthory (1575–1586) (Prince of Transylvania 1571–1576)

• Portugal (1580–1640 personal union with Spain)
  • King : Philip I (1580–1598) (1556–1598 King of Spain)
    • Viceroy : Albrecht of Austria (1583–1593) (1596–1621 governor of the Habsburg Netherlands)

• Prussia
  • Administrator : Georg Friedrich (1577–1603) (1543–1603 Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, 1577–1603 Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach)

• Russia
  • Tsar : Fyodor I (1584–1598)
    • Regent: Boris Godunow (1584–1598) (1598–1605 Tsar)

• Scotland
  • King : Jacob VI. (1567–1625) (1603–1625 King of England and Ireland)

• Sweden
  • King : Johann III. (1568–1592)

• Transylvania
  • Prince : Sigismund Báthory (1581–1598, 1598–1599, 1601, 1602 )

• Spain
  • King : Philip II (1556–1598) (1580–1598 King of Portugal)

• Hungary
  • King : Rudolf (1576–1608) (1576–1612 Emperor, 1575–1611 King of Bohemia, 1576–1608 Archduke of Austria)

• Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
  • Voivode : Mihnea Turcitul ( 1577––1583 , 1585–1591)