77 e regiment d'infanterie

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Régiment de Königsmarck
Régiment de La Marck
77 e regiment d'infanterie

77 ° regiment 1905.jpg

The 12th Company in 1905
active 1680 to 1940
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces infantry
Type regiment
Location Landau (Palatinate)
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Je tiens

The 77 e régiment d'infanterie was an infantry regiment, set up in 1680 as the Régiment de Königsmarck (also "Kœnigsmarck") in the Kingdom of France and in service during the Ancien Régime (thereafter with a few interruptions) until it was dissolved in 1940. Before unification by the in The numbering created by the revolution last bore the name of the Count of the Mark (Fr .: Comte de La Marck). It was a so-called foreign regiment (Régiment étrangère) and until 1791 consisted mainly of German-speaking mercenaries under German command with German and French officers .

Lineup and significant changes

By order of August 10, 1680, the unit was set up as Régiment de Königsmarck to 16 companies. 12 companies were taken over by the dissolved "Regiment de Fürstemberg".

  • 1686: Renamed the Régiment de Surbeck
  • 1693: Renamed the Régiment de Fürstemberg
  • 1697: Renamed the Régiment de La Marck
  • 1791: Renamed 77 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne - ci-devant de La Marck

On January 1, 1791, all regiments lost their names and were only given numbers. The regiment, which was temporarily provided with the name tag "ci-devant de La Marck" (German: formerly La Marck), was now under French command. In contrast to z. For example, with the Swiss regiments, which were dismissed on the basis of contractual agreements, soldiers of German origin could either remain or leave.

  • 1794: In the course of the premier amalgams , the regimental association was definitely dissolved. The 1st battalion was used as the trunk for the formation of the "141 e demi-brigade de bataille" and the 2nd battalion for the formation of the "142 e demi-brigade de bataille".

This initially ended the line of tradition until it was continued in 1855 with the renaming of the "2 e régiment d'infanterie légère" (2nd light infantry regiment) to 77 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne . However, this unit had nothing to do with the former regiment.

  • 1882: renamed 77 e régiment d'infanterie
  • 1914: During the mobilization , the regular reserve regiment , the "277 e régiment d'infanterie", was set up.
  • 1923: dissolution. The tradition was carried on by the 65 e RI .
  • 1939: re-establishment of the 77 e régiment d'infanterie
  • 1940: dissolution

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

  • August 10, 1680: Colonel Hans Karl von Königsmarck (fr .: Jean-Charles de Kɶnigsmarck)
  • October 25, 1686: Colonel Hans-Johann von Surbeck (fr .: Jean Jacques de Surbeck)
  • January 24, 1693: Colonel Ferdinand-Maximilien-Gaëtan-Joseph-Egon von Fürstenberg, Count of the Mark (fr .: Ferdinand Maximilien Gaëtan Joseph Egon de La Mark, comte de Furstemberg)
  • December 1, 1697: Colonel Ludwig-Peter-Engilbert, Count von der Mark (Fr .: Louis-Pierre-Engilbert, comte de La Marck)
  • April 29, 1727: Colonel Ludwig-Engilbert, Count von der Mark - son of the previous one (Fr .: Louis Engilbert, comte de La Marck).
April 21, 1759: Colonel Ludwig-Engilbert, Count von der Mark, gave up the active management of the regiment to his previous deputy, Lieutenant Colonel Baron Peter Christian von Wimpffen, for reasons of age.
  • October 19, 1773: Mestre de camp August Maria Raymond Graf von der Mark (fr .: Auguste Marie Raymond, comte de La Marck)
  • April 15, 1780: Mestre de camp Sigismund Baron (Fr .: Sigismond, baron de Zanthier)
  • April 30, 1784: Colonel Eberhard, Baron Han
  • September 21, 1788: Colonel Friedrich Baron Wurmser (Fr .: Frédéric, baron de Würmser)
  • October 12, 1788: Colonel Friedrich Anton Heinrich Baron von LeFort (fr .: Frédéric-Antoine-Henri, baron Lefort)
  • February 5, 1792: Colonel Charles-Ernest de Haack
  • July 8, 1792: Colonel Jacques-Melchior de Carlhan
  • November 10, 1792: Colonel Ambroise Goënhart
  • 1793: Colonel Jacques Maurice Hatry

(...)

  • March 14, 1859: Colonel Jean-Louis Guiomar
  • June 16, 1865: Colonel Étienne Emile Henry Barry
  • August 10, 1868: Colonel Victor Duchochois
  • December 22, 1868 to January 2, 1871: Colonel Victor Louis François Février
  • May 2, 1871: Colonel Louis-Marie Sautereau
  • February 18, 1881: Colonel Marie-Louis de Garnier des Garets
  • January 12, 1887: Colonel Nicolas Lebel
  • July 23, 1887: Colonel Henry-Marie-Anne de Cadoret
  • May 9, 1888: Colonel Louis Tanchot
  • December 27, 1893: Colonel Emmanuel-Auguste Lacoste
  • March 20, 1894: Colonel Emile-Lois Eugène Frater
  • April 17, 1898: Colonel Eugène Marius Gasquet
  • April 10, 1903: Colonel Paul-Edouard Pouradier-Duteil
  • September 25, 1904: Colonel Gustave-François-Louis Silhol
  • January 12, 1905: Colonel Albert-Gérard-Léo d'Amade
  • April 27, 1907: Colonel Paul Blaise Marcel Arrivet
  • September 29, 1910: Colonel Georges-Alfred-Gaston de Feraudy
  • May 24, 1914: Colonel Charles-Victor Lestoquoi
  • October 26, 1914: Chief de bataillon Baunard
  • January 30, 1915: Lieutenant-colonel Marie-Maurice-Michel de Beaupuis
  • December 27, 1915: Colonel Lecomte-Denis
  • January 31, 1916: Lieutenant-colonel Henneton
  • November 1, 1916: Lieutenant-Colonel Maillard, then Colonel
  • January 1, 1918: Lieutenant-Colonel Gaussot
  • May 6, 1918: Lieutenant-colonel Oherne
  • 1939:?

Royal Army flags

The regiment carried one body flag and at times up to 16 (one per company) orderly flags, but this was reduced to one flag per battalion for practical reasons. With the reorganization of January 1, 1791, new flags were issued. After King Louis XVI was deposed, the royal lilies were removed from these flags. The previous body flags were dropped in 1791 because there were no more regimental owners.

  • Drapeau colonel (body flag)

  • Ordonnance flag of the Régiment de Kœnigsmarck 1680 to 1686

  • Ordonnance flag Régiment de Surbeck 1686 to 1693

  • Ordonnance flag Régiment de Furstemberg 1693 to 1697

  • Ordonnance flag of the Regiment de La Marck 1697 to 1730

  • Ordonnance flag of the Regiment de La Marck 1730 to 1791

  • Ordinance flag 1st Battalion 77 e RI 1791 to 1793

  • Ordnance flag 2nd Battalion 77 e RI 1791 to 1793

Uniformity

  • Régiment de La Marck 1720 to 1734

  • Régiment de La Marck de 1734 to 1762

  • Régiment de La Marck de 1762 to 1767

  • Régiment de La Marck de 1767 to 1776

  • Régiment de La Marck de 1776 to 1791

  • Grenadier of the 77 e régiment d'infantry de ligne 1791

  • 77 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne 1792 (the blue uniform preferred by the German regiments has already been abolished here)

Battle calendar

Reunion War

  • 1684:

The regiment had its first mission this year in Catalonia, where it was able to distinguish itself particularly when crossing the Ter . The 1st Battalion, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Cassy, ​​attacked the ford near Madigan, which was defended by the Spaniards. A large number of men - including the battalion commander Cassy - were killed. However, this attack triggered the Spaniards to flee. On May 21, the unit opened the trenches in front of the ramparts of Girona . After the city was taken by storm, "Königsmarck" withdrew in June to occupy Cap de Creus .

War of the Palatinate Succession

  • 1690: The regiment now operating under the name “de Surbeck” had been in Roussillon for some time . It served under the command of the Duc de Noailles and was used in the capture of several places and permanent places and the blockade of Gerone. In the same year assigned to the army in Italy, the unit ended the campaign with the capture of Suze (Drôme) .
  • 1691: Capture of Villefranche, Montauban , Sant'Ospizio , Nice , Veillane and Carmagnola (Piedmont)
  • 1692: no combat activity
  • 1693: As the Régiment de La Marck - a name it would keep until the Revolution - it lost its major as a fallen soldier in the battle near Marsaglia.
  • 1696: during the siege of Valenza
  • 1697: Relocation to the theater of war on the Meuse

War of the Spanish Succession

  • 1727 : La Mark was in the field camp of Stenay.
  • 1732 : stationed in Alsace

War of the Polish Succession

  • 1733 : Siege of Kehl
  • 1734 : Participation in the attack on the Ettlinger lines and in the siege of Philippsburg . Reinforced to three battalions by order of July 1st, the regiment was assigned to Italy in October, where it joined the army on December 1st.
  • 1735 : Used in the capture of the Gonzage Castle of Reggiolo and Revere (Lombardy)
  • 1736 : return to France in April
  • 1737 : By order of January 8th, the unit was reduced to one battalion.
  • 1738 : Relocation to Landau

War of the Austrian Succession

  • 1741: On May 15, a 2nd battalion was re-established.
  • 1742: In April "La Marck" was sent to Bavaria to reinforce it and reached the field camp in Niederalteich on May 21st . In August, the Maréchal de Saxe united his units scattered on the Bohemian border and moved to Deggendorf . The "Régiment de La Marck" together with the Régiment de Noailles formed the vanguard and belonged all the time to the reserve corps, which the marshal kept at his disposal as a guard. On November 22nd, when the army was encamped near Deggendorf, the Lieutenant-Colonel Desbarreaux captured an Austrian money transport at Bischofsmais with the support of the grenadiers of the Regiment d'Enghien , which was accompanied by hussars from the Forgatz Regiment. The king gave this money to the regiment as a bonus. The regiment moved to its winter quarters in Deggendorf.
  • 1743: In February the relocation to Amberg took place , while Eger was supplied with supplies. After the operation was over, it returned to Deggendorf. On April 2nd, Lieutenant-Colonel Desbarreaux and his two battalions attacked the Austrian hussar camp at Bogen . On May 27, an attack on Deggendorf took place, which was repulsed by "La Marck" and the regiments of Champagne , Bourbonnais and Royal Comtois after heavy fighting. It was then moved to Pocking in order to secure the crossings over the Danube . The lieutenants Raguet and Flemming and the Capitaine Nendochel were killed here in heavy fighting . In a fierce battle on June 9th around the Danube crossings near Pocking, the regiment had to withdraw in an orderly manner after Fischerdorf towards Straubing .

When the Maréchal de Broglie was confronted with these extremely unpleasant circumstances for his troops, he remarked only succinctly:

"Si ce poste n'a pas été mieux défendu, ce n'est pas la faute de La Mark. »

"If this place wasn't better protected, that's not La Marck's fault"

The further fighting cost the regiment another 350 men. It moved from Straubing to Regensburg and returned to France in July - only one department remained in Ingolstadt .

Battle of Roucourt

Afterwards it was used in the campaign on the Rhine and on September 30th was involved in the battle near Rheinweiler , which prevented the troops of the Austrian Field Marshal Prince Karl Alexander of Lorraine from crossing the Rhine. Supported by two dragoon regiments, it threw a detachment of 22 Austrian grenadier companies into the river.

  • 1744: The regiment had been transferred to Flanders and was used in the sieges of Menen, which surrendered on June 4th. Back in Alsace, “La Marck” fought on July 5th to take away the lines on the Lauter. The majors Beaucoyran and Colligny, the lieutenants Hatten and Pied du Mont and 71 non-commissioned officers and men were killed; the Lieutenant-Colonel Desbarreaux, 15 other officers and 67 men were wounded. The regiment continued to excel in the battles near Felsheim, Auenheim (Bas-Rhin) and the siege of Freiburg. In September the unit was assigned to the small division that was sent to Bavaria for support under the command of Comte Henri François de Ségur.
  • 1745: In April, in the brigade formation with the Régiment de La Sarre , it fought with vigor in the battle near Pfaffenhofen, after which it returned to France. On to Flanders, participation in the sieges of Oudenaarde , Ostend and Nieuwpoort . The regiment moved back to Alsace for the winter.
  • 1746: Separated from the Meuse Army, it fought in the siege of Mons and Charleroi. During this siege, a supply convoy, which was protected by a weak detachment under the 16-year-old Lieutenant Hauser, was attacked and almost completely destroyed despite the fierce resistance of the escort team. This was followed by participation in the Battle of Roucourt .
  • 1747: Stationed in the field camp of Malines, guarding tasks were carried out at Roeselare and the enemy posts at the mills there were attacked in the brigade formation with the Régiment de Bettens . In the battle of Lauffeldt the regiment attacked the village and overcame the enemy entrenchments in strong defensive fire, which resulted in heavy losses of 50 officers and 600 soldiers. In the same year the regiment was reinforced to four battalions.
  • 1748: Participation in the siege of Maastricht . On December 26th it was again reduced to two battalions.

Seven Years War

  • 1756: “La Marck” was assigned to the auxiliary corps that Maria Theresa should be sent to support. It was under the command of Maréchal d'Estrées and fought in the Battle of Hastenbeck . Volunteers under the command of the Capitaine de Nezot attacked the enemy rearguard near Bielefeld and suffered heavy losses from artillery fire. Under the Maréchal de Richelieu , the unit then moved to the Kingdom of Hanover and initially took quarters in the field camp near Halberstadt, which it left on October 7th to strengthen the army of the Prince de Soubise .
  • 1757: “La Marck” suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Roßbach . After the attack on the enemy position near Trunsfeld, the Capitaines Mantz and Limar as well as the Lieutenants Hiem, Brancion, Druhot, Saty and Beurdhal were killed, and 21 other officers were wounded. The defeated regiment then withdrew to the Rhine and rallied in Düsseldorf.
  • 1758: "La Marck" was used in the battle of Krefeld and in the battle of Mehr . Here it captured a cannon.
  • 1759: The regiment was given a de facto new commander. The previous Lieutenant Colonel Baron Peter Christian von Wimpffen replaced Count Ludwig Engilbert von der Marck on April 21, who retired for reasons of age. There was no combat activity that year.
  • 1760: On January 18, the regiment was reinforced with the incorporation of the 2nd Battalion of the Régiment de Lowendahl to three battalions. On July 10th it was able to distinguish itself in the battle near Korbach . Towards the end of the year it fought in the battle near Kassel and Sachsenhausen (Waldeck) , which could be taken from Prince Ferdinand . In the same year, the Capitaine von Nezot was able to stand out when he took the city of Münden at the head of a voluntary company of hunters . For this he was awarded the Ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis by the king, only 23 years old . In winter the regiment was involved in the attack on Stadtfeld near Magdeburg .
  • 1761: Battle near Kassel
  • 1762: On December 21, the unit was reduced to two battalions.

Interwar period

The Thionville Regiment was assigned as the first peace garrison. In March 1764 it moved to Quesnoy, in November of the same year to Condé, in August 1675 to Metz and in August 1766 to the camp in Soissons. From here the unit marched to the fortress Hüningen , in September 1767 to Grenoble , to be embarked in Toulon for Corsica in 1768 . Arrived here on October 15, Bastia and Saint Florent were assigned as garrisons.

  • 1769: The Barbaggio post, occupied by six companies, was attacked by the troops of Pasquale Paoli on the night of August 13-14 . After 18 hours of sustained resistance after the ammunition had run out, the surviving men had to surrender.

During this time Major von Falk gathered the other scattered detachments with which he carried out advances against the Corsicans and held them in suspense until the Comte de Marbeuf had rushed up with the garrison from Bastia. The Corsicans withdrew into the mountains and “La Marck” occupied the Barbaggio base. In the same year the regiment was still involved in the battle near Golo.

  • 1770: On October 28, the unit returned to Toulon and was transferred from there to Uzès . In 1771 he was transferred to Grenoble, in September 1773 to Valenciennes , in October 1774 to Longwy , in September 1777 to Sarrelouis, in March 1778 to Lille and in July to Saint Lô. After a short stay on the Norman coast, he moved to Longwy in October of the same year, to Thionville in April 1779 and to Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer in July of the same year . At the end of 1781 the regiment marched to Brest (Finistère) , where it was shipped to Mauritius . It should stay here for four years.
  • 1785: On April 24th, “La Marck” returned to France and was disembarked in Brest. At first it stayed in Hennebont for a short time and marched to Strasbourg in June . In March 1788 the company was relocated to Wissembourg and in June 1788 to Schlettstadt and Neu-Breisach. In August 1790 the 2nd battalion was commanded to Villefranche near Lyon.
  • 1791: In January the now "77 e régiment d'infanterie - ci-devant de La Marck" marched to Aix, from where it was part of the division in the occupation of the Comtat Venaissin . On November 10th it moved into Avignon to stop the machinations of Mathieu Jouve Jourdan .

Wars of the Revolution and the First Empire

Maurice Joseph Louis Gigost d'Elbée
  • 1792: At the garrison in Orange and Avignon, earlier this year the regiment was accused of resisting revolutionary aspirations. The government capitulated to the fanatics and sent the regiment to Saintes in May. From Saintes the transfer took place to La Rochelle and on November 26th to Brest.
  • 1793: Used in the defense of Nantes and in battles against the insurgents in the Vendée . After the Battle of Saveny, the regiment moved to the left side of the Loire to fight the troops of Maurice Joseph Louis Gigost d'Elbée and to take the island of Noirmoutier .
  • 1794: In the course of the premier amalgams, the regimental association was definitely dissolved. This initially ended the regiment's line of tradition until it was resumed in 1855 with the new "77 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne".

1870 to 1914

During the Franco-Prussian War, the regiment was used in the battle of Spichern . The 8th companies of the 2nd and 3rd battalions formed the tribe of the "29 e régiment de marche" (29th marching regiment) and fought in the battles in the Loire department near Chilleurs, Ladon (Loiret) , Boiscommun , Neuville-aux-Bois and Maizières.

First World War

At the beginning of the war the regiment was stationed in Cholet ; it belonged to the 36th Infantry Brigade in the 18th Infantry Division of the 9th Army Corps.

With the mobilization, the unit set up its reserve regiment , the "277 e régiment d'infanterie". The members of both units came mainly from the Vendée and the Anjou .

  • 1914:
    • Defensive battles at Nomeny, Clémery, Landremont and in the Ardennes . Then at Brièvre, Bellefontaine and Houdremont in Belgium .
    • In retreat with the 3rd and 4th Armies, the unit was in Launois-sur-Vences on August 28, in Auboncourt on August 29 and in Rethel and Faux on August 30 .
    • Battle of the Marne : Operation from November 6th to 12th with fighting at Marais de Saint-Gond, Coizard, in the Bois de Toulon, near Saint-Loup, Signal du Poirier, Château de Mondement (9 September), Fère-Champenoise , Écury-le-Repos, Prosnes, Ferme de Moscou, Thuisy
    • First Battle of Flanders (October 1914 to March 1915): fighting on the Yser , near Zonnebecke, Paschendale , in the Bois d'Hooge and near Zillebecke (December)
The destroyed Mondement Castle
  • 1915:
    • April: Trench warfare in Flanders
    • May 23: Trench warfare in the Artois, at Cote 123 and Neuville-Saint-Vaast
    • June 16: Fighting at Cote 140
    • Fight at Agny
    • September 25: Trench warfare at Vailly
    • to December: fights near Loos-en-Gohelle
  • 1917:
    • April to May: Aggressive battles on the Aisne - near Gernicourt, in the Bois des Couleuvres, Bois de Beau-Marais, Éperon de Chevreux (Chevreux lead) and at La Courtine
    • July: Battle of the Chemin des Dames , aggressive battles near Craonne
    • October to December: Trench warfare in Lorraine in the Parroy forest
  • 1918:
    • April to June: aggressive battles on the Somme - near Moreuil, Castel, Cottenchy, Sénécatwald, Rouvrel and Ressons-sur-Matz
    • July to August:  Aggressive battles on the Marne - near Saint-Maur, Combles, la Chapelle-Monthodon, Forêt de Riez, Verdon, Comblizy, Passy-sur-Marne, Champvoisy and Château de Neuville
    • August to October: pursuit battles near Bagatelle, in the Bois d'Haumont and Bois d'Ormon

In 1918, the regiment of Maréchal Pétain was praised:

"Elite regiment that resisted superior enemy forces for a whole day."

Interwar period

In 1923 the regiment was disbanded. The maintenance of tradition was transferred to the "65 e régiment d'infanterie".

Second World War

After the beginning of the war, the regiment was re-established on September 9, 1939 by the "Région militaire, center mobilisateur d'infanterie (CMI 91), reserve A RI type NE"; the formation was completed in November 1939. The regimental commander was the Chief de bataillon Mazoyer. It belonged to the 18th Infantry Division in the 11th Army Corps of the 9th Army. The unit was designated for the enforcement of Plan Dyle . It was relocated to the border section between Anhée and Hastière on the Meuse. The regiment was deployed in the Battle of Dinant and was disbanded after the Compiègne Armistice .

Regimental flags since Napoleonic times

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

  • 1940 front page

  • 1940 back

Motto

Je tiens
(I hold (stand))

Awards

Since August 9, 1918, the flag ribbon has been decorated with the Croix de guerre Croix de guerre 4 + 1 + 1 p.png with four palm branches for four honorable mentions in the army command, a gold-plated star for a special mention in the corps command and a silver star for a special mention in the divisional command.

In the event of a re-establishment, members of the regiment have the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Médaille militaire .

Known members of the regiment

literature

  • Général Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'Historiques de l'infanterie française. Eurimprim, 1969.
  • M. Pinard: Chronologie historique-militaire. Volume 5 ( digitized on Gallica ), 7 ( digitized ) and 8 ( digitized ). Claude Hérissant, Paris 1762, 1764 and 1778.

Web links

Commons : Drapeaux du 77e régiment d'infanterie  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Always referred to as "La Marck" in French.
  2. ↑ Pierre Lemau de la Jaisse: Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Depuis Novembre 1737 jusqu'en Décembre 1738. Gandouin et al., Paris 1739, OCLC 458013263 .
  3. ↑ D. h. the digging work began.
  4. ↑ Major is not a rank, but the position of the head of the regimental administration (about S1 officer)
  5. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  6. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  7. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time