SOIUSA

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Division of the Alps according to SOIUSA

The SOIUSA , acronym from the Italian Suddivisione Orografica Internazionale Unificata del Sistema Alpino , German  International Unified Orographic Division of the Alps ( IVOEA ), is a system of geographical classification of the Alps that was developed and proposed by the Italian Alpine researcher Sergio Marazzi .

History and goals

The SOIUSA system is an attempt to work out a uniform division of the Alps that is valid in all Alpine states . To this day, the division is based on two historical systems, the division into two parts (Western and Eastern Alps) common in German, Austrian, Slovenian and South Tyrol, and the Italian and French division into three parts (Western, Central and Eastern Alps), each in East-West Direction.

SOIUSA strives for harmonization between the most widespread divisions in Alpine literature, the

and the previous classifications

  • Moriggl classification of the Eastern Alps from 1928 and
  • Reinhard Mang improved the geographical division of Austria , and the
  • Partizione delle Alpi of the 9th Italian Geographical Congress of 1924.

The AVE classification, conceived only for the work area of ​​the German and Austrian Alpine Association, only extends into the eastern Swiss Alps , which means that it was never used here, and no uniform names have been established for the central area of ​​the Alps in German either.

The SOIUSA division combines the Italian-French system of division of the Western Alps with the Slovenian / Austrian division of the Eastern Alps . It is based on a fundamental dichotomy, but within the Swiss-Lombard area the groups come together in such a way that the three-way concept remains manageable and transferable.

Since 2005, since the publication of Marazzi's Orografischer Atlas der Alpen, SOIUSA (Italian Atlante Orografico delle Alpi. SOIUSA ), the SOIUSA has been recognized internationally, and by the CAI , the Italian Alpine Association, has been positively assessed as a possible replacement for the outdated scheme. The CAI now also offers the SOIUSA atlas on its website for sale through its sections as well as the various tour guides.

During the long-term development of SOIUSA, the various alpine clubs and also scientists such as some Swiss cartographers, the international mountaineering association UIAA (based in Bern), the author of the alpine association classification of the Eastern Alps, Franz Grassler, in Austria the geographer Josef Breu , the Italian glaciologist Giuseppe Nangeroni , and in France the glaciologist Claude Meyzenq and Robert Vivian , the former director of the Institut de geographie alpine and the CNRS laboratory of the Alps, participated.

structure

The structure of the structure follows this system:

Pyramid according to SOIUSA.
  • Large structure ( Italian raggruppamenti di grado superiore ), which is based on morphological - orographic criteria and takes into account the traditional classifications
    • 2 parts ( French grandes parties ); ( Italian parti ); ( Slovenian dela )
      • Western Alps and Eastern Alps
    • 5 sectors ( French grands secteurs ); ( Italian grande settore alpino ); ( slovenian velikih sektorjev )
      • The Western Alps are divided into the two sub-parts Southern Western Alps and Northern Western Alps
      • The Eastern Alps are divided into the 3 sectors Central Eastern Alps , Northern Eastern Alps and Southern Eastern Alps
    • 36 sections ( French sections ); ( Italian sezioni ); ( Slovenian sekcij )
    • 132 subsections ( French sous-sections ); ( Italian sottosezioni ); ( Slovenian podsekcij )
  • Small structure ( Italian raggruppamenti di grado inferiore ), which represents an alpine structure

An example is the following:

level example number Explanation
part Western alps I. western part of the Alps, one of 2 parts
sector Northern Western Alps I / B north-eastern sector of the Western Alps, one of 2 sectors
section Lepontine Alps 10 one of 14 sections of the Western Alps
Subsection Adula Alps 10.III one of 3 subsections of the Lepontine Alps
Upper group Adula Group  (iaS) 10.III.B includes the groups of the Rheinwaldhorn , Güferhorn , Zapporthorn and Fraciòn
group Rheinwaldhorn group (Adula group i. E. S.) 10.III.3 includes the central group of the Rheinwaldhorn, and the secondary ridges of the Pinaderio and Gana Bianca
Subgroup Rheinwaldhorn Central Group (Adula Central Range) 10.III.3.a Main ridge of the Adula, with peaks such as Grauhorn, Rheinwaldhorn, Vogelberg , Rheinquellhorn

The sections are numbered from 1 to 36 across all parts and sectors, so it is no longer necessary to specify part and sector from this level. Likewise, all groups within a subsection are numbered, for this reason there is no need to specify the main group from this level onwards.

In addition to the 5 major sectors of the Alps (ST_PT), the term sector also includes other unsystematic intermediate groupings of different levels, which mostly serve to ensure compatibility with other systems and the embedding of local group names. They are indicated with uppercase letters on the upper levels and lowercase letters on the lower levels. The following are defined for the entire Alpine region:

  • 31 sectors of sections ( Italian Settore di sezion, SR_SZ )
  • 30 sectors of subsections ( Italian Settore di sottosezione , SR_STS )
  • 18 sectors of main groups ( Italian Settore di Supergruppi, SR_SPG )
  • 07 sectors of groups ( Italian Settore di Gruppi, SR_GR )
Example: Central Swiss Prealps I / B-14 / B - The two sectors B represent the alternative division of the Swiss Alps according to the Swiss Alpine Club : Sector B, which follows the basic section I Western Alps of SOIUSA, denotes the Northern Western Alps for Switzerland, so that they fit into the common three-way structure of the Alps (western, central, eastern Alps); Sector B, following section 14 of the  Swiss Prealps, is the SAC system, where the group is led by A.2 (A:  Swiss Prealps ), the other part would then be I / B-14 / A Western Swiss Prealps (SAC A.1) .

In addition, the sectors of subgroups ( Italian Settore di sottogruppo, SR_STG ) serve to subdivide the lowest level. These sectors are noted with an attached lower case letter. There are a total of 409 such subgroup sectors; they are not defined for all code points.

In the Dachstein massif , for example, the Gjaidstein group is coded 25.I.3.h, and section 3.h / a is the Gjaidstein massif itself, 3.h / b the Zwölferkogel - Hirlatz side ridge . Of the remaining subgroups of the Dachstein stock (3.a to i), only one more is also subdivided more finely.

In principle, all classes of sectors are added with “/”, while the basic SOIUSA code groups are combined with “.”.

Classification of the Alps according to SOIUSA

Western alps

The Western Alps to SOIUSA

Southern Western Alps

6 sections:

Northern Western Alps

The SOIUSA categorization tries to overcome the canton division for the Swiss Alps by grouping orographically connected mountains. The canton-specific names according to the Swiss Alpine Club are largely retained as subsections.

8 sections:

Eastern Alps

The concept of the Eastern Alps corresponds to the custom of a dichotomy. The SOIUSA names many mountain groups known after the AVE and calls them subsections . She in turn combines these subsections into common sections . In the subdivision of the AVE groups, it is primarily based on the modern regional classifications of natural areas and other scientific systems.

The Eastern Alps after the SOIUSA.

Central Eastern Alps

6 sections:

Northern Eastern Alps

7 sections:

Southern Eastern Alps

9 sections:

literature

  • Sergio Marazzi: The orographic divisions of the Alps and the "IVOEA" (International, unified orographic division of the Alps). A specific proposal for standardization. In: P. Grimm, CR Mattmüller (Ed.): The mountain groups of the Alps. Views, systematics and methods for the division of the Alps (=  Scientific Alpine Club Sheets. No. 39). Munich 2004, pp. 69-96.
  • Sergio Marazzi : Atlante orografico delle Alpi. SOIUSA - Suddivisione orografica internazionale unificata del Sistema Alpino . 1st edition. Priuli & Verlucca, Scarmagno 2005, ISBN 88-8068-273-3 (Italian, abstract [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on December 26, 2016]).

Web links

Commons : SOIUSA  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ After Marazzi, French Subdivision Orographique Internationale Unifiée du Système Alpin (SOIUSA) , Slovenian Enotna Mednarodna Orografska Razdelitev Alp (EMORA) , English International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps (ISMSA)
  2. ↑ Lo Scarpone 9, 2005; La Rivista 10/2005, both CAI Vittorio Serafin: SOIUSA cos'è? (No longer available online.) Club Alpino Italiano di Vittorio Veneto, January 2006, archived from the original on May 8, 2006 ; Retrieved December 18, 2009 (Italian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.caivv.it
  3. ^ SOIUSA on the website of the Club Alpino Italiano
  4. ^ President of the Geographical Society. Specialties: Southeast Europe, geographical name research
  5. ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: Università Cattolica di Milano )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www3.unicatt.it
  6. ↑ Claude Meyzenq: Pays de transition entre Alpes du Nord et Alpes du Sud
  7. ^ Marazzi: La Suddivisione ... p. 2 .
  8. ↑ “ suddivisi con un criterio morfologico-altimetrico, tenendo conto delle regioni storico-geografiche alpine ”. Marazzi: La Suddivisione ... p. 2 , col. 2 .
  9. ↑ “ suddivisi con un criterio alpinistico ”. Marazzi: La Suddivisione ... p. 2 , col. 3 .