The Tree of Life

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Movie
German title The Tree of Life
Original title The Tree of Life
Country of production United States
original language English
Publishing year 2011
length 138 minutes / 188 minutes
Age rating FSK 12
JMK 10
Rod
Director Terrence Malick
script Terrence Malick
production Dede Gardner ,
Sarah Green ,
Bill Pohlad ,
Grant Hill ,
Brad Pitt
music Alexandre Desplat
camera Emmanuel Lubezki
cut Billy Weber ,
Hank Corwin ,
Jay Rabinowitz ,
Daniel Rezende ,
Mark Yoshikawa
occupation
synchronization

The Tree of Life (dt .: "The Tree of Life ") is a feature of the US director Terrence Malick from the year 2011. The drama for Malick also wrote the screenplay, portrays a family tragedy from Texas and gives this by Quotes from the biblical book of Job provide a spiritual framework. This makes The Tree of Life a religious film without religious dogmas. The family story is told fragmentarily from the perspective of the adult son Jack, played by Sean Penn , combined with nature and trick shots and underlaid with existential questions from the off . Brad Pitt and Jessica Chastain can also be seen as parents in other roles . The film was produced by Cottonwood Pictures, Plan B Entertainment and River Road Entertainment and premiered on May 16, 2011 in competition at the 64th Cannes Film Festival . There The Tree of Life was awarded the Golden Palm . Three Oscar nominations followed in 2012 .

A theatrical release in German-speaking Switzerland took place on May 26, 2011, a limited theatrical release in the United States one day later. The publication in Germany took place on June 16, 2011.

The special effects artist Douglas Trumbull , who had worked on Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, was used for the trick shots . The specialist critic repeatedly drew comparisons to the influential science fiction film from 1968.

action

At the beginning of the film there is a quote from the Book of Job (chapter 38, verses 4 and 7) of the Old Testament :

“Where were you when I founded the earth? ...
When the morning stars praised me together
and all sons of God shouted? "

After the appearance of a mysterious, wavy light, the film begins with the representation of some scenes from the childhood of the later Mrs. O'Brien. The representation of the light appearance as well as scenes from fantasy worlds serve as a connection between different narrative times and storylines. The action continues a few years later in Texas, USA . There Mrs. O'Brien - now the wife and mother of three sons - receives a telegram informing her of the death of her 19-year-old son RL as part of a military operation. The news plunges her, her husband and the remaining sons into deep sorrow. The eldest son Jack does not deal with this trauma and, as a successful architect in the city of Houston , has to think of his deceased brother every day as an adult .

When Jack witnesses a tree being planted in front of a building, the plot changes. Images of the Big Bang and the development of life on earth are shown, which are accompanied by whispered existential questions from Jack and other characters during the course of the film. An injured dinosaur follows on a river bed, which a robber spares. Then the time level changes to the 1950s in Waco, Texas . The white middle-class O'Brien family lives in an old house in the idyllic suburb with their three growing sons Jack, RL and Steve. The three brothers are torn between father and mother. Mr. O'Brien is an engineer and holds a senior position at a local refinery. He only pursues his earlier ambitions to become a musician at home at the piano and as a church organist . He has numerous inventions patented and hopes that one day he will become very prosperous. At the same time, Mr. O'Brien idolizes the wealthy land and property owners and brings up his sons with extreme severity. He wants to ensure that these can prevail in later life. The meek mother, trusting in God, quietly endures the strict upbringing of her husband.

Jack is intimidated by the awesome father and eventually rebels against his parents as an adolescent . He rebelliously jumps over the pews in the church, tortures animals - spurred on by his friends of the same age - and deliberately injures one of his brothers. He rioted in the area with his peers, and his first erotic fantasies about a neighbor ripened. His hated father cannot control him despite the punishment. One day when Mr. O'Brien is fixing the car, Jack thinks about unfastening the jack and killing his father that way. However, he does not put the idea into practice. When the refinery that Mr. O'Brien works for closes, the family is forced to move. The father loses his self-confidence and explains to Jack that he was only strict enough to prepare him for an independent life on his own two feet.

The film ends in a dream or afterlife sequence: the adult Jack steps through a door frame set up in the rocky desert. He then meets his mother, father, dead brother and other people who were part of his life on the beaches or in a salt desert. The film ends with the reappearance of the light.

History of origin

Beginnings and varying line-up

Jessica Chastain plays Mrs. O'Brien. It represents the "path of grace", one of two possible paths through life presented in the film.

The beginnings of the film project should go back to the end of the 1970s. After the critical hit In der Glut des Südens (1978), Malick worked on a project called "Q", which was supposed to have the origin of life as its theme. However, the film was discarded in 1983 after many underwater shots of jellyfish off the Australian Great Barrier Reef as well as material from breaking up Arctic ice sheets had been made. The script, which Malick had sent to Paramount Pictures film studio , contained no dialogue. In 1989 he was offered a film adaptation of DM Thomas ' award-winning Holocaust novel The White Hotel . He also toyed with the idea of filming works by Walker Percy ( The Moviegoer ) or Larry McMurtry ( The Desert Rose ), before Malick only successfully returned to the big screen after twenty years of abstinence from the screen with his third feature film Der schmale Grat (1998).

In mid-2005, Malick's The Tree of Life was first announced with producer Donald Rosenfeld . The Indian Percept Picture Company was to produce the film together with Sahara One Motion Pictures. Emmanuel Lubezki was the cameraman , while some of the filming was to take place in India. Mel Gibson and Colin Farrell were slated for the lead roles . The cost of production was estimated at $ 145 million. In 2007, Heath Ledger , who died the following year, was traded for the leading male role and Sean Penn for a supporting role. Brad Pitt first came into contact with the project as the owner of the film production company Plan B Entertainment with his business partner Dede Gardner before he took on the lead role of father Mr. O'Brien. Pitt would later describe The Tree of Life as an experimental film and Malick as an "imperfectionist" because he found "perfection in imperfection". The work process with Malick was a formative experience for him: "He's like a guy with a butterfly net waiting to capture the right moment." Many of the scenes were only worked out on the set day after day, which was very exhausting . “He [Malick] loves all of his characters, respects them. And he is very spiritual , has a very universal approach to the world. We had a lot of theological debates throughout the shoot, ”said Pitt. Contrary to the American tradition, the finished film contains only a few dialogues and even speaking scenes overlaid with music in the manner of a silent film .

The Bonneville Salt Flats ( Great Salt Desert ), one of the locations of The Tree of Life
The Houston skyline featured in the movie, where Jack works as an adult.

As Pitt's film wife, they wanted to hire a relatively unknown actress and chose the American Jessica Chastain , who had studied all of Malick's films in chronological order before her audition. Malick directed them to watch films from the 1930s and 1940s, specifically by Lauren Bacall , in preparation for filming . Chastain should familiarize himself with the slower way of speaking compared to today. "Hardly a moment in this film is planned," said Chastain like Pitt. "He [Malick] created an atmosphere on set that made sure that in front of the camera even a butterfly lands on my hand."

Chastain spent a lot of time outside of filming with three amateur actors cast for the roles of the Sons, Hunter McCracken , Laramie Eppler and Tye Sheridan . These were selected from more than 10,000 children after a year-long search in Texas and Oklahoma . McCracken, Eppler and Sheridan, who were shortlisted for the part of young Jack, then became the three O'Brien siblings. The child actors and their parents were only shown the framework, not the exact script, as they were supposed to act as naturally as possible.

Filming locations and technical staff

Filming for the 1950s sequences began in early March 2008 in Smithville , about 40 miles southeast of Austin near the Colorado River, Texas . Other locations were Houston, Austin (Barton Springs and the State Capitol), the cotton fields of Manor, Texas. Other natural sequences were in Goblin Valley State Park , in the Great Salt Desert , at Mono Lake , in Death Valley , in Matagorda Bay -Nationalpark and at the mouth of the Colorado River in the Gulf of Mexico turned.

Cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki , who had worked with Malick on The New World , used natural light and handheld cameras . For the Production Design was for There Will Be Blood Oscar -nominated Jack Fisk in charge, who has been Malick's first feature film Badlands - Zerschossene dreams was used for each of his films (1973). Fisk first heard about the project while working on David Lynch's Mulholland Drive (2001). Malick gave him a 20-page script at the time and told him it was a small film about a family. For the O'Brien house, Fisk took inspiration from his own childhood. Jacqueline West was responsible for the costumes. Before filming, she familiarized herself with films such as David Wark Griffith's Intolerance (1916) or Andrei Tarkowski's Nostalghia (1983). While she envisioned classic fashion for Jessica Chastain, she took inspiration for Brad Pitt's wardrobe from an old photo of NASA engineers in Texas wearing gabardine . For the O'Brien family, West mainly used photography-like sepia tones, while a modern black suit was used for the sharp-edged figure of the adult Jack.

The original orchestral film music was composed by Frenchman Alexandre Desplat . This should reflect the idea of ​​a “ Requiem for a Prodigal Son”. Malick wanted a "trance-like and meditative" music for his film, which of course should adapt to the occurring elements such as trees, grass or a star explosion. As a result, only live instruments and no electronic music were used. Desplat avoided elements of the New Age direction and relied on simple, timeless piano music. In addition, Malick insisted on existing music by such well-known composers as Hector Berlioz (1803–1869) or György Ligeti (1923–2006). Ligeti's music was also used in 2001: A Space Odyssey . Of Bedrich Smetana 's The Moldau and of Johannes Brahms , the Symphony No. 4 to hear. From Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky by a record by the method of is quoted deejays is moved. Desplat was inspired by the pieces and recorded a soundtrack of two hours with the London Symphony Orchestra , although he had only seen fragments of the film. On May 24, 2011, the soundtrack was released by Lakeshore Records .

For Tree of Life , Malick himself consulted a number of physicists, astronomers and biologists around the world, including the US planetologist and paleontologist Andrew Knoll of Harvard University . In order to authentically portray the Big Bang and the development of life, Malick used the possibilities of visual effects for the first time in his career . He had contacted Douglas Trumbull years before filming began . The trick technician, who at that time had already withdrawn from the film business, was responsible for the effects of 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) or Blade Runner (1982) and found one of them Collaboration with Malick, who preferred natural phenomena from water and colors to computer graphics. Trumbull secretly installed a laboratory in Austin called "Skunkworks". There both experimented with chemicals, colors, fluorescent dyes, steam, liquids, carbon dioxide , light reflections, fluid mechanics, flares and high-speed photography in order to simulate cosmic effects. These found their way into the film. Dan Glass , who had worked on Matrix Reloaded (2003) and V for Vendetta (2006), was hired for computer-animated effects such as the dinosaur sequences . Glass himself was never briefed on the exact plot of the film or the 1950s sequences. He selected unedited footage of sequoia trees in Northern California and the Atacama Desert in Chile and placed dinosaurs in them. The American paleontologist Jack Horner , who had also worked on Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park (1993), was hired as a scientific advisor .

German dubbed version

The German dubbing was done at Interopa Film in Berlin . The dialogue book was written by Alexander Löwe , and Sven Hasper directed the dubbing .

actor German speaker role
Brad Pitt Tobias Master Mr. O'Brien
Jessica Chastain Marie Bierstedt Mrs. O'Brien
Kelly Koonce Bernd Vollbrecht Father Haynes
Fiona Shaw Karin Buchholz grandmother
Sean Penn Marcus Off Jack
Michael Showers Matthias Klages Mr. Brown
Nicolas Gonda Matthias Rimpler Mr. Reynolds
Matthias Klages Want

Reviews

Leading actor and producer Brad Pitt at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. His character, Mr. O'Brien, represents the "path of nature".

French and German-language press reviews

The Tree of Life premiered on May 16, 2011 at the Cannes Film Festival. Malick's directorial work had already been expected in the competition a year earlier, but was not yet completed at the time. Although the premiere of Malick's film was greeted with both boos and applause, the majority of French specialist critics found The Tree of Life as a favorite for the Palme d'Or, the main prize of the Cannes Film Festival. The director, who is known to be public, was present in Cannes and secretly attended the premiere, but refused to attend press conferences and thus eluded the discussion about the deeper meaning of his film. "Terrence sees himself as someone who builds a house, but he doesn't want to have to sell it too," said Brad Pitt at the official press conference in Cannes. Actress Jessica Chastain said The Tree of Life should speak for itself. Thomas Sotinel ( Le Monde ) reported as one of the few critical voices that Malick's directorial work left “astonishment and many doubts”. The “shredded film” bursts on the big screen, causing “unspeakable boredom”, but then develops in a few shots with “touching grace”. Although the Big Bang was never staged more carefully, the computers would “cheat” Malick, the computer-animated material had “no soul”. The film has something of a "cosmic (sometimes comical) shapelessness" and could divide the audience.

The German-language press was also largely positive. Verena Lueken ( FAZ ) praised the film as an overwhelming cinematic experience and compared The Tree of Life to the first time Stanley Kubrick saw 2001: A Space Odyssey . It is not "about meaning", but, as in Malick's earlier films, "about seeing". The natural sequences are an “experience of brilliant filmmaking”, the family story does not follow the conventional narrative style, but works like memory: “selective, non-chronological, with long or very short scenes from different times”. According to Lueken, the off-votes could have been used a little more sparingly. Although Sean Penn is seldom in the picture and hardly speaks a sentence, he has a “stunning presence”. After the second viewing, Lueken corrected himself with regard to the voiceover: “There is no preaching at all, a second viewing makes that very clear. And what was still an inkling the first time in Cannes is obvious the second. This is, with all that the hackneyed word once meant, grief work. ”According to Urs Jenny ( Der Spiegel ), Malick plays God and lets the viewer watch in the“ greatest possible flashback in cinema history ”how the world comes into being. The young Jack is Malick's "dream ego", at the same time the director indulges in beauty, as Kubrick and Andrei Tarkowski would have done. Like Jenny, Susanne Ostwald ( Neue Zürcher Zeitung ) also drew comparisons to Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey and praised The Tree of Life as the highlight of the film festival so far, as a "visually powerful hymn to life and the creation of all being, an exploration of elemental forces, who created the universe and hold it together, an ode to love ”. Malick found an explanation for the belief and it was "as if one had seen life in its essence".

Dominik Kamalzadeh ( Der Standard ) also saw a first high point in Cannes. Malick has never been more spiritual, which is why some boos were to be expected at the premiere. The director is interested in "a kind of overcoming of indifferent nature (as evolutionary becoming) with the poetic possibilities of cinema". The beauty of his cinema is one that "owes itself to the restoration of the effectiveness of images". Malick's risk deserves every respect, even if some images are already overlaid by other contexts. Tobias Kniebe ( Süddeutsche Zeitung ) also drew comparisons to Kubrick and judged that the beauty of the film images is most moving as long as they stand for themselves. Cristina Nord ( the daily newspaper ) reminded some of the recordings from the vastness of the cosmos of the inside of a womb . Everything boils down to the thesis that “ phylogeny repeats itself in every ontogeny ”. The film sometimes inflates itself, also because of the film music, "too much in its spirituality, its natural mysticism and search for God." The Tree of Life should be understood rather "as a delirium about the last things", not as a "means of time diagnosis". Wolfgang M. Schmitt (Die Filmanalyse) criticized Malick for linking creationism with Darwinism , so that the film is ultimately “an Ayurveda massage on Darwin's back with Christian church music to make you feel good”.

American technical review

Two-time Oscar winner Sean Penn portrays the adult Jack.

The Tree of Life opened a few days after its triumph in Cannes on May 27, 2011 in selected US cinemas. In Terrence Malick's homeland, the film received almost without exception positive, often very good reviews. Kenneth Turan ( Los Angeles Times ) judged it to be “a kind of ultimate American art film” with a carefully selected choral soundtrack (including Bach , Couperin, Mozart , Mahler , Smetana , Gorecki , Respighi , Holst , Taverner ) and Pictures of extraordinary beauty. It's hard to think of a movie that is as private and personal as The Tree of Life feels. The plot about the O'Brien family - although deeply felt and well played - is a well-known constellation and reminds of Elia Kazan's Beyond Eden . Malick used style and skill to "soak" the "ordinary with meaning", the small single-family drama with cosmic occupation and the soul-searching of the older Jack. His "great ability" holds the viewer for some time, but it is not enough to compensate for the lack of dramatic entanglement - "these eschatological windmills tend to overwhelm history," says Turan. Roger Ebert ( Chicago Sun-Times ) called the film "overwhelming ambition and deep devotion" and also drew a comparison to 2001: A Space Odyssey . Ebert also noted that the family history lacks an obvious plot and praised the detailed production design by Jack Fisk . AO Scott ( The New York Times ) also praised Fisk as well as the camera work by Emmanuel Lubezki and the performance of Brad Pitt, Jessica Chastain and amateur actor Hunter McCracken - Malick's alter ego. The beauty of the film is "overwhelming". As with other works of religiously-minded art, the "aesthetic glories are tied to a humble and lofty purpose, namely to let the light of the sacred shimmer on worldly reality". Scott also described the film as an "Ode to Childhood" and compared it to William Wordsworth's Ode Intimations of Immortality , transported into the world of the television series Leave It to Beaver . He named Malick in a row with the American romantics Herman Melville ( Moby Dick ), Walt Whitman ( Leaves of Grass ), Hart Crane ( The Bridge ) and James Agee ( A Death in the Family ). It is precisely the sometimes appearing awkwardness, incompleteness, unpolishedness and lack of perfection in their works that make them lively and exciting. Malick would have been better advised not to include the dinosaur and afterlife sequences in the final film version, but the imagination thrives on risks, "including the risk of incomprehension". Scott could not say whether all parts are connected, whether everything makes sense and works, but he suspects at some point - "between now and the judgment day ".

According to the American industry service Variety, the film presented "something extraordinary" and was "in many ways the simplest, but most challenging work" by Malick. His "impeccable art cinema", Malick's most emotionally appealing work since In der Embers des Südens , will split the criticism. The touching images of the joys, worries and insecurities of the young Jack breathed a nostalgia reminiscent of Norman Rockwell's pictures. The Tree of Life , an exceptional film in that he urgently asks about the presence of God in a fallen world and at the same time accepts it, understands every childhood as a story of creation in itself. The New Yorker compared Malick's slow working style and shyness to the author Thomas Pynchon . Sean Penn is the director's first character to live in the present. Seeing the film is comparable to reading Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay The Over-Soul . Peter Travers ( Rolling Stone ) found that The Tree of Life was filmed through the eyes of a poet and was a "pioneer", "a personal vision that dares to reach for the stars." Cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki combines the intimate story with the cosmic by creating “miracles of light and shadow”. Pitt's figure was broken by poor performance and let the viewer feel the agony subtly.

Awards

The Tree of Life was awarded the Palme d'Or at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . Malick stayed away from the award ceremony. The producers Dede Gardner and Bill Pohlad accepted the award on behalf of the director. The film was awarded the Grand Prix de la FIPRESCI by the FIPRESCI film critics association . Also in 2011 followed the US Gotham Award for “ Best Film ” (together with Mike Mills ' Beginners ) and at the New York Film Critics Circle Award , awards for Brad Pitt ( Best Actor ), Jessica Chastain ( Best Supporting Actress ) followed ) and the camera work by Emmanuel Lubezki. Chastain was recognized for her role a. a. also received the Hollywood Breakthrough Award from the Hollywood Film Festival. Composer Alexandre Desplat won a. a. the World Soundtrack Award for his music for The Tree of Life . Three Oscar nominations (Best Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography) followed by January 2012 , the film awards from the critics' associations in Chicago , San Francisco and Toronto as well as the Online Film Critics Society Award for best film .

In 2016, The Tree of Life was ranked seventh out of the top 100 films of the 21st century in a BBC poll . The year before, Malick's directorial work had been ranked 79th in the BBC's choice of 100 most important American films.

German home theater release

On November 10, 2011, Concorde Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and Blu-ray Disc with FSK-12 approval. The aspect ratio is 1.85: 1. The sound is available in German and English in DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 . The 30-minute bonus material includes a documentary about the background of the film and two cinema trailers.

Extended cut

In close collaboration with Terrence Malick, The Criterion Collection produced an extended version of The Tree of Life . The extended version has a running time of 188 minutes and premiered at the 2018 Venice International Film Festival before being released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in the USA on September 11, 2018. The new cut is not a Director's Cut , but an alternative version of The Tree of Life . In addition, the film has been resampled and restored in 4K .

literature

  • Henry Keazor : style, symbol, structure: 'The Tree of Life' as a motif in the film. In: The eighth day. Images of Nature in Art of the 21st Century , ed. by Frank Fehrenbach and Matthias Krüger, Berlin / Boston 2016, pp. 163–200.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Certificate of Release for The Tree of Life . Voluntary self-regulation of the film industry , June 2011 (PDF; test number: 127 994 K).
  2. ↑ Age rating for The Tree of Life . Youth Media Commission .
  3. ↑ In the English original language of the film this quote is: “Where were you when I laid the earth's foundation… while the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy?”
  4. ^ A b c Turan, Kenneth: So much left unsaid . In: Los Angeles Times, May 27, 2011, Part D, p. 1.
  5. ↑ a b c Scott, AO: Heaven, Texas And the Cosmic Whodunit . In: The New York Times, May 27, 2011, Section C, p. 1.
  6. ↑ Robey, Tim: Hollywood's poet returns . In: The Daily Telegraph , April 9, 2011, pp. 4-5.
  7. ^ Gibson is Hollywood's most powerful celebrity . In: Guardian Unlimited, June 17, 2005 (accessed via LexisNexis Wirtschaft ).
  8. ^ Indo-Asian News Service: Percept to produce Hollywood starrer . Aug 29, 2005, 3:12 PM EST (accessed via LexisNexis Business).
  9. ^ UPI: Penn, Ledger in talks for 'Tree' . October 30, 2007, 5:26 PM EST (accessed via LexisNexis Business).
  10. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, p. 5 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  11. ↑ "I laughed myself to death". In: Frankfurter Rundschau, June 11, 2011, p. 18.
  12. ^ A b SDA basic service: Cannes Film Festival: "The Tree of Life" with Brad Pitt . May 16, 2011, 1:08 PM CET (accessed via LexisNexis Wirtschaft ).
  13. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, pp. 6–7 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  14. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, p. 7 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  15. ↑ Corcoran, Michael: Mr. and Mrs. Smithville, your kolaches await . In: Austin American-Statesman (Texas), March 3, 2008, p. E01.
  16. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, p. 13 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  17. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, p. 11 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  18. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, pp. 12–14 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  19. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, pp. 14–15 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  20. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, p. 4 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  21. ↑ Official press kit (PDF; 306 kB) at festival-cannes.com, pp. 8–12 (English; accessed June 13, 2011).
  22. ↑ a b c The Tree of Life. In: synchronkartei.de. German synchronous index , accessed on September 29, 2013 .
  23. ^ Davies, Lizzy: Film: Screen international . In: The Guardian, April 16, 2010, p. 17
  24. ↑ a b Ostwald, Susanne: Das Leben geschaut bei nzz.ch, May 18, 2011 (accessed June 11, 2011).
  25. ↑ cf. Overview of the French trade press at lefilmfrancais.com (French; accessed on May 11, 2011).
  26. ↑ Puig, Claudia: Cannes' best-kept secret: Reclusive director Malick was here at usatoday.com, May 17, 2011 (accessed June 11, 2011).
  27. ↑ Adams, Ryan: Terrence Malick pops in at The Tree of Life premiere at awardsdaily.com, May 25, 2011 (accessed June 11, 2011).
  28. ↑ a b Nord, Cristina: The pursuit of the oceanic feeling at taz.de, May 18, 2011 (accessed June 11, 2011).
  29. ^ Sotinel, Thomas: The Tree of Life: Terrence Malick s'égare entre famille et cosmos . In: Le Monde, May 18, 2011, p. 21.
  30. ↑ Lueken, Verena: Before the sun goes down . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , May 17, 2011, No. 114, p. 27.
  31. ↑ Lueken, Verena: Requiem for a prodigal son . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 15, 2011, No. 137, p. 33.
  32. ↑ Jenny, Urs: Where God lives . In: Der Spiegel, June 11, 2011, No. 24, p. 137.
  33. ↑ Kamalzadeh, Dominik: “The Tree of Life”: Existential lessons at derstandard.at, May 16, 2011 (accessed June 11, 2011).
  34. ↑ Kniebe, Tobias: Beauty and Overwhelming at sueddeutsche.de, May 17, 2011 (accessed June 11, 2011).
  35. ↑ The film analysis for Tree of Life , video blog from June 23, 2011 (accessed on: January 25, 2014)
  36. ↑ According to the evaluation by Metacritic.com , accessed on June 13, 2011. Of the 36 US film reviews considered, according to the evaluation method of Metacritic 34, the film rated the film “positive”, two “mixed” or neutral. Twelve reviews are presented with the top grade of 100, eight reviews with 90 or more points, 14 between 63 and 88 and two with 50 points.
  37. ↑ Ebert, Roger : Across the universe . In: Chicago Sun-Times, June 3, 2011, Weekend Movies, p. 1.
  38. ↑ Chang, Justin: The Tree of Life ( Memento of the original from June 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.variety.com archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at variety.com, May 16, 2011 (accessed June 12, 2011).
  39. ^ Lane, Anthony: Time Trip at newyorker.com, May 30, 2011 (accessed June 12, 2011).
  40. ^ Travers, Peter: The Tree of Life at rollingstone.com, May 26, 2011 (accessed June 12, 2011).
  41. ↑ The 100 greatest American films at bbc.com, July 20, 2015 (accessed August 24, 2016).
  42. ↑ The Criterion Collection - The Tree of Life (2011) on criterion.com (accessed October 3, 2018)
  43. ↑ Biennale Cinema 2018: The Tree of Life (Extended Cut) on labiennale.org (accessed October 3, 2018)
  44. ↑ Criterion's "The Tree of Life": Terrence Malick Made a New Movie on indiewire.com (accessed October 3, 2018)