HMS Black Prince (81) and 1880: Difference between pages

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{{year nav|1880}}
{{nofootnotes|date=June 2008}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
Year '''1880''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
{{Infobox Ship Image
<!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri
|Ship image=[[Image:HMS Black Prince.png|330px|HMS Black Prince]]
-->
|Ship caption=HMS ''Black Prince'', post-war May 1946, Just before transferring to the [[Royal New Zealand Navy]] - note post war paint.
==Events of 1880==
}}
===January - March===
{{Infobox Ship Career
<!--
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|Ship country=[[UK]]
-->
|Ship flag={{navy|UK|size=60px}}
* [[February 2]] - The first electric [[streetlight]] is installed in [[Wabash, Indiana]].
|Ship class=[[Dido class cruiser|''Dido''-class]] [[light cruiser]]
* [[March 31]] - [[Wabash, Indiana]] becomes the first electrically lit city in the world.
|Ship name=HMS ''Black Prince''
|Ship namesake=[[Edward, the Black Prince]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[Harland & Wolff]] ([[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]])
|Ship laid down=1 December 1939
|Ship launched=27 August 1942
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=30 November 1943
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=March 1962
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=Loaned to the [[Royal New Zealand Navy]], 25 May 1946
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship captured=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=Sold for scrapping in March 1962, arrived at [[Mitsui|Mitsui & Company]], [[Osaka]] breakage yards, [[Japan]], on 2 May 1962 for breaking up.
|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
}}
{{Infobox Ship Career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[New Zealand]]
|Ship flag={{navy|NZ|size=60px}}
|Ship class=
|Ship name=HMNZS ''Black Prince''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=17 April 1946
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=Returned to [[Royal Navy]] control on 1 April 1961
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship captured=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
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}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship displacement=5,950 tons '''standard'''<br>7,200 tons '''full load'''
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship length={{convert|485|ft|m|abbr=on}} pp<br>512 oa (156 m)
|Ship beam={{convert|50.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|14|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=[[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] geared turbines<br>Four shafts<br>Four Admiralty 3-drum boilers<br>62,000 shp (46 MW)
|Ship speed={{convert|32.25|kn|km/h|0}}
|Ship range=2,414 km (1,500 miles) at 30 knots<br>6,824 km (4,240 miles) at 16 knots<br>1,100 tons fuel oil
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship complement=530
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=
<table>
'''Original configuration''':
<br>'''8''' x 5.25&nbsp;in (133&nbsp;mm) dual guns,
<br>'''6''' x 20&nbsp;mm dual AA guns,
<br>'''3''' x 2&nbsp;pdr (37&nbsp;mm/40&nbsp;mm) pom-poms quad guns,
<br>'''2''' x 21&nbsp;in (533&nbsp;mm) triple Torpedo Tubes.


===April - July===
'''Early 1945 - Mid 1946 configuration''':
<!--
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<br>12 × 2&nbsp;pdr (1.5&nbsp;in) pom-poms (3 × 4)
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<br>24 × 20&nbsp;mm AA (8 × 2, 8 × 1)
* [[April 18]] - [[William Ewart Gladstone]] defeats [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in the [[United Kingdom general election, 1880|United Kingdom general election]] to become [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] for the second time.[http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/PrimeMinisters.htm]
<br>6 × 21&nbsp;in (533&nbsp;mm) Torpedo Tubes (2 × 3)
* [[May 13]] - In [[Menlo Park, New Jersey]], [[Thomas Edison]] performs the first test of his [[electric railway]].
</table>
* [[June 29]] - [[France]] annexes [[Tahiti]].
|Ship armor=
* [[July 22]] - [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] becomes [[Emir of Afghanistan]].
<table>
'''Original configuration''':
<br>Belt: '''3''' inch,
<br>Deck: '''1''' inch,
<br>Magazines: '''2''' inch,
<br>Bulkheads: '''1''' inch.
</table>
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship notes=[[Pennant number]] 81
}}
|}
{{otherships|HMS Black Prince}}


===October - December===
'''HMS ''Black Prince''''' was a [[Dido class cruiser|''Dido''-class]] [[light cruiser]] of the [[Royal Navy]], of the ''Bellona'' subgroup. She was a modified ''Dido'' design, sometimes called ''Dido'' Group 2, with only 4 5.25 inch mounts instead of 5, and improved [[anti-aircraft]] armament. She was built by [[Harland & Wolff]] of [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]], with her keel being laid down on 1 December 1939<ref name="janes">''Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II'', London: [[Random House|The Random House Group Ltd]]. ISBN 1-851-70494-9</ref><ref name="uboat">[http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4022.html HMS Black Prince at Uboat.net]</ref>. She was launched on 27 August 1942<ref name="janes" /><ref name="uboat" />, and commissioned on 30 November 1943<ref name="uboat" />.
<!--
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* [[October]] - The "[[Blizzard]] of 1880" begins in [[North America]].
* [[October 6]] - The [[University of Southern California]] opens its doors to 53 students and 10 faculty.
* [[October 15]] - [[Mexico|Mexican]] soldiers kill [[Victorio]], one of the greatest [[Apache Tribe|Apache]] military strategists.
* [[October 28]] - The first stone is laid for the [[Clarkson Memorial]] in [[Wisbech]].
* [[November]] - [[U.S. presidential election, 1880]]: [[James Garfield]] defeats [[Winfield S. Hancock]].
* [[November 4]] - The first [[cash register]] is patented by [[James Ritty|James]] and John Ritty of [[Dayton, Ohio]].
* [[November 11]] - [[Australian]] bushranger and bank robber [[Ned Kelly]] is hanged in [[Melbourne]].
* [[November 22]] - [[Vaudeville]] actress [[Lillian Russell]] makes her debut at [[Tony Pastor]]'s Theatre in [[New York City]].
* [[December 20]] - [[First Boer War]]: The [[Action at Bronkhorstspruit]] results in a Boer victory over the British.
* [[December 30]] - The [[Transvaal]] becomes a republic and [[Paul Kruger]] becomes its first president.


===Undated===
''Black Prince'' was named after [[Edward, the Black Prince|Prince Edward]] (1330-1376), the eldest son of [[King Edward III]].
* [[Piezoelectricity]] is discovered by [[Pierre Curie]] and [[Jacques Curie]].
* [[Cologne Cathedral]] is completed.
* The journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' is founded by [[Thomas Edison]].
* [[Cocaine]] is isolated.
* The [[Capuchin catacombs of Palermo]] are officially closed (there will be some burials afterwards).
* The [[Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction]] of the [[Women's Christian Temperance Union]] is established.
* 4 million [[Jews]] of Europe's 7 million live in the [[Russian Empire]].
* [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]] signs a treaty of protection with the chief on the large [[Teke]] tribe and begins to establish a French [[protectorate]] on the north bank of the [[Congo River]].
* More than 100,000 Chinese men and 3,000 Chinese women are living in the western [[USA]].


==Ongoing==
After commissioning, ''Black Prince'' served on [[Arctic convoys]] and then came south in preparation for the invasion of [[Europe]], being employed on offensive sweeps against German coastal [[convoy]] traffic. On the night of 25 April to 26 April 1944, accompanied by [[destroyer]]s, she was involved in the action which sank the torpedo boat [[German destroyer T29|''T29'']] and damaged [[German destroyer T24|''T24'']] and [[German destroyer T27|''T27'']] off the north [[Brittany]] coast.
* [[Aceh War]] (1873-1904)
* [[War of the Pacific]] (1879-1884)


==Births==
During the [[Normandy landings]] she was part of Force "A" of [[Task Force 125]] in support of [[Utah Beach]]. Task Force 125 at this time consisted of the battleship [[USS Nevada (BB-36)|USS ''Nevada'']], the [[cruiser|cruisers]] [[USS Quincy (CA-71)|USS ''Quincy'']], [[USS Tuscaloosa (CA-37)|USS ''Tuscaloosa'']], and ''Black Prince'', the [[Monitor (warship)|monitor]] [[HMS Erebus (I02)|HMS ''Erebus'']], and several destroyers and destroyer escorts<ref>{{nl icon}} [http://www.go2war2.nl/artikel/1091/Overlord-Assault-Force-U-Utah.htm Go2War2.nl - Overlord, Assault Force U (Utah)]</ref>. Her target was the battery of [[Morsalines]]<ref>Buffetaut Y. (1994). ''D-Day Ships'', London: [[Conway Maritime Press]]. ISBN 0-85177-639-6</ref><ref>[http://www.jeroenkoppes.com/ww2/ships/hms_blackprince.asp HMS Black Prince]</ref>. In August 1944 she moved to the [[Mediterranean Theatre of World War II|Mediterranean]] for the [[Operation Dragoon|invasion of Southern France]]<ref name="nh.net">[http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-06CL-BlackPrince.htm Naval-History.net - HMS Black Prince]</ref>. She was then sent to the [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] waters in September 1944. On 8 September 1944 ''Black Prince'' arrived at [[Alexandria, Egypt]], where she was ordered sweep the area around [[Scarpanto]] and the [[Gulf of Salonica]]. On one occasion she bombarded the [[airfield]] at [[Maleme]] on the island of [[Crete]] to prevent [[Germany|German]] [[aircraft]] from taking off.
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 13}}


===January - June===
On 21 November 1944 ''Black Prince'' left [[Alexandria]], passed through the [[Suez Canal]] into the [[Red Sea]], and then on into the [[Indian Ocean]]. She arrived at [[Colombo]] in [[Ceylon]] on 30 November to join the [[British Pacific Fleet|East Indies Fleet]], where she covered the [[aircraft carrier]] raids against [[Japan]]ese oil installations and airfields in [[Sumatra]] and [[British Malaya|Malaya]] ([[Operation Meridian]]).
<!--
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* [[January 6]] - [[Tom Mix]], American actor (d. [[1940]])
* [[January 11]] - [[Rudolph Palm]], Curaçao born composer (d. [[1950]])
* [[January 17]] - [[Mack Sennett]], Canadian director and producer (d. [[1960]])
* [[January 26]] - [[Douglas MacArthur]], American general (d. [[1964]])
* [[January 28]] - [[Herbert Strudwick]], English cricketer (d. [[1970]])
* [[January 29]] - [[W.C. Fields]], American actor (d. [[1946]])
* [[February 5]] - [[Gabriel Voisin]], French aviation pioneer (d. [[1973]])
* [[February 8]] - [[Franz Marc]], German artist (d. [[1916]])
* [[February 12]]
** [[George Preca]], 1st Maltese saint (d. [[1962]])
** [[John L. Lewis]], American labor union leader (d. [[1969]])
* [[February 16]] - [[Frank Burke (baseball)|Frank Burke]], American baseball player (d. [[1946]])
* [[February 21]] - [[Waldemar Bonsels]], German writer (d. [[1952]])
* [[February 22]] - [[Frigyes Riesz]], Hungarian mathematician (d. [[1956]])
* [[March 1]] - [[Giles Lytton Strachey]], British writer and biographer (d. [[1932]])
* [[March 4]] - [[Channing Pollock (writer)]], American playwright and critic (d. [[1946]])
* [[March 10]] - [[Bronco Billy Anderson]], American actor (d. [[1971]])
* [[March 11]] - [[Harry H. Laughlin]], [[United States|American]] [[Eugenics|eugenicist]] (d. [[1943]])
* [[March 22]] - [[Kuniaki Koiso]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1950]])
* [[March 23]] - [[Heikki Ritavuori]], Finnish Minister of the Interior (d. [[1922]])
* [[March 30]] - [[Sean O'Casey]], Irish writer (d. [[1964]])
* [[April 13]] - [[Charles Christie]], Canadian-born film studio owner (d. [[1955]])
* [[April 15]] - [[Max Wertheimer]], father of Gestalt Theory (d. [[1943]])
* [[April 18]] - [[Sam Crawford]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]r (d. [[1968]])
* [[May 6]] - [[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]], German painter (d. [[1938]])
* [[May 14]] - [[B.C. Forbes]], Scottish-born financial publisher (d. [[1954]])
* [[May 21]] - [[Tudor Arghezi]], Romanian writer (d. [[1967]])
* [[May 25]]
** [[Jean Alexandre Barré]], French neurologist (d. [[1967]])
** [[Alf Common]], English footballer (d. [[1946]])
* [[May 29]] - [[Oswald Spengler]], German philosopher (d. [[1936]])
* [[June 3]] - [[Didier Bonvitesse]], Belgian painter and sculptor (d. [[1945]])
* [[June 6]] - [[W. T. Cosgrave]], Irish politician (d. [[1965]])
* [[June 17]] - [[Carl Van Vechten]], American writer and photographer (d. [[1964]])
* [[June 21]] - [[Josiah Stamp]], 1st Baron Stamp, British civil servant, industrialist and economist (d. [[1941]])
* [[June 27]] - [[Helen Keller]], American spokeswoman for the deaf and blind (d. [[1968]])


===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
On 16 January 1945 she sailed as part of the [[British Pacific Fleet]], seeing action off [[Okinawa]] and in the final bombardments of the Japanese mainland before withdrawing to reoccupy [[Hong Kong]] in September 1945.
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* [[July 5]] - [[Jan Kubelík]], Czech violinist (d. [[1940]])
* [[July 12]] - [[Tod Browning]], American motion picture director, horror film pioneer (d. [[1962]])
* [[July 21]] - [[Milan Rastislav Štefánik]], Slovak General, politician, and astronomer (d. [[1919]]).
* [[July 24]]
** [[Ernest Bloch]], Swiss-born composer (d. [[1959]])
** [[Kristian Hellström]], Swedish athlete (d. [[1946]])
* [[August 6]] - [[Hans Moser (actor)|Hans Moser]], Austrian actor (d. [[1964]])
* [[August 8]] - [[Earle Page]], eleventh [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1961]])
* [[August 10]] - [[Robert L. Thornton]], American businessman, philanthropist, and mayor of Dallas, Texas (d. [[1964]])
* [[August 22]] - [[George Herriman]], American cartoonist (d. [[1944]])
* [[August 23]] - [[Wyndham Standing]], British actor of stage & film (d. [[1963]])
* [[August 26]] - [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], French poet (d. [[1918]])
* [[August 29]] - [[Marie-Louise Meilleur]], verified as longest-lived Canadian ever (d. [[1998]])
* [[August 30]] - [[Nikolai Astrup]], Norwegian painter (d. [[1928]])
* [[August 31]] - Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] (d. [[1962]])
* [[September 12]] - [[H. L. Mencken]], American journalist (d. [[1956]])
* [[September 14]]
** [[Benjamin (Fedchenkov)|Metropolitan Benjamin (Fedchenkov)]], [[Orthodox Christianity|Orthodox]] [[missionary]] and writer, [[Exarch]] of [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Church]] in North America (d. [[1961]])
** [[Archie Hahn]], American athlete (d. [[1955]])
* [[September 16]] - [[Alfred Noyes]], English poet (d. [[1958]])
* [[September 22]] - [[Christabel Pankhurst]], English suffragette (d. [[1958]])
* [[September 23]] - [[John Boyd Orr]], Scottish physician and biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1971]])
* [[September 24]] - [[Sarah Knauss]], verified as longest-lived American ever (d. [[1999]])
* [[October 23]] - [[Una O'Connor]], Irish actress (d. [[1959]])
* [[November 1]]
** [[Grantland Rice]], American sportswriter (d. [[1954]])
** [[Alfred Wegener]], German scientist and meteorolog$2 (d. [[1930]])
* [[November 2]] - [[John Foulds]], British classical music composer (d. [[1939]])
* [[November 5]] - [[Richard Oswald]], Austrian film director (d. [[1963]])
* [[November 6]] - [[Robert Musil]], Austrian novelist (d. [[1942]])
* [[November 10]] - [[Jacob Epstein]], American-born sculptor (d. [[1959]])
* [[November 25]] - [[Elsie J. Oxenham]], British children's novelist (d. [[1960]])
* [[December 1]] - [[Joseph Trumpeldor]], Russian Zionist (d. [[1920]])
* [[December 4]] - [[Garfield Wood]], American motorboat racer (d. [[1971]])
* [[December 10]] - [[Jessie Aspinall]], Australian doctor, first female junior medical resident at the [[Royal Prince Alfred Hospital]] (d. [[1953]])
* [[December 11]] - [[Frank Tarrant]], Australian cricketer (d. [[1951]])
* [[December 24]] - [[Johnny Gruelle]], American cartoonist and children's book author (d. [[1938]])
* [[December 31]] - [[George Marshall]], [[United States Secretary of State]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1959]])
*''date unknown''
** [[William J. Simmons]], founder of the second [[Ku Klux Klan]] (d. [[1945]])
** [[Reginald Farrer]], English botanist (d. [[1920]])
**[[Li Shutong]], Chinese artist and art teacher (d. [[1942]])


==Deaths==
After the Japanese surrender she remained in the [[Far East]] and was transferred to the [[Royal New Zealand Navy]] on 25 May 1946. She reverted to [[Royal Navy]] control, still in an un-modernised condition, on 1 April 1961.
===January - June===
<!--
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* [[January 4]]
** <!--January 4-->[[Anselm Feuerbach]], German painter (b. [[1829]])
** <!--January 4-->[[Marthe Camille Bachasson, Count of Montalivet]], French statesman (b. [[1801]])
* [[January 8]] - [[Joshua A. Norton]], self-anointed Emperor Norton I of the United States of America (b. [[1811]])
* [[January 14]] - [[Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein]] (b. [[1829]])
* [[January 12]] - [[Ida, Countess von Hahn-Hahn]], author (b. [[1805]])
* [[January 20]] - [[Captain Moonlite]], Australian bushranger (b. [[1842]]) (hanged)
* [[January 31]] - [[Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac]], French politician (b. [[1806]])
* [[April 23]] - [[Raden Saleh]], Indonesian painter (b. [[1807]])
* [[March 14]] - [[Pagan Min]], King of Ava (b. [[1811]])
* [[March 31]] - [[Henryk Wieniawski]], Polish composer (b. [[1835]])
* [[May 4]] - [[Edward Clark (governor)|Edward Clark]], Confederate Governor of Texas (b. [[1815]])
* [[May 8]] - [[Gustave Flaubert]], French novelist (b. [[1821]])
* [[May 20]] - [[Károly Alexy]], Hungarian sculptor (b. [[1816]])
* [[June 8]] - [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)]], Empress Consort of [[Czar]] [[Alexander II of Russia]] (b. [[1824]])
* [[June 28]] - [[Texas Jack Omohundro]], American frontier scout, actor, and cowboy (b. [[1846]])


===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
She was sold for scrapping in March 1962; she was towed from [[Auckland]] on 5 April 1962 to the [[Mitsui|Mitsui & Company]], [[Osaka breakage yards]], [[Japan]], by the [[Japanese tug Benten Maru|Japanese tug ''Benten Maru'']], arriving there on 2 May 1962 for breaking up<ref name="uboat" />.
* [[July 7]] - [[Lydia Maria Child]], American novelist and abolitionist (b. [[1802]])
* [[July 17]] - [[Tomasz Chołodecki]], Polish political activist (b. [[1813]])
* [[July 21]] - [[Hiram Walden]], American politician (b. [[1800]])
* [[August 15]] - [[Adelaide Neilson]], English actress (b. [[1848]])
* [[August 17]] - [[Ole Bull]], Norwegian violinist (b. [[1810]])
* [[August 24]] - [[Chief Ouray]], Native American leader (b. c. [[1833]])
* [[October]] - [[Victorio]], Apache chief
* [[October 4]] - [[Jacques Offenbach]], German-born composer (b. [[1819]])
* [[November 11]] - [[Ned Kelly]], Australian bush ranger (hanged) (b. c. [[1855]])
* [[November 28]] - [[Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos]], ([[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]) [[Archbishop]] of [[Goa]] (b. [[1837]])
* [[December 22]] - [[George Eliot]], English writer (b. [[1819]])


{{commonscat}}
==Notes==
<references/>


[[Category:1880| ]]
==References==
*{{Colledge}}
*[http://www.world-war.co.uk/index.php3 WWII cruisers]
*[http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4022.html HMS Black Prince at Uboat.net]


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{{Dido class cruiser|Bellona class cruiser}}
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Revision as of 06:32, 13 October 2008

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:

Template:C19YearInTopicX Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1880

January - March

April - July

October - December

Undated

Ongoing

Births

1880 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1880
MDCCCLXXX
Ab urbe condita2633
Armenian calendar1329
ԹՎ ՌՅԻԹ
Assyrian calendar6630
Baháʼí calendar36–37
Balinese saka calendar1801–1802
Bengali calendar1287
Berber calendar2830
British Regnal year43 Vict. 1 – 44 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2424
Burmese calendar1242
Byzantine calendar7388–7389
Chinese calendar己卯年 (Earth Rabbit)
4577 or 4370
    — to —
庚辰年 (Metal Dragon)
4578 or 4371
Coptic calendar1596–1597
Discordian calendar3046
Ethiopian calendar1872–1873
Hebrew calendar5640–5641
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1936–1937
 - Shaka Samvat1801–1802
 - Kali Yuga4980–4981
Holocene calendar11880
Igbo calendar880–881
Iranian calendar1258–1259
Islamic calendar1297–1298
Japanese calendarMeiji 13
(明治１３年)
Javanese calendar1808–1809
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4213
Minguo calendar32 before ROC
民前32年
Nanakshahi calendar412
Thai solar calendar2422–2423
Tibetan calendar阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
2006 or 1625 or 853
    — to —
阳金龙年
(male Iron-Dragon)
2007 or 1626 or 854

January - June

July - December

Deaths

January - June

July - December

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