Rudník v Krkonoších
| Rudník | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Královéhradecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Trutnov | ||||
| Area : | 4266 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 35 ' N , 15 ° 44' E | ||||
| Height: | 411 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 2,176 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 543 71 - 543 72 | ||||
| License plate : | H | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Trutnov - Vrchlabí | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 3 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Aleš Maloch (as of 2012) | ||||
| Address: | Rudník 51 543 72 Rudník |
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| Municipality number: | 579645 | ||||
| Website : | www.rudnik.cz | ||||
Rudník , until 1952 Heřmanovy Sejfy (German Hermannseifen ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers north of Hostinné and belongs to the Okres Trutnov .
geography
The village Rudník, which is divided into an upper, middle and lower village, extends at the southern foot of the Giant Mountains in the valley of the Bolkovský potok ( Seifenbach ) to the confluence with the Luční potok and at this to the valley of the Čistá ( Lauterwasser ). To the north rise the Černá hora ( Schwarzenberg , 1299 m) and the Zlatá vyhlídka ( Golden View , 806 m), in the northeast the Hladíkova výšina ( Ladighöhe , 768 m) and the Janská hora ( Kalkberg , 728 m), to the southeast the Kamenná ( Forest rock , 543 m) and the Červená výšina ( Rote Höhe , 519 m), in the south-west the Planinka (495 m) and Pastvina (502 m), west of the Spálov (506 m) and in the north-west the Smrčina ( spruce top , 686 m) . To the east is the Dlouhý les ( Long Forest ) forest .
Neighboring towns are Bolkov , Zlatá Vyhlídka and Janské Lázně in the north, Hladíkova Výšina and Svoboda nad Úpou in the Northeast, Janovice and Javorník to the east, Leopoldov and Čermná in the southeast, Arnultovice in the south, Terezín in the southwest, Lázně Fořt and Fořt in the west and Čistá v Krkonoších in the northwest.
history
The place was probably founded in the 13th century by miners who mined gold, silver, copper and iron at the foot of the Giant Mountains. The oldest written message that is believed to also refer to this settlement is related to the Battle of Liegnitz in 1241. It tells how the miners from both sides of the mountains joined the Christian army, which opposed the conquest of the Mongols .
The oldest documentary evidence of the village Hermannsseyf belonging to the possessions of Puta von Turgov was made in 1354 in connection with the parish church of St. Wenceslas. In 1383, Hensil von Turgov auf Arnau sold a Hube of interest in Hermannseifen to the citizens of Arnau. In 1359 the place was referred to as Hermannsisen or Hermannsiwe , 1369 as Hermansdorph , 1385 Hermansstift , 1411 as Hermaniseiff , 1493 as Seufen , 1516 as Hermzayff , 1615 as Hermonzeyff and 1713 as Herrmanseuffen .
Since the Hussite Wars , the estate has been owned by the brothers Johann († 1434) and Hynek Kruschina von Lichtenburg . In 1424 the area was ravaged by the army of Jan Žižka during the siege of Arnau . In 1521 Zdeněk von Waldstein bought the Arnau estate with all its accessories from Johann von Wartenberg . Under Georg von Waldstein († 1584), who took over rule in 1548, the Reformation took hold . In 1590 the rule was divided, with Hannibal von Waldstein receiving the villages of Arnsdorf, Hermannseifen and Polkendorf after the death of his brothers and forming the allodial estate Hermannseifen. At the beginning of the 17th century he had a castle built in the lower part of the village as a mansion. In addition to this, the first wooden schoolhouse was built at that time. In 1622 the captain of the Königgrätzer Kreis , Hannibal von Waldstein auf Hermannseifen, Arnau and Welichow , died at the age of 46. The Lords of Waldstein promoted mining and metallurgy, and agriculture gained increasing importance from the 16th century.
At the end of the Thirty Years War , the Hermannseifen Church was re-Catholicized in 1640 as St. Branch church consecrated to Wenzel is subordinate to the parish of Arnau. This did not change the fact that the population remained Protestant. Besides the four-member Catholic family of Burgrave Hendrich Patzelt, 343 non-Catholics lived in the village in 1651. In 1677 a Catholic parish was set up in Hermannseifen. Leopold Wilhelm Reichsgraf von Waldstein founded the Leopoldesdorf ( Leopoldov ) settlement named after him in the same year . Hermannseifen remained in the possession of the von Waldstein family until 1706, after which the princes of Schwarzenberg acquired the estate and attached it to their rule of Wildschütz . In 1709 farmers from Hermannseifen also took part in the East Bohemian peasant uprising. In the course of the 18th century, linen weaving became an important source of income. With the house numbering introduced in 1771, 218 houses were counted in Hermannseifen and 20 houses in Leopold. On March 26, 1775, numerous rebellious farmers and allies from Forst, Polkendorf and Mohren moved from Hermannseifen to Wildschütz Castle and had their demands for freedom confirmed in writing. During the War of the Bavarian Succession , Prussian troops invaded the village in August 1778. Between August 26 and September 7, 1778, King Frederick the Great took up a position on the ridge between Forst, Schwarzenthal and Ober Langenau . After the fighting ended, Emperor Joseph II traveled to the scenes of the fighting in the Giant Mountains and stayed in Hermannseifen with Jakob Fiedler. After the toleration patent was issued in 1781, a Protestant congregation formed in Hermannseifen, which on July 24, 1786, consecrated a Protestant prayer house. In 1789, Prince Johann von Schwarzenberg exchanged the Wildschütz rule with the attached Hermannseifen estate with Emperor Joseph II for Borovany . In 1790 the Arnau textile manufacturer Johann Franz Theer bought the estate. Four years later he founded the Johannisgunst settlement . In 1807 there was another peasant uprising against the labor in Hermannseifen and Wildschütz. The following year, his son Franz Theer Freiherr von Silberstein acquired the goods. In 1813 he had a neo-Gothic castle built in a splendid park below the old castle next to the Bleiche. Josef Karl Theer von Silberstein († 1839) had the collapsed castle converted into a brewery and wine distillery in 1815 and leased it to the Jew Wolf Müller. With the inheritance contract of 1815, the Hermannseifen estate was separated from the Wildschütz rule and passed to Josef Karl Theer Freiherr von Silberstein. A paper mill was built in the old mill and a new stone school building next to the church in 1818. In 1832 cholera broke out. In 1834 the allodial estate Hermannseifen with the attached feudal estates Mohren and Helfendorf comprised the villages Arnsdorf, Hermannseifen, Helfendorf, Polkendorf, Leopold, Mohren and Johannesgunst with a total of 3692 inhabitants. Hermannseifen had 1804 inhabitants and consisted of 267 houses, including the paper mill leased to the Kiesling brothers and another four mills. In 1836 Josef Karl Theer von Silberstein had the Theresiental settlement built above the new castle in the Čistá valley, which he named after his friend Theresia, née Pulpan von Feldstein.
After the inheritance was lifted , Polkendorf broke away from Hermannseifen. From 1850 both places formed two independent communities in the judicial district of Arnau and in the Hohenelbe district . Since that time, the districts of Johannesgunst and Leopold have belonged to the municipality of Hermannseifen. In 1879 Adolf Theer von Silberstein sold the Hermannseifen estate to Friedrich Wihard from Liebau in Silesia . He sold it in 1880 to the textile manufacturer Johann Adam Kluge ( Garnkluge ). In 1921 the population consisted of 2272 people, of whom 2109 were German-speaking and 109 were Czech-speaking. After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , the community was assigned to the new judicial district of Arnau in 1922. In 1930, 2622 people lived in the place, in 1939 there were 2698. During the nocturnal storm from June 20 to 21, 1934, the “Gunster Kreuz” was destroyed by a lightning strike. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Hermannseifen was annexed to the German Reich in 1938, occupied by German troops and until 1945 belonged to the Hohenelbe district .
After the Second World War, the place was occupied by troops of the Soviet Union and came back to Czechoslovakia . On June 29, 1945, five men from Heřmanovy Sejfy were executed by order of the Hostinné garrison commander for prohibited possession of weapons in front of all residents. As a result of the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia , the population fell sharply. The place name Hermannseifen was translated into the Czech language. In 1946 Bolkov was incorporated. On February 16, 1952, Heřmanovy Sejfy was renamed Rudník . On June 1, 1960, Javorník was incorporated, and in 1980 Arnultovice was added as a district. After the dissolution of the Okres Vrchlabí, Rudník was assigned to the Okres Trutnov at the beginning of 1961. Bolkov, Janovice, Leopold and Terezín lost their status as districts in 1980.
Local division
The municipality Rudník consists of the districts Arnultovice ( Arnsdorf ), Javorník ( Mohren ) and Rudník ( Hermannseifen ). Other settlement units are Bolkov ( Polkendorf ), Janovice ( Johannesgunst ), Lázně Fořt ( Forstbad ), Leopoldov ( Leopold ) and Terezín ( Theresienthal ). The building settlements Hladíkova Výšina ( Helfendorf ) and Zlatá Vyhlídka ( Golden Outlook ) also belong to the municipality .
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Arnultovice, Bolkov, Javorník v Krkonoších and Rudník.
Attractions
- Parish Church of St. Wenceslas, the Gothic church that has been documented since 1354 was redesigned in the Renaissance style between 1598 and 1602. The tombstone for Hannibal von Waldstein († 1622) is on the cemetery wall. In 1969 the church was badly damaged by fire and the restoration work was completed in 1978. A memorial plaque for the victims of the shooting on May 29, 1945 was solemnly attached to the church in 2001.
- Old castle, the building erected between 1607 and 1622 in Mitteldorf, partially collapsed in the 18th century, it was converted into a brewery in 1815. Remains of sgraffito are preserved, on the east side the coat of arms of the builder Hannibal von Waldstein and the alliance coat of arms from 1717 and on the west side the coat of arms of Hannibal von Waldstein's wife Katharina Berka von Duba and Leipa
- Neo-Gothic New Castle in Niederdorf, built in 1813 for Johann Franz Theer, because of its location on the border between Nieder Hermannseifen and Arnsdorf, it was formerly known as Arnsdorf Castle .
- Catholic rectory, baroque building from 1766
- Statue of St. Johannes von Nepomuk, at the rectory, created in 1720 on the initiative of Pastor Christoph Seidel
- Ruins of the Protestant church at the northern exit of the village, the building erected between 1785 and 1786 was abandoned to decay after 1945
Honorary citizen
- 2010: Stanislav Wajsar (* 1942), teacher, librarian and local writer
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.riesengebirgler.de/gebirge/orte/Ortschaften.htm
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 3: Bidschower Kreis. Calve, Prague 1835, pp. 200-204.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 3: Bidschower Kreis. Calve, Prague 1835, pp. 203-204.
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Hohenelbe district (Czech. Vrchlabí). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
