Kleist (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those von Kleist

Kleist is the name of an old, originally rear-Pomeranian nobility , which was able to spread beyond Pomerania to Brandenburg , Kurbayern , Kurköln , Bohemia , Denmark , Silesia , Prussia , Kurland and Sweden . Branches of the family still exist today.

history

The Kleist family was first mentioned in a document with Klest de Densin and his brother Prissebur in 1289, when they both attested the transfer of ownership of 200 Hufen Land to the Buckow monastery by Pribislaw II in the country of Belgard . The former is seen as the progenitor of the family, with whom the secured continuous line of tribe begins. The gender is of the same tribe and coat of arms as that of Woedtke . The now extinct East Pomeranian families Bulgrin, Butzke, Kranksporn and Wusseken also had an identical coat of arms . It was assumed that the Kleist family was of Wendish origin. A connection to the knight Conradus Clest, mentioned in a document 1248–1284, and his brother Bertholdus Clest († before 1269) is based only on conjecture. Conradus Clest, ducal Pomeranian marshal , who appeared once in a document from 1263 as Conradi militis dicti Cleist , was a tenant in Brandenburg and Pomerania. A German origin is postulated for his family.

In the 14th century, the family divided into the three main lines Tychow - Dubberow , Muttrin - Damen and Raddatz († 1793). In 1477 the Kleist received the entire hand loan for their Pomeranian goods. This privilege meant that if a feudal feudal man without sons died, a fiefdom would not revert to the liege lord, but to the closest male family member. These favorable framework conditions meant that the family reached its peak with 190 male members in one generation at the beginning of the 18th century.

In the wars from 1740 to 1763 the family lost 53 men. The importance the family had for the Prussian army is also evident from the fact that it was the family that, with 30 awards, had the highest number of those awarded the Pour le Mérite order .

From July 2, 1857 until the 1918 revolution , the Kleist had the right to present the Prussian manor house , which apart from them only belonged to 17 other families. The tremendous changes in the first half of the 20th century also resulted in the loss of their homeland and 30 goods for the family east of the Elbe .

Presentation right to the Prussian manor house

In 1857, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV granted the family the right to present themselves to the Prussian mansion . The family was the eleventh family to receive this right.

At the presentation of the association of the Pomeranian family von Kleist sat in the manor house:

Ennobling

The future Prussian field marshal Friedrich von Kleist (1762-1823) was raised to the Prussian count status in Paris on June 3, 1814 with the addition of Nollendorf in reference to his victory at Nollendorf .

The Prussian court hunter and major, Wilhelm von Kleist (1791–1860), nephew of the last Count von Loß , was given the principle of primogeniture in Berlin on March 21, 1823 as Kleist vom Loß without restriction to the Prussian count status. His son, the heir to Groß-Autz and Sirmeln in Courland , Count Conrad von Kleist (1839–1900), enrolled in the Courland Knighthood on March 4th. Erika Countess Kleist vom Loß (1878–1920) was entered posthumously in the Saxon nobility register under no. 563 on September 10, 1921.

The Kleist from the house of Zützen were, linked to the property of the Fideikommiss Zützen with Gersdorf and also following the principle of Primogenitur, on October 10, 1840 in Berlin, with a diploma from June 1, 1863, the royal Prussian major a. D. Eduard von Kleist (1795–1852) raised to the Prussian count status. His brother, the royal Prussian district administrator of the Schweinitz district , Baron Gustav von Kleist (1801-1884) was allowed to continue the baron title ad personam by extraordinary cabinet order of September 13, 1862.

According to the principle of primogeniture and linked to the possession of Wendisch-Tychow, the royal Prussian chamberlain and later vice chief master of ceremonies, Ewald von Kleist (1821-1892), was given an extraordinary cabinet order in Berlin on August 27, 1869, with a diploma on August 20 In 1873 raised to the Prussian count status.

Linked to Fideikommiss Möthlow and Groß-Tychow with Alt-Bukow , the Prussian District Administrator and Rittmeister of the Reserve a. D. Wolf Friedrich von Kleist-Retzow in Berlin on June 16, 1913 the Prussian count.

The Prussian Premier Lieutenant a. D. and hereditary lord of Tüppelsgrün in Bohemia, Heinrich Werner Eduard von Kleist from the Redel house (1797–1876) was raised to the Prussian baron status in Berlin on May 6, 1831 .

From the house Rath Baron Friedrich von Kleist received (1770-1861), the Prussian recognition of Baron article by Ministerialreskript in Berlin on September 14, 1829. The brothers Baron Werner von Kleist (1861-1917), Prussian cadet, and Baron Ewald von Kleist ( 1840–1881), Prussian secret secretary in the War Ministry, according to the Heroldsamtrescript, the right to use the title of baron in Berlin was granted on June 25, 1877. The third brother, Baron Karl von Kleist (1865–1943), Colonel a. D., received on June 22, 1929 in Berlin, by decision of the department for nobility issues, the approval for admission to the Gotha F (baron nobility), his baron title was not objected to.

The Kleist from the Susten family registered with the Courland Knighthood on May 10, 1841 . The Russian recognition of the right to use the baron title by Senatsukase took place on September 21, 1853 and April 3, 1862. On August 30, 1861 in Ostend, the Prussian Prime Lieutenant, Baron Carl Heinrich von Kleist from the Elkesem House (1801-1870) received the Prussian permission to continue the baron title through extraordinary cabinet orders.

With the von Bornstedt in Berlin on April 11, 1803 a Prussian name u. Coat of Arms Association Kleist v. Bornstedt for the Prussian Prime Lieutenant and Fideikommissherrn on Hohennauen, Franz Otto von Kleist from the Segenthin house (1771–1825), hereditary to his brother, the Prussian staff captain Ludwig Karl von Kleist (1772–1854). From this line, the Prussian general of the infantry, Jakob Friedrich von Rüchel-Kleist (1778–1848) named himself after his in-law and adoptive father, General Ernst von Rüchel (1754–1823), whose lineage began on January 2, 1810 BC . Rüchel, otherwise v. Kleist or also v. Rüchel-Kleist .

On February 13, 1839, the name and coat of arms association with the expired v. Retzow as Kleist-Retzow for the heir to Kieckow and Möthlow , Johann Georg von Kleist from the house of Groß-Tychow (1771–1844). On October 5, 1840, he was granted the hereditary dignity of hereditary kitchen master of Western Pomerania .

With the von Ditfurth in Berlin on April 24, 1887 a Prussian name u. Coat of Arms Association v. Kleist-Ditfurth for the later royal Prussian lieutenant in the 4th Guards Regiment on foot , Sigismund von Kleist from the house of Zadtkow (1848–1911), nephew and since August 1886 adoptive son of the Prussian lieutenant general Barthold von Ditfurth from the house of Dankersen (1826–1911) 1902). The name and coat of arms association was canceled for the same on October 21, 1901.

The Kleist from the house of Krummensee received from the department for nobility issues on July 20, 1935 the approval to take over their main row from Gotha B (letter nobility ) to row A (original nobility ).

Noble families

The Prussian lieutenant colonel and fortress construction director in Königsberg and later lieutenant general Franz Wilhelm Kleist (1806-1882), natural son of the Prussian lieutenant colonel Wilhelm Franz von Kleist from the house of Krummensee (1765-1817) received on October 8, 1860 with a slightly modified one paternal coat of arms, the Prussian nobility legitimation.

Agnes Charlotte Auguste Ganske (1836–1868), natural and adopted daughter of the Prussian chamberlain Xaver von Kleist from the house of Zützen (1798–1866), was raised to the Prussian nobility on March 30, 1863 in Berlin with the settlement of her father's name and coat of arms .

Family association

The Kleist family association was founded on June 22, 1857 in Stettin in connection with the granting of the right to present the Prussian mansion on July 2, 1857. One of the first measures was the tendering of a family history. A comprehensive family history was researched, written and published from 1862 to 1886 by the well-known Pomeranian historians and local researchers Gustav Kratz , Ludwig Quandt , George Adalbert von Mülverstedt as well as Wilhelm Stettin and Georg Heinrich Kypke .

The family association was restituted on October 1, 1955, and the legal form of a registered association has existed since 1957 . In 1980 he published the continuation of the family history. Family days are held every two years.

Before the Second World War, the family association had collected documents from the family's estate archives at the time, built up a large collection of photos and deposited the documents in the Stettin Provincial Archives. These documents are no longer available today.

The family archive rebuilt by the family association after 1945 is located in the archive of the city of Hamm .

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a red bar in silver accompanied by two fleeting red foxes . On the helmet with red and silver covers, three iron gag spikes with golden shafts, which have fallen fan-shaped onto three (silver-red-silver) roses.

In addition, there are a number of other coats of arms in the family, which are shown in the general history of the family listed under web links .

Known family members

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Kleist (noble family)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Christopher Clark : Prussia. Rise and fall. 1600-1947. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt , Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-421-05392-3 , p. 193.
  2. ^ Gustav Lehmann: The knights of the order pour le merite. Volume 2, pages 619-620, Mittler, Berlin, 1913.
  3. a b E. David (ed.): Handbook for the Prussian manor house . Berlin 1911, p. 226 ( online ).
  4. E. David (Ed.): Handbook for the Prussian manor house . Berlin 1911, p. 336 ( online ).
  5. ^ The historical archive of the city of Hamm . City of Hamm. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
  6. ^ Genealogy. Handbook of the Nobility, Volume GA VII, page 242, CA Starke-Verlag, 1973.