List of women chemists

Marie Lavoisier and her husband, portrait by Jacques-Louis David 1788

The list of women chemists includes women scientists who specialize in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology. Scientists specializing in medicine, genetic engineering, cell biology or molecular biology (such as Rita Levi-Montalcini ) and chemists who are primarily known in other areas such as politics ( Margaret Thatcher ), literature or sports ( Jelena Vladimirovna Petuschkowa ) are not listed.

List of names

Contents A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A.

Frances H. Arnold

• Barbara Albert (* 1966), Prof. at the TU Darmstadt, Solid State Chemistry, 2012/13 President of the GDCh
• Katharina Al-Shamery , professor for physical chemistry in Oldenburg
• Anna of Denmark (1532–1585) , Electress of Saxony, dealt with pharmacy and had her own laboratory
• Frances H. Arnold (* 1956), Prof. at Caltech, Biochemistry, Directed Evolution, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018
• Ruth Arnon (* 1933), actually an immunologist, professor at the Weizmann Institute, synthetic antigens, drug against multiple sclerosis (copaxones)

B.

Jacqueline K. Barton

• Maria Bakunin (1873-1966), Russian-born Italian chemist and biologist, daughter of Michail Bakunin , did her doctorate in chemistry in Naples, from 1912 professor of applied chemistry at the local polytechnic, also dealt with geology (eruptions of Vesuvius, oil shale). She rebuilt the Accademia Pontaniana with Benedetto Croce after the Second World War and was its president. Aunt of the mathematician Renato Caccioppoli .
• Jacqueline Barton (* 1952), Prof. at Caltech, DNA chemistry
• Marianne Baudler (1921–2003), Professor for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry in Cologne. Phosphorus chemistry. Alfred Stock Memorial Prize .
• Annette Beck-Sickinger (* 1960), biochemistry, Prof. in Leipzig.
• Margot Becke-Goehring (1914–2009), professor in Heidelberg and in 1966 the first female rector of a university in West Germany. Director of the Gmelin Institute.
• Ruth Benerito (1916–2013), Department of Agriculture Research Center in New Orleans, Wrinkle Resistant Cotton
• Ruth Benesch (1925–2000), together with her husband Reinhold Benesch , investigated how hemoglobin releases oxygen in the body (high carbon dioxide content as a trigger).
• Carolyn Bertozzi (* 1966), Prof. Berkeley, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology. She introduced the term bioorthogonal reaction and developed the first reactions for it. Click chemistry .
• Nadja-Carola Bigall (* 1979), Physical Chemistry, University of Hanover, construction of superstructures from nanoparticles with special properties, e.g. for sensors
• Pamela J. Bjorkman (* 1956), Prof. at Caltech, X-ray crystallography of the main histocompatibility complex (MHC)
• Filomena Nitti Bovet (1909–1994), Italian pharmacologist, daughter of Francesco Saverio Nitti , married to Daniel Bovet , with whom she worked at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and Rome. Published under Bovet or Nitti-Bovet
• Silvia Braslavsky (* 1942), MPI for Radiation Chemistry, deals with photochemistry
• Angela Hartley Brodie (1934-2017), biochemistry, anti-breast cancer agent (aromatase inhibitor)
• Lucia de Brouckère (1904–1982), Belgian chemist, did her doctorate in Brussels, where she also taught at the university (Chargé de Cours 1937, as the first woman in the Faculté de Sciences in Brussels)
• Rachel Fuller Brown (1898–1980) developed nystatin with Elizabeth Lee Hazen
• Marie Buckwitz (1890–1951), one of the first women to do a doctorate in chemistry in Vienna
• Edith Bülbring (1903–1990), pharmacologist of German origin in Oxford
• Cynthia J. Burrows (* 1953), Chemistry of Nucleic Acids and Oxidative Damage to DNA, Professor at the University of Utah, Willard Gibbs Medal.

C.

Sabine Stuart de Chevalier, Discours Philosophique, 1781

Marie Curie 1903

• Mary L. Caldwell (1890–1972), American biochemist, Prof. Columbia University, studied amylases
• Emma P. Carr (1880–1972), American chemist, examined the double bond using ultraviolet spectroscopy , the first recipient of the Garvan Olin Medal
• Emily Carter (* 1960), received her PhD in chemistry from Caltech in 1987, was a professor at UCLA and since 2004 in Princeton, founding director of the Andlinger Center for Energy and Environment, member of the National Academy of Sciences, theoretical chemistry, quantum chemistry
• Marjorie C. Caserio (* 1929), British-American chemist, professor at UCI and UCSD for organic chemistry; Arine, allenes and organic sulfur compounds
• Yvette Cauchois (1908–1999), French physico-chemist, spectroscopy, student of Jean Perrin , received her doctorate in Paris in 1933. Professor of Physical Chemistry in Paris
• Sylvia T. Ceyer (* 1953), Prof. at MIT, physical chemistry, surface chemistry
• Asima Chatterjee (1917–2006), Indian chemist, professor in Calcutta, alkaloids
• Sabine Stuart de Chevalier , French author of an alchemical book Discours philosophique… from the 18th century
• Uma Chowdhry (* 1947), former CTO of DuPont
• Barbara von Cilli († 1451), Empress as the wife of Sigismund , had a reputation as an alchemist, but is said to have deceived.
• Mildred Cohn (1913–2009), biochemist, received the National Medal of Science for the use of NMR for the study of enzyme reactions, especially with ATP
• Catherine Coleman (* 1960), chemist and NASA astronaut
• Gerty Cori (1896–1957), Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 1947, biochemistry, important work on sugar metabolism, partly with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori
• Isabella Cortese , 16th century, author of the chemistry cookbook I secreta de la Signora Isabella Cortese (Venice 1561), but possibly a pseudonym
• Erika Cremer (1900–1996), professor in Innsbruck, developed adsorption gas chromatography
• Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin (1910–1994), Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964, X-ray structure analysis of complex biomolecules such as insulin
• Marie Curie (1867–1934), Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911, Radiochemistry

D.

• Marcetta Darensbourg (* 1942), Prof. Texas A&M University, bioinorganic and organometallic chemistry, for example biomimetic catalysts for bio-fuel cells, Willard Gibbs Medal
• Viktoria Däschlein-Gessner (* 1982), inorganic scientist at the Ruhr University Bochum
• Margaret Oakley Dayhoff (1925–1983), Professor at Georgetown University, theoretical chemistry, pioneer of bioinformatics
• Stefanie Dehnen (* 1969), Professor at the Philipps University of Marburg, Inorganic Chemistry
• Christiane Dietrich-Buchecker (1942–2008), University of Strasbourg, was involved in the fundamental work of Jean-Pierre Sauvage on the catenane synthesis in 1983 and the first synthesis of a trefoil knot molecule in 1989
• Ewine van Dishoeck (* 1955), Prof. in Leiden, Cosmochemistry
• Jennifer A. Doudna (* 1964), Prof. in Berkeley, Biochemistry, Structure Ribozymes
• Birgit Drießen-Hölscher (1964–2004), Prof. in Paderborn, homogeneous catalysis
• Tracy Caldwell Dyson (* 1969), chemist and NASA astronaut

E.

Gertrude Belle Elion

• Anna Carina Eichhorn (* 1972), biochemistry, founder of a company for (private) DNA analysis
• Ingeborg Eichler (1923–2008), pharmacologist, enforced the prescription requirement for Contergan in Austria and was thus able to limit the consequences of the Contergan scandal in Austria
• Odile Eisenstein , French chemist, did her doctorate in 1977 with Lionel Salem and Nguyên Trong Anh at the University of Paris-Süd, research director of the CNRS and professor in Montpellier. Theoretical organic chemistry with work on the Felkin-Anh rules
• Gertrude Belle Elion (1918–1999), pharmacologist, Nobel Prize, involved in many important drug developments at the Wellcome Laboratories
• Irène Elphimoff , French chemist (theoretical organic chemistry), wife of Hugh Felkin and therefore Irène Elphimoff-Felkin. Professor at the Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles of the CNRS in Gif-sur-Yvette.
• Gladys Anderson Emerson , American biochemist and nutritionist, Research on Vitamin B and E, University of California, Berkeley and Los Angeles, and Merck & Co., Inc.

F.

• Marga Faulstich (1915–1998), optical glasses at Schott in Jena and Mainz
• Liselotte Feikes (* 1923), environmental chemist, developed processes for wastewater treatment at the Carl Freudenberg Works in Weinheim, for example for tanneries
• Claudia Felser (* 1962), Prof. in Mainz, Materials Science
• Barbara M. Ferrier (1932–2006), Prof. McMaster University, organic synthesis and biochemistry, Barbaralon and Barbaralan are named after her.
• Jacqueline Ficini (1923–1988), French chemist, organic chemistry and synthesis, studied in Paris and Angers, received her doctorate in 1952, post-doc with Gilbert Stork , professor in Reims and at the University of Paris VI, a. a. Enzyme chemistry, Le Bel Prize, Jecker Prize and Berthelot Medal, Knights of the Palmes Academiques and the Legion of Honor
• Mary Fieser (1909–1997), Organic Chemistry, wrote well-known textbooks with her husband Louis Fieser
• Edith M. Flanigen (* 1929), zeolite researcher, chemist at Union Carbide, synthetic emeralds, was the first woman to receive the Perkin Medal
• Marye Anne Fox (* 1947), American chemist (physical organic chemistry). Was Chief Executive of North Carolina State University at Raleigh and Chancellor of the University of California, San Diego . Received the National Medal of Science in 2010 .
• Joanna Fowler (* 1942), nuclear chemistry, neuroscience, developed tracers for positron emission tomography of the brain
• Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), X-ray crystallography of DNA, their measurement results enabled James D. Watson and Francis Crick to make their breakthrough, but were made available to Franklin without the knowledge of Franklin, who missed the Nobel Prize for Watson and Crick.
• Helen Free (* 1923), developed diabetes self-tests at Miles Laboratories (now part of Bayer), Chemical Pioneer Award
• Cynthia M. Friend (* 1955), Prof. at Harvard, surface chemistry and catalysis
• Anna-Charlotte Frölich (* 1907), deceased, Head of the Chemistry Department at KWI Animal Breeding Research

G

• Tanja Gaich (* 1980), professor in Konstanz, total synthesis of natural products, a. a. Chemistry Prize of the Academy of Sciences Göttingen.
• Marika Geldmacher-von Mallinckrodt (1923–2016), forensic toxicologist, professor in Erlangen. Clear breakdown of E 605 ( parathion ) in the body, formerly a popular poison
• Elisa Ghigi (1902–1987), Professor of Organic Chemistry in Bologna
• Lila M. Gierasch (* 1948), American biochemist and biophysicist, Prof. University of Massachusetts Amherst, research focus on protein folding
• Lynn Gladden (* 1961), chemical engineer, Prof. in Cambridge, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Bakerian Lecture, CBE, Fellow of the Royal Society
• Ellen Gleditsch (1879–1968), Norwegian chemist, assistant to Marie Curie
• Jenny P. Glusker (* 1931), British biochemist, Prof. University of Pennsylvania. Enzymes, X-ray crystallographic examinations, etc. a. of carcinogens and anti-tumor agents. Student of Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin.
• Irene Götz (married Dienes) (1889–1941), Hungarian chemist, doctorate in Budapest in 1911, then with Marie Curie in Paris, professor of theoretical chemistry in the Hungarian Soviet Republic, after her defeat as a communist, fled to Vienna in the 1920s Years professor in Klausenburg and at Schering in Berlin, later in Moscow, where she taught at the Karl Liebknecht School and other Moscow schools and was at the Institute for Nitrogen Research, later with the title of professor. Arrested and deported in 1941, died in the camp in Frunze. Her two daughters and her husband returned to Budapest.
• Mary L. Good (1931-2019), 1955 at the Univ. of Arkansas PhD, Prof. at Louisiana State University and Univ. of New Orleans and then Chemicals, Presidential Advisor (1988-1991 National Science Board Member), Priestley Medal , Inorganic Chemistry, Mössbauer Spectroscopy , Waste Treatment
• Arda Green (1899-1958), Biochemistry, Discovery of Serotonin
• Sandra C. Greer (* 1945), American chemist (physical chemistry), Prof. University of Maryland and Mills College, thermodynamics of liquids, especially polymer dispersion and phase transitions
• Clare Gray , Professor at Cambridge, Davy Medal, Fellow of the Royal Society, NMR applied to lithium-ion batteries
• Rowena Green Matthews (* 1938), American biochemist and biophysicist, Prof. University of Michigan, research focus on enzymes
• Marianne Grunberg-Manago (1921–2013), French biochemist, discoverer of polynucleotide phosphorylase. She was research director at the CNRS in Paris and a member of the Académie des sciences .
• Tanja Gulder , German professor for organic chemistry at the University of Leipzig with a focus on biomimetics

H

Darleane C. Hoffman

• Sossina M. Haile , Prof. at Caltech, Solid State Chemistry , Materials Science, Chemical Pioneer Award
• Ulla Hamberg (1918–1985), Finnish biochemist, pharmacist's daughter from Turku , did her doctorate in Helsinki in 1962 and was professor there, peptide hormones, proteins of the blood plasma, especially bradykinin . Also did research in Sao Paulo and the USA
• Andrea Hartwig (* 1958), food chemistry, Prof. in Karlsruhe, MAK Values ​​Commission
• Elizabeth Hazen (1885–1975), received her PhD from Columbia University in microbiology in 1927, developing nystatin with Rachel Fuller Brown. She received the Chemical Pioneer Award.
• Henrike Heise (* 1971), Prof. in Düsseldorf, Organometallic Chemistry
• Hildegard Hess (1920–2014), Berlin, holds a doctorate in food chemistry, first freelance commercial chemist in Germany and head of her own laboratory
• Evamarie Hey-Hawkins (* 1957), Inorganic Chemistry, Prof. in Leipzig
• Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–1994), Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964, biochemist, X-ray structure analysis of important biological molecules such as insulin, vitamin B 12
• Darleane C. Hoffman (* 1926), nuclear chemistry, Prof. in Berkeley, Priestley Medal
• M. Katharine Holloway (* 1957), like Chen Zhao , developed protease inhibitors, important as an AIDS drug
• Luise Holzapfel (1900–1963), head of department at the KWI / MPI for Silicate Research
• Icie Macy Hoobler (1892–1984), biochemist, child nutrition
• Marjorie G. Horning (1917–2020), biochemist, National Institutes of Health and Prof. Baylor University, metabolism of drugs and drugs and transfer to the embryo, with her husband Evan C. Horning pioneers in the use of chromatography in biochemistry
• Stephanie Horovitz (1887–1942), chemist, determined atomic weights with Otto Hönigschmid in Vienna and found evidence of isotopes with him, was murdered after the First World War as a psychologist at Alfred Adler's school in Treblinka
• Catherine Housecroft (* 1955), British chemist and professor in Basel, works in a joint research group with her husband Edwin Constable
• Elfriede Husemann (1908–1975) completed her habilitation in 1939 with Hermann Staudinger in Freiburg, where she was professor and director of the Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry

I.

• Clara Immerwahr (1870–1915), doctor of chemistry and wife of Fritz Haber , who shot herself in protest against his involvement in poison gas development

J

• Emilie Jäger (1926–2011), Prof. University of Bern, radioactive age determination in geology
• Allene R. Jeanes (1906-1995), American chemist (organic chemistry), United States Department of Agriculture, dextrans and discoverer of xanthan gum
• Boguslawa Jezowska-Trzebiatowska (1908–1991), Polish physico-chemist (spectroscopy, magnetic chemistry, nuclear chemistry), did her doctorate in 1935 at the Lemberg Polytechnic, from 1954 professor at the University of Breslau, where she co-founded a school for complex chemistry. Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
• Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956), daughter of Marie Curie and also known as a nuclear physicist with her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie , with whom she received the Nobel Prize in 1935.
• Madeleine M. Joullié (* 1927) French-American chemist, organic chemistry, Prof. University of Pennsylvania

K

Stephanie Kwolek

• Isabella Karle (1921-2017), Naval Research Laboratory, X-ray crystallography for structural analysis of complex compounds with Jerome Karle married
• Berta Karlik (1904–1990), Austrian physicist, radioactivity, discovered isotopes of astatine
• Joyce Jacobson Kaufman (1929–2016), American chemist, structure-activity relationship of psychotropic drugs, Prof. Johns Hopkins University
• Ora Kedem (* 1924), Prof. Physikal. Chemistry Weizmann Institute, transport processes across membranes, seawater desalination
• Ilona Kelp-Kabay (1897–1970), Hungarian chemist, worked with her husband János Kabay (production of morphine)
• Frances Oldham Kelsey (1914–2015), pharmacologist, long delayed the release of thalidomide in the USA, so that the thalidomide scandal there was relatively limited
• Laura L. Kiessling (* 1960), Prof. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Claude S. Hudson Award , Willard Gibbs Medal, Carbohydrate Chemistry.
• Almuth Klemer (* 1924), carbohydrate chemistry, professor in Münster
• Judith Klinman (born 1941), Prof. University of California, Berkeley, National Medal of Science , Willard Gibbs Medal, enzyme kinetics
• Cleopatra (alchemist) , approx. 3 century AD, Alexandria, known for her work Chrysopoeia (gold making).
• Maria Kobel (1897–1996), department head at the KWI for Biochemistry, Ferment Research
• Gertrud Kornfeld (1891–1955), was the only woman to complete her habilitation at a university in Germany during the Weimar Republic. As a Jew, she was forced to emigrate.
• Antonia Elisabeth Korvezee (1899–1978) (Toos Korvezee), Dutch chemist, received her doctorate in 1930 and then worked in the laboratory of Marie Curie in Paris, dealt with radioactivity, first professor (theoretical chemistry) at the TU Delft, where she worked with the reactor center built up, feminist
• Nora Kräutle (1891–1981), was the first woman to receive a doctorate in chemistry from a technical college, and one of the first women chemists at Hoechst
• Ulrike Krewer (* 1976), professor of chemical engineering at the TU Braunschweig, fuel cells, batteries.
• Maria Kritzman , Russian biochemist, discovered in 1937 by Alexander E. Braunstein the transamination in metabolism
• Maria-Regina Kula (* 1937), Prof. in Düsseldorf. Biocatalysts using genetically optimized enzymes (partly with Martina Pohl)
• Nora Kulak , Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
• Stephanie Kwolek (1923–2014) invented Kevlar at DuPont .

L.

• Katharina Landfester (* 1969), did her doctorate in 1995 in Mainz in physics. Chemistry, was professor for macromolecular chemistry in Ulm and has been director at the MPI for Polymer Research in Mainz since 2008, mini emulsion technology, synthesis of complex nanoparticles
• Sabine Laschat (* 1963), Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Stuttgart, a. a. Bionanomaterials
• Marie Lavoisier (1758–1836), married to Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier , later to Count Rumford, worked with Lavoisier on his experiments
• Julija Vsewolodowna Lermontowa (1847–1919), first woman to receive a doctorate in chemistry (Göttingen 1874).
• May Sybil Leslie (1887–1937), British chemist, lecturer in Leeds, student of Marie Curie, explosives, dyes
• Chava Lifshitz (1936–2005), Prof. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, mass spectrometry, ions in gas phase
• Thisbe Lindhorst (* 1962), Prof. in Kiel, chemistry of carbohydrates and their function in biology
• Maria Lipp (1892–1966), Prof. in Aachen, organic chemistry
• Kathleen Lonsdale (1903–1971), pioneer of X-ray crystallography, demonstrated the planar-hexagonal benzene structure. Davy medal .
• Shannon Lucid (* 1943), PhD in biochemistry and NASA astronaut
• Martha L. Ludwig (1931–2006), Biochemistry, University of Michigan, crystal structure analysis of enzymes

M.

Marie Meurdrac: La Chymie des Dames 1687

• Pauline Beery Mack (1891–1974), American chemist and nutritionist, Prof. Pennsylvania State University
• Maria the Jewess , ancient alchemist
• Carolina Henriette MacGillavry (1904–1993), Dutch chemist and crystallographer, did her doctorate in Amsterdam in 1937 and became professor there in 1957, direct methods in X-ray crystallography, use of diffraction in crystallography
• Chulabhorn Mahidol , Thai princess and natural product chemist, professor in Bangkok, 2009 Adolf Windaus Medal
• Margaret Maltby (1860-1944), Physical. Chemistry, Columbia University (Barnard College), suffragette
• Ines Mandl (1917–2016), Austrian-American biochemist, Prof. Columbia University (Medical School)
• Jane Marcet (1769-1858), daughter of a wealthy Swiss banker in London (nee Haldimand), author of popular science books on chemistry, among other things (Conversations on Chemistry 1806), after she attended lectures by Humphry Davy . Married the Swiss doctor and chemistry professor at Guy's Hospital, Alexander Marcet, and formed a circle of people interested in science in London, including Mary Somerville
• Andrée Marquet (* 1934), French chemist, since 1978 professor at the University of Paris VI (laboratory for biomolecules), Knight of the Legion of Honor, member of the Academie des Science, organic chemistry, total synthesis of biotin, reaction mechanisms and mechanisms of enzymes, applications in pharmacy
• Rowena Green Matthews (* 1938), British-American biochemist, Prof. University of Michigan, Structure and Mechanism of Enzymes, William C. Rose Award .
• Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (* 1953), Indian biotechnology entrepreneur, master brewer and zoologist, founded the first biopharmaceutical company in India Biocon, a large manufacturer of insulin. Received the Othmer Gold Medal .
• Judith McKenzie , Geochemistry, Prof. at the ETH Zurich
• Grace Medes (1886–1967), American biochemist, University of Minnesota and Lankenau Hospital Research Institute, 1932 first description of the metabolic disease tyrosinemia .
• Maud Menten (1879–1960), Canadian biochemist, enzyme kinetics ( Michaelis-Menten theory )
• Marie Meurdrac (17th century), French chemist, friends with the Duchess of Guise, wrote La Chymie Charitable et Facile, en Faveur des Dames in 1666
• Maria-Elisabeth Michel-Beyerle (* 1935), professor for physical chemistry at the Technical University of Munich. Charge transfer in biological systems.
• Elizabeth C. Miller (1920–1987), Prof. Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, biochemistry, did research on carcinogens
• Nell I. Mondy (1921–2005), food chemistry, especially potatoes
• Elizabeth Monroe Boggs (1913–1996), physical chemistry, fundamental work with John G. Kirkwood
• Agnes Fay Morgan (1884–1968), American chemist and nutritionist, professor at Berkeley, especially vitamins

N

Ida Noddack

• Donna Nelson (* 1954), Organic Chemistry, Prof. Univ. Oklahoma, reactions of alkenes, carbon nanotubes, chemical consultant at Breaking Bad
• Dorothy Virginia Nightingale (1902–2000), Professor of Organic Chemistry University of Minnesota, Chemiluminescence of Organic Halides and Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
• Ida Noddack (1896–1978), nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, co-discoverer of rhenium
• Kyoko Nozaki (* 1964), professor in Tokyo, homogeneous catalysis, polymer chemistry, organometallic chemistry and organic boron compounds

P

• Petra Panak , Professor of Radiochemistry in Heidelberg, did her doctorate at the Technical University of Munich and then worked at the Research Center Dresden-Roßendorf and Lawrence Berkeley Lab, also heads a research group at KIT, on the board of the Society of German Chemists (2014)
• Mary Engle Pennington (1872–1952), American chemist and bacteriologist, worked for the Food Administration, a. a. Food refrigeration
• Marguerite Perey (1909–1975), assistant to Marie Curie, Discovery of Francium , first woman in Academie des Sciences
• Gertrude E. Perlmann (1912–1974), American biochemist (with Czech-Jewish roots). Prof. Rockefeller Institute New York
• Sigrid Peyerimhoff (* 1937), Theoretical Chemistry / Quantum Chemistry, Professor in Mainz and Bonn
• Barbara von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Neuburg (1559–1618), alchemist
• Beate Pfannemüller (1920–2008), polymer chemist, University of Freiburg im Breisgau
• Agnes Pockels (1862–1935), surface chemistry, also physicist
• Martina Pohl (* 1961), Prof. in Düsseldorf, genetically optimized enzymes as biocatalysts partly with Maria-Regina Kula
• Alberte Pullman (1920–2011), research director of the CNRS, in the 1950s with her husband Bernard Pullman pioneered the application of quantum chemistry in biochemistry, including the molecular causes of cancer

R.

• Simone Raatz (* 1962), chemist and politician
• Pauline Ramart (1880–1953), also Ramart-Lucas (née Lucas), professor of organic chemistry at the Sorbonne from 1935 until her death (interrupted by the occupation). Also politically active.
• Darshan Ranganathan (1941-2001), Indian organic chemist
• Sarah Ratner (1903–1999), American biochemist, New York University and Public Health Research Institute, made significant contributions to the urea cycle
• Margit Rätzsch (1934–2016), studied physicist. Physical chemistry, professor and temporarily rector at the TH Leuna-Merseburg. Member of the Academy of Sciences. of the GDR and holder of the August v. Kekulé medal
• Ingrid von Reyher (1908–2004), graduated in chemistry from the University of Vienna in 1933, first female teacher at the Mittweida engineering school
• Elsa Reichmanis (* 1953), 1975 at Syracuse Univ. PhD in organic chemistry, Prof. Georgia Institute of Technology, chemical engineer, microlithography for chip industry, Perkin Medal
• Renata Reisfeld (* 1930), Israeli chemist, solar concentrators and solar technology, professor at the Hebrew University
• Sara Jane Rhoads (1920–1993), American chemist (organic chemistry), professor at the University of Wyoming
• Ellen Swallow Richards (1842-1911), Environmental Hygiene
• Jane Richardson (born 1941), biochemist
• Geraldine L. Richmond (* 1953), Prof. at the Univ. of Oregon, Surface Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, National Medal of Science
• Carol V. Robinson (* 1956), Professor in Oxford, Davy Medal, Fellow of the Royal Society, mass spectrometry of large biological complexes, protein folding
• Gertrude Maude Robinson (1886–1954), married to Robert Robinson , chemist, she participated in the Piloty-Robinson pyrrole synthesis
• Elizabeth Rona (Erzsébet Róna) (1890–1981), Hungarian chemist and nuclear physicist, tracer methods
• Helga Rübsamen-Schaeff (* 1949), Prof. Biochemistry and Virology in Frankfurt, headed anti-virus research at Bayer

S.

Florence B. Seibert

Caterina Sforza

• Gabriele Sadowski (* 1964), Prof. in Dortmund, Thermodynamics of Polymers
• Margarita Salas Falgueras (* 1938), Spanish biochemist and molecular geneticist who developed a method for rapid DNA amplification
• Brigitte Sarry (1920–2017), Prof. TU Berlin, Organometallic Chemistry
• Monika Schäfer-Korting (* 1952), Pharmacology, Prof. FU Berlin
• Tanja Schirmeister (* 1963), professor in Mainz, pharmacologist and chemist, collaboration on the new edition of Beyer / Walter, Textbook of Organic Chemistry (2016).
• Melanie Schnell (* 1978), professor in Kiel, physical chemistry, rotational spectroscopy and astrochemistry
• Renée Schroeder (* 1953), Max-Perutz Laboratorien Wien, Biochemistry of RNA
• Anna Laura Segre (1938–2008), who did her PhD in physics (Laurea) in Milan in 1962, came to the group of Giulio Natta for macromolecular chemistry, NMR spectroscopy applied to polymers, especially the polymerization of olefins. She headed the NMR laboratory at the Institute for Chemical Methodology of the CNR in Montelibretti (Rome). She was also a professor at the La Sapienza University of Rome.
• Florence B. Seibert (1897–1991), American biochemist, developed the purified protein derivative for the tuberculin test (international standard of the WHO since 1952 )
• Lydia Sesemann (1845–1925), PhD in chemistry from the University of Zurich; first Finnish woman to do a PhD
• Caterina Sforza (1463–1509), Italian princess; she left a recipe book on medicine and cosmetics, pharmacy, and alchemy
• Helen Sharman (* 1963), British chemist and astronaut (first British woman in space)
• Patsy O'Connell Sherman (1930–2008), American chemist and discoverer of perfluorooctanesulfonate (Scotchgard) impregnation at 3M
• Anne Shymer (1879-1915), founder of a chemical company (disinfectants and bleaches), sank with the Lusitania
• Sofia Simmonds (1917–2007), American biochemist, wrote a standard work on biochemistry with her husband Joseph S. Fruton . She was a professor at Yale.
• Maxine Singer (* 1931), biochemistry, molecular biology, pioneering work on the genetic code, known for contributions to the ethics of genetic engineering, received the US National Medal of Science .
• Maria Skyllas-Kazacos (* 1951), Australian chemical engineer, professor at the University of New South Wales. She developed the vanadium redox accumulator .
• Christina Smolke , Stanford University. Chemical engineer who embarked on new synthetic routes with genetic engineering and biotechnology.
• Nicola Spaldin (* 1969), ETH Zurich, multiferroics , Körber Prize
• Anne Spang (* 1967), biochemistry, Prof. in Basel, intracellular transport
• Hertha Sponer (1895–1968), physicist (molecular spectroscopy), but also treated chemical problems, Prof. at Duke University
• Anne-Marie Staub (1914–2012), biochemistry, immunochemistry, pharmacology, Pasteur Institute Paris, involved in the development of the first antihistamines
• Joan A. Steitz (* 1941), Prof. in Yale, Biochemistry, RNA Splicing
• Lina Stern (1878–1968), Russian physiologist and biochemist, the first woman to be a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, professor at Lomonossow University in Moscow
• JoAnne Stubbe (* 1946), Prof. at MIT, biochemistry, ribonucleotide reductases a . a.
• Betty J. Sullivan (1902–1999), American biochemist, was President of Peavey Co. Flour Mills (now Gavilon ), Wheat Processing Biochemistry

T

• Esther Takeuchi (nee Sans), materials science, chemical engineer, Prof. Stony Brook, senior scientist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, for example batteries, holds over 150 US patents and thus holds a leading position as a woman in the USA.
• Bianca Tchoubar (1910–1990), French chemist (organic chemistry), received her doctorate from the Sorbonne in 1946 on organic reaction mechanisms, about which she also wrote a book published in 1960 and for whose modern understanding she was a pioneer in France. Research Director of the CNRS.
• Mária Telkes (1900–1995), Hungarian-American physicist and chemist, worked at MIT and in Texas, solar energy technology, National Inventors Hall of Fame
• Marie-Geneviève-Charlotte Thiroux d'Arconville (1720–1805), French writer and naturalist, essay on fermentation and putrefaction
• Kristina Tschulik (* 1984), analytical chemist at the Ruhr University Bochum

V

• Ann M. Valentine , Bioorganic Chemistry, Prof. in Yale, Chemical Pioneer Award
• Rebecca Vaughan († 1658), English alchemist from the circle of the early Rosicrucians, wife of Thomas Vaughan , with whom she carried out alchemical experiments, of which a joint laboratory book has been preserved (earliest safely attributable records by a chemist)
• Birgit Vennesland (1913–2001), Norwegian biochemist, Prof. Chicago and Max Planck Society in Berlin (where she brought Otto Warburg ). Photosynthesis, enzymes.
• Marthe Louise Vogt (1903–2003), neuropharmacologist, worked in Edinburgh and Cambridge
• Marjorie J. Vold (1913–1991), Prof. University of Southern California, conducted research in the field of colloid chemistry with her husband Robert D. Vold

W.

• Dorothea Juliana Wallich , 18th century, Saxon alchemist
• Winifred Watkins (1924–2003), biochemistry, Lister Institute and Prof. at Imperial College, blood group antigens
• Mary Elvira Weeks (1892–1975), eminent chemical historian, who also temporarily taught at the University of Kansas. Author of Discovery of the Elements (first 1934).
• Elizabeth K. Weisburger (1924–2019), American chemist (organic chemistry), research on carcinogens at the National Cancer Institute
• Edith Weyde (1901–1989), photo pioneer, quick copy process Copyrapid, important contributions to color photography
• Martha Annie Whiteley (1866–1956), English chemist, received her doctorate in 1902 from the Royal College of Science, later Imperial College London , and became a professor there. Started a multi-year campaign in 1904 to enlist women in the Chemical Society (which was not achieved until 1919 through general anti-discrimination laws in Britain). During the First World War, she investigated mustard gas. Author of a handbook of organic analysis and co-author of the Dictionary of Applied Chemistry.
• Peggy Annette Whitson (* 1960), biochemist (with part-time professorship), but full-time NASA astronaut (was the first woman to head the International Space Station ISS)
• Elsie Widdowson (1906–2000), English chemist, studied nutrition at Imperial College and Kings College London, author of the standard work The composition of food with R. McCance (1940). Her research with McCance formed the basis of food rationing regulations in England during World War II, and later also dealt with the feeding of babies. President of the British Nutrition Foundation, Fellow of the Royal Society (1976), Companion of Honor 1993.
• Stanislawa Witekowa (1913–1978), Prof. for General. Chemistry in Lodz, sonochemistry, chemistry at interfaces, complex chemistry, catalysts
• Gertrud Woker (1878–1968), first private lecturer for chemistry at a German-speaking university, associate professor in Bern, also known as a pacifist and women's rights activist
• Karen L. Wooley (* 1966), Synthetic Methods for Functional Polymers in Nanosciences, Prof. Texas A&M University
• Margarete von Wrangell (1877–1932), since 1923 professor at the Hohenheim Agricultural University and head of the Institute for Plant Nutrition. This made her the first full professor at a German university.
• Dorothy Wrinch (1894–1976), actually a mathematician and biologist, also dealt with chemistry

Y

Rosalyn Yalow

• Rosalyn Yalow (1921–2011), Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977, actually a physicist, developed radioimmunoassay
• Lesley Yellowlees (* 1953), Inorganic Chemistry, Prof. in Edinburgh, from 2012 first President of the Royal Society of Chemistry
• Ada Yonath (* 1939), structural chemistry, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009
• Tu Youyou (* 1930), pharmacologist, isolated anti-malarial drug artemisinin in China

Historians

• Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent (* 1949), French chemical historian (especially to Lavoisier), professor at the Sorbonne
• Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs (1930–1994), History of Alchemy, especially Isaac Newton , Sarton Medal
• Karin Figala (1938–2008), Prof. in Munich, history of alchemy, a. a. Newton
• Marie Boas Hall (1919–2009), 17th century, especially Robert Boyle , Sarton Medal
• Erika Hickel (* 1934), pharmacy historian
• Mary Jo Nye (* 1944), Prof. Oregon State University, history of chemistry, Sarton Medal
• Irene Strube (* 1929), chemical historian, Sudhoff Institute Leipzig
• Elisabeth Vaupel (* 1956), chemical historian at the research institute of the Deutsches Museum, a. o. Prof. in Stuttgart, u. a. Franco-German chemical history in the 19th century

See also

• Garvan Olin Medal , an American Chemical Society award for women chemists
• Agnes Fay Morgan Research Award

literature

• Jan Apotheker, Livia Sarkadi (Ed.), European women in chemistry , Wiley, VCH 2011
• Marelene Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey Rayner-Canham: Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-twentieth Century , Chemical Heritage Foundation, 2001

Web links

• Chemists - they existed and existed, pdf , brochure GDCh

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Women in Chemistry, Chemical Heritage Foundation ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ^ Windau's medal to Mahidol