Pteris

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Pteris
Pteris vittata

Pteris vittata

Systematics
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Hemlock Family (Pteridaceae)
Genre : Pteris
Scientific name
Pteris
L.

Pteris is a genus of plants inthe tree fern family (Pteridaceae). The approximately 250 to 300 species occur mainly in tropical and subtropical areas.

description

Illustration of Pteris aspericaulis
Underside of the leaf of Pteris cretica with the sori along the leaf margin
Illustration from Favorite flowers of garden and greenhouse by Pteris quadriaurita
Sporangia of Pteris vittata
Model of a sporangium of Pteris serrulata
Herbarium evidence of Pteris cretica

Pteris species are perennial herbaceous plants . They grow terrestrially or lithophytically . They form an upright, ascending or creeping, usually strong and branched rhizome , which is covered with scales and rarely forms support roots . The brown to black scales on the rhizomes are usually entire and elongated to almost lanceolate.

At the ends of the rhizomes, the fronds are arranged in tufts or close to each other, which are uniformly designed and up to 2 meters long, depending on the species. The furrowed on the top, green over straw-yellow and brownish-red to purple-black frond stalks are scaled at the base, but usually no longer have scales above. The simple or up to fourfold pinnate fronds are elongated to lanceolate to triangular and contain pairs of leaflets. The herbaceous to leathery leaflets are smooth, scaled or hairy and usually linear to elongated-lanceolate and have entire or back-curved edges. The leaflets can also have short leaf spines at their base . The conspicuous leaf veins are free and forked, or connected in various ways (anastomosing) and then form a network-like pattern.

The linearly shaped sori are on the leaf margin (marginal) or somewhat within (intramarginal). They are covered by a false indusium that is pale in color. The sporangia are long stalked. The four tetrahedrally arranged spores usually have a triple structure (Y mark, tetrad mark) at the upper end, or the upper end is rarely monolet. The brown to gray to black colored spores usually have a rough or warty surface.

The basic chromosome number is x = 29.

Systematics and distribution

Pteris adscensionis
Pteris biaurita
Pteris comans
Pteris cretica
Pteris denticulata
Pteris dispar
Pteris excelsa
Pteris fauriei
Pteris hillebrandii
Pteris irregularis
Pteris macilenta
Pteris marquesensis
Pteris multifida
Pteris nipponica
Pteris quadriaurita
Pteris ryukyuensis
Pteris saxatilis
Semipinnata pteris
Pteris serrulata
Habit of Pteris tremula
Pteris umbrosa
Pteris wallichiana

The genus Pteris was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, Page 1073. The type species is Pteris longifolia L.

Synonyms for Pteris L. are: Afropteris Alston , Anopteris Prantl ex Diels in Engler & Prantl , Campteria C.Presl , Hemipteris Rosenst. , Heterophlebium Fée , Lathyropteris Christ , Lemapteris Raf. , Litobrochia C.Presl , Peripteris Raf. , Phyllitis Raf. , Pteridium Raf. , Pterilis Raf. , Pycnodoria C.Presl and Schizostege Hillebr.

The Pteris species are mainly found in subtropical to tropical areas almost worldwide. It extends north to Japan and North America and south to New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. About 78 species occur in China, 35 of them only there. Most of the species found in China thrive in the southern to southwestern parts of the country. There are around eleven species in Australia, one of which is only there. There are around 26 species in Madagascar, nine of them only there.

There should be between 250 and 300 Pteris species (selection):

  • Pteris actiniopteroides Christ : It thrives in crevices in the tropical karst at altitudes of 600 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing , southeastern Gansu (only in Wen Xian ), northern Guangxi (in Luocheng , in Yishan ), Guizhou , northern Henan (only Huixian ), Hubei ( Yichang ), southern Shaanxi ( Xixiang only), Sichuan and Yunnan .
  • Pteris adscensionis Sw. : This endemic species has only been known from the central part of Ascension Island for the past 100 years.
  • Pteris albersii Hieron. : It occurs in Kenya and Tanzania .
  • Pteris albertiae Arbeláez : It occurs in Central America and Colombia .
  • Pteris altissima Poir. : It iswidespreadin the Neotropics .
  • Pteris amoena flower : It occurs in India , Myanmar , Indonesia , Taiwan , in southeastern Tibet (only Mêdog ) and in the Chinese provinces of Hainan (only Changjiang ), Yunnan ( Guangnan , Xishuangbanna ) and Zhejiang (only Cangnan ).
  • Pteris angustipinna Tagawa : This very rare species thrives on rocks in forests at altitudes of 2000 to 2600 meters only in Taiwan.
  • Pteris angustipinnula Ching & SHWu : This endemic thrives in forests in valley forests in southwest Guangxi only in Fusui and Longjin .
  • Pteris angustata (Fée) CVMorton : It occurs in Brazil .
  • Pteris arbelaeziana A.Rojas : It was first described in 2017 and occurs in Central America.
  • Pteris arisanensis Tagawa (Syn .: Pteris biaurita var. Intermittens C.Christensen , Pteris confusa T.G.Walker , Pteris vijaynagarensis Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi ): It occurs in Sri Lanka , India, Nepal, Myanmar , Thailand , Vietnam , Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong , Guangxi , southwest Guizhou (only Ceheng ), Hainan , Sichuan ( Dechang , Yanbian ) and Yunnan.
  • Pteris aspericaulis Wall. ex J.Agardh : There are about four varieties:
    • Pteris aspericaulis Wall. ex J.Agardh . var aspericaulis (Syn .: Pteris beddomei Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi , Pteris panigrahiana . Sarn Singh , Pteris roseolilacina Jerome , Pteris submiaoensis Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi , Pteris tibetica Ching , Pteris tirapensis Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi ): It occurs in northern India, in Bhutan , Nepal, Tibet ( Nielamu , Zayü ) and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi (only Bose ), Sichuan (only Shimian ) and Yunnan .
    • Pteris aspericaulis var. Cuspigera Ching (Syn .: Pteris shimianensis H.S.Kuang ): It thrives in forests in valleys at altitudes of 1900 to 2300 meters in Tibet ( Nielamu , Zayü ) and in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan (only Shimian ) and Yunnan (only Gongshan ).
    • Pteris aspericaulis var. Subindivisa (CBClarke) Ching ex SHWu (Syn .: Pteris subindivisa C.B.Clarke , Pteris quadriaurita var. Subindivisa (CBClarke) Beddome ): This common endemic occurs only in Gongshan in Yunnan.
    • Pteris aspericaulis var. Tricolor (Linden) T.Moore ex EJLowe (Syn .: Pteris tricolor Linden ): The original range is only Bhutan, Sikkim and the southeastern Yunnan (only Yingjiang ). It is used as an ornamental plant in tropical parks and gardens, as well as in rooms.
  • Pteris austrosinica (Ching) Ching : It thrives in dense forests in humid valleys at altitudes of 400 to 1000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong , Guangxi and Jiangxi .
  • Pteris bahamensis (J.Agardh) Fée : It occurs in Florida and the Bahamas .
  • Pteris bakeri C.Chr. : It occurs in Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia .
  • Pteris baksaensis Ching : This endemic thrives in forests only in Baisha in Hainan.
  • Pteris barkleyae (Hook.) Mett. ex Kuhn : This endemic occurs only in the Seychelles .
  • Pteris bella Tagawa (Syn .: Pteris wangiana Ching ): It occurs in southern Vietnam, northern and southern Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Hainan (only in Wuzhi Shan), Hunan (only Yizhang ) and Yunnan.
  • Pteris berteroana C. Agardh : It occurs in southern South America.
  • Pteris biaurita L. (Syn .: Pteris flavicaulis Hayata ): It is pantropically distributed.
  • Pteris boliviensis J.Prado & ARSm : It was first described from Bolivia in 2002.
  • Pteris brasiliensis Raddi : It occurs from Brazil to southern South America.
  • Pteris buchananii Baker ex Sim : It occurs in Ethiopia , Kenya, Malawi , Tanzania, Uganda , Zimbabwe and South Africa .
  • Pteris cadieri Christ : There have been about two varieties since 1990:
    • Pteris cadieri Christ var. Cadieri : It occurs in northern Vietnam, on the Ryūkyū Islands , in Taiwan and in the Chinese Fujian ( Minhou , Nanjing ), Guangdong , Guangxi and northeast to southeast Guizhou .
    • Pteris cadieri var. Hainanensis (Ching) SHWu (Syn .: Pteris hainanensis Ching ): This new combination took place in 1990. It grows in forests at altitudes of 300 to 700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong ( Gaoyao , Wengyuan ), Guangxi (Longjin, Yaoshan ) and Hainan ( Baoting , Ledong ).
  • Pteris caiyangheensis L.L.Deng : This endemic thrives in evergreen laurel forests and in monsoon forests at altitudes of 800 to 1000 meters only in Simao in Yunnan.
  • Pteris camerooniana Kuhn (Syn .: Pteris bonapartei C.Chr. , Pteris manniana Mett. Ex Kuhn ): It occurs in Africa and in Madagascar in the provinces of Antsiranana and Toamasina .
  • Pteris catoptera Kunze (Syn .: Pteris abyssinica Hieron. , Pteris biaurita Sim non L. , Pteris kameruniensis Hieron. ): It is distributed from tropical to southern Africa, Madagascar and the Comoros .
  • Pteris changjiangensis X.L.Zheng & FWXing : This endemic thrives on the soil surface and on rocks at altitudes of 400 to 800 meters only in Changjiang in Hainan.
  • Pteris comans G.Forst. : It occurs on islands in the South Pacific, in New Zealand and in the Australian states of southeastern Queensland , eastern New South Wales , southern Victoria , Tasmania (including King Island , Bass Strait).
  • Pteris confertinervia Ching : This endemic occurs only in Taibei , Taiwan.
  • Pteris crassiuscula Ching & CHWang : This endemic thrives in forests in valleys at altitudes of around 700 meters only in Baoting and in Diaoluo Shan in Hainan.
  • Pteris cretica L .: The at least two varieties occur in Central and Southern Europe , in Africa , Asia, Madagascar , Mexico , Guatemala , on Réunion and on the Pacific islands.
  • Pteris cryptogrammoides Ching : This endemic occurs only in Xiamen in Fujian.
  • Pteris dactylina Hook. : It occurs in northeastern India, in Nepal, Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou (only in Fanjing Shan), Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Pteris decrescens Christ : There are at least two varieties:
    • Pteris decrescens Christ var. Decrescens : It occurs in Vietnam, Cambodia Guangdong (only Yangchun ), Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
    • Pteris decrescens var. Parviloba (Christ) C.Christensen & Tardieu (Syn .: Pteris parviloba Christ ): It occurs only in northern Vietnam and in Daming Shan Guangxi.
  • Pteris deltodon Baker (Syn .: Pteris nana Christ , Pteris trifoliata Christ non Fée ): It occurs in Laos, Vietnam, on the Ryūkyū Islands, in Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Guangxi (only Longsheng ), Guizhou ( Anlong , Duyun , Pingtang ), Sichuan, Yunnan ( Guangnan , Maguan , Pingbian ) and Zhejiang.
  • Pteris dentata Forssk. (Syn .: Pteris arguta Aiton , Pteris ascensionensis Sw. , Pteris cordemoyi C.Chr. , Pteris elegans Sw. , Pteris elegans Jacq. , Pteris flabellata Thunb. , Pteris oligodictyon Baker , Pteris semiserrata Roxb. , Pteris serrulata Forssk. Non L . f. , Pteris straminea Cordem. , Pteris straminea Mett ex Baker. , Pteris dentata var. oligodycta (Baker) Tardieu , Pteris dentata subsp. flabellata Runemark (Thunb.) ): It is used in many parts of Africa, Madagascar and on some Islands in front.
  • Pteris dispar Kunze (Syn .: Pteris semipinnata var. Dispar (Kunze) Hook. & Baker , Pteris taiwaniana Masamune & Suzuki ): It is in Vietnam, Korea, Malaysia, in the Philippines, in Japan, Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces southern Anhui (only Qimen ), Chongqing , Fujian , Guangdong, Guangxi ( Lingui , Tengxian ), Guizhou, Henan, Hubei (only Jiugongshan ), Jiangsu (only Hunan southern Yixing ), Jiangxi , Sichuan ( Emei Shan, Luxian ) and Zhejiang common and may occur in Thailand.
  • Pteris dissitifolia Baker : It occurs in northern Vietnam, Laos and in the Chinese provinces of northern Guangdong, Hainan (only Baoting) and southern Yunnan ( Hekou , Xishuangbanna ).
  • Pteris elongatiloba Bonap. : The two varieties only occur in Madagascar in the provinces of Antananarivo , Mahajanga and Toliara .
  • Pteris ensiformis Burm. f. : There are at least four varieties:
    • Pteris ensiformis Burm. f. var. ensiformis (Syn .: Pteris crenata Swartz , Pteris stricta Poiret. ) It is from Sri Lanka to northern India, Cambodia, Laos , Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang, the Ryukyu Islands as far as Queensland , Fiji and Polynesia .
    • Pteris ensiformis var. Furcans Ching : This endemic thrives between rocks on slopes at altitudes of around 400 meters only in Chongqing .
    • Pteris ensiformis var. Merrillii (C.Christensen ex Ching) SHWu (Syn .: Pteris merrillii C.Christensen ex Ching ): It grows in forests in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan.
    • Pteris ensiformis var. Victoriae Baker : It occurs in Sri Lanka, in northern India, Myanmar, Malaysia and in Hainan ( Nanshanling , Sanya ).
  • Pteris esquirolii Christ : There have been about two varieties since 1990:
    • Pteris esquirolii Christ var. Esquirolii : It occurs in northern Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong ( Lechang , Ruyuan , Xinyi ), Guangxi (only Longjin ), Guizhou, Sichuan (only in Emei Shan).
    • Pteris esquirolii var. Muricatula (Ching) Ching & SHWu (Syn .: Pteris muricatula Ching )
  • Pteris fauriei Hieron. : There are about two varieties:
    • Pteris fauriei var. Chinensis Ching & SHWu (Syn .: Pteris bifurcata Ching ): It thrives in forests in valleys at altitudes of 300 to 700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, southern Guizhou and Hainan.
    • Pteris fauriei Hieron. var. fauriei (Syn .: Pteris fauriei var. minor Hieron. , Pteris guizhouensis Ching , Pteris linearis var. fauriei (Hieron.) C.Christensen & Tardieu , Pteris pseudoconfusa Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi ): It occurs in northern Vietnam, in Japan, Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, southern Hunan, Jiangxi, southeastern Yunnan and Zhejiang.
  • Pteris finotii Christ (Syn .: Pteris finotii var. Obtusa Tagawa ): It occurs in northern Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Hainan and southern Yunnan (Hekou, Xishuangbanna).
  • Pteris formosana Baker (Syn .: Pteris decurrentipinnulata Bonaparte , Pteris takeoi Hayata ): It occurs in Taiwan and on the Ryūkyū Islands.
  • Pteris friesii Hieron. (Syn .: Pteris catoptera var. Friesii (Hieron.) Verdc. , Pteris hildebrandtii Hieron. ): It occurs on the Mascarene Islands , Comoros, Seychelles , from tropical to southern Africa and in Madagascar in the provinces of Antananarivo and Toliara.
  • Pteris gallinopes Ching : It thrives in crevices in forests in the tropical Karst at altitudes of 800 to 1700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou ( Anshun , Duyun ), Hubei (only Hefeng ), Sichuan ( Baoxing , Emei Shan, Leshan ) and Yunnan.
  • Pteris grandifolia L .: It occurs on the Caribbean islands, in Florida and from Mexico via Guatemala to Panama , in Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil.
  • Pteris griseoviridis C.Chr. : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Fianarantsoa , Toamasina and Toliara and on the Comoros.
  • Pteris grevilleana Wall. ex J.Agardh : There are at least two varieties:
    • Pteris grevilleana Wall. ex J.Agardh var. grevilleana : It occurs in northern India, Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Ryūkyū Islands , in Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong ( Foshan , Gaoyao , Xuwen ), Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan (Hekou, Xishuangbanna).
    • Pteris grevilleana var. Ornata Alderwerelt : It occurs in northern India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong (only Gaoyao ) and Guangxi (only Wuming ). It is used as an ornamental plant.
  • Pteris guangdongensis Ching : This endemic thrives on rocks at altitudes of around 800 meters only in Guangdong ( Wengyuan , Yangchun , Yunfu ).
  • Pteris hamulosa (H.Christ) H.Christ : It is in Angola , Bioko, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Congo, the Ivory Coast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique , Nigeria , Pemba , Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda .
  • Pteris henryi Christ : It thrives in crevices in the tropical karst at altitudes of 400 to 2300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi ( Lengyun , Leye ), Guizhou, southwestern Henan (only Xichuan ), southern Shaanxi, Sichuan ( Chongqing , Leibo ) and Yunnan.
  • Pteris heteroclita Desv. (Syn .: Pteris melleri Baker , Pteris triplicata J. Agardh , Pteris heteroclita var. Melleri (Baker) Christ ): It occurs in Africa, Madagascar and the Comoros.
  • Pteris heteromorpha Fée (Syn .: Pteris cretica var. Heteromorpha (Fée) Beddome ): It occurs in Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines and southern Yunnan ( Jinghong , Simao ).
  • Pteris hexagona (L.) Proctor : It occurs on the Caribbean islands of Cuba , Hispaniola , Jamaica , Puerto Rico and Bermuda .
  • Pteris hirsutissima Ching : This endemic thrives in forests at altitudes of around 1400 meters in Mianning in Sichuan.
  • Pteris hivaoaensis Lorence & KRWood : It is only known from the type location on the island of Hiva Oa , which is one of the Marquesas Islands in the southern Pacific .
  • Pteris hui Ching : This endemic thrives in crevices in the tropical karst at altitudes of around 700 meters only in Fengshan in northwestern Guangxi.
  • Pteris humbertii C.Chr. : It occurs only at a few localities in Madagascar in the provinces of Fianarantsoa and Toliara.
  • Pteris inaequalis Baker (Syn .: Pteris inaequalis var. Simplicior Tagawa , Pteris sinensis Ching ): It occurs in India, Japan and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
  • Pteris incompleta Cav. (Syn .: Pteris palustris Poir. ): It occurs on the Spanish mainland and the Azores , Madeira and the Canaries .
  • Pteris intricata C.H.Wright (Syn .: Pteris adamii Tardieu ): It is widespread in tropical Africa and in Madagascar only in the province of Antananarivo .
  • Pteris insignis Mett. ex Kuhn (Syn .: Pteris indochinensis Christ , Pteris platysora Baker ): It occurs in Malaysia, Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan and southern Zhejiang.
  • Pteris kidoi Sa.Kurata : It occurs in Japan as well as Taiwan and maybe in Zhejiang.
  • Pteris kiuschiuensis Hieron. : There are about two varieties:
    • Pteris kiuschiuensis Hieron. var. centrochinensis Ching & SHWu : It was first described in 1983. It thrives near the banks of running waters at altitudes of 300 to 800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing , Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and southern Yunnan.
    • Pteris kiuschiuensis Hieron. var. kiuschiuensis : It occurs in Japan and in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and southern Yunnan.
  • Pteris kivuensis C.Chr. : It occurs in western Burundi , Rwanda and the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo .
  • Pteris lancaefolia J.Agardh : She comes to the Seychelles only in the province of Toamasina and in Madagascar.
  • Pteris lastii C.Chr. : It occurs in Madagascar only at two localities in the Antsiranana province.
  • Pteris laurea Desv. (Syn .: Pteris appendiculata Baker , Pteris curtisii C.Chr. ): In Madagascar it occurs only in the provinces of Fianarantsoa, ​​Toamasina and Toliara.
  • Pteris lellingeri A.R.Sm. & Prado : It wasfirst describedin 2004 from Bolivia .
  • Pteris liboensis P.S.Wang It thrives in forests at altitudes of 1000 meters only in Napo in Guangxi and in Libo Countyin southern Guizhou.
  • Pteris lidgatei (Baker) Christ : It occurs on the Hawaiian islands of Oʻahu , Maui and Molokaʻi . But it was last collected on Molokaʻi in 1912 and found again in 2008.
  • Pteris linearis Poir. (Syn .: Pteris nemoralis Willd. , Pteris normalis D.Don ): It is widespread in Asia, from West to East Africa, in Madagascar, on the Comoros and Mascarene Islands.
  • Pteris longifolia L .: It occurs in Florida, Mexico , Guatemala , Honduras , Belize and on the Caribbean islands.
  • Pteris longipes D.Don (Syn .: Pteris brevisora Baker , Pteris pellucens J.Agardh , Pteris Zollingeri Mett. Ex Miq. ): It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, in the central to southwest Taiwan , Indonesia, the Philippines and the Chinese provinces of western Guangxi (only Tianlin ), Hunan (only Tongdao ) and Yunnan ( Jingdong , Malipo , Simao ).
  • Pteris longipinna Hayata : It thrives in crevices at altitudes of 700 to 1500 meters only in Taiwan.
  • Pteris longipinnula Wall. ex J.Agardh : There are at least two varieties:
    • Pteris longipinnula var. Hirtula C.Christensen (Syn .: Pteris hekouensis Ching , Pteris hirtula (C.Christensen) CVMorton , Pteris subhirtula Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi ): It occurs in Myanmar, in southeastern Tibet and in southeastern Yunnan (only Hekou) in front.
    • Pteris longipinnula Wall. ex J.Agardh var. longipinnula (Syn .: Pteris umbraculifera Mett. ex Miq. ): It occurs in Hainan (only in Diaoluo Shan) and southern Yunnan (Hekou, Xishuangbanna).
  • Pteris maclurei Ching (Syn .: Pteris nakasimae Tagawa ): It occurs in southern Japan, northern Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian ( Jianou only), Guangdong ( Lechang , Meixian , Yingde ), Guangxi ( Xiangxian , Xingde , Yaoshan ), southern Hunan ( Jianghua , Jiangyong , Tongdao ), southern Jiangxi and maybe Zhejiang above.
  • Pteris maclurioides Ching : It is only found in Shixing in Guangdong and perhaps in Guangxi and northern Vietnam.
  • Pteris macrodon Baker : There is probably only one locality of this endemic in central Madagascar in the province of Antananarivo.
  • Pteris madagascarica J.Agardh : The two varieties occur in Madagascar in the provinces of Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa and Toamasina.
  • Pteris majestica Ching : It thrives in dense forests and in damp valleys at altitudes of around 2700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan (in Emei Shan and Ya'an ) and in southeastern Yunnan (in Jingdong and Wuliang Shan).
  • Pteris malipoensis Ching : It thrives in mixed forests at altitudes of 1200 to 1500 meters in Hunan (only Tongdao ) and in southeastern Yunnan (only Malipo ).
  • Pteris marquesensis Lorence & KRWood : It was first described in 2001. This endemic occurs on the two islands of Hiva Oa and Tahuata , which belong to the Marquesas in the southern Pacific.
  • Pteris menglaensis Ching : This endemic thrives in sparse forests at altitudes of around 700 meters only in Mengla in southern Yunnan.
  • Pteris mettenii Kuhn : It occurs on the Comoros and the Mascarene Islands and in northern Madagascar only in the Antsiranana province.
  • Pteris mildbraedii Hieron. : It is common in Benin , Bioko , Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo , the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Ivory Coast , Equatorial Guinea , Gabon , Ghana , Liberia , Nigeria , Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Sudan .
  • Pteris mkomaziensis Verdc. : It only occurs in Tanzania .
  • Pteris morii Masam. : This endemic thrives in dense forests in valleys at altitudes of 0 to 900 meters only in Hainan.
  • Pteris multifida Poir. ex Lam. (Syn .: Pteris serrulata L. f. Non Forsskål ): It is distributed in large parts of China, Taiwan, Japan including the Ryūkyū Islands, Thailand, South Korea and Vietnam and in the Philippines. For example, it isa neophyte in the Neotropics .
  • Pteris muricella Fée (Syn .: Pteris brevisora Baker , Pteris mollis Christ, Pteris pteridioides (Hook.) Ballard ,): It is widespread in tropical Africa and Madagascar.
  • Pteris nanlingensis R.H. Miao : This endemic occurs only in Ruyuan in Guangdong.
  • Pteris nipponica W.C. Shieh : It occurs in South Korea, Japan and central Taiwan.
  • Pteris obtusiloba Ching & SHWu : It thrives in forests and valleys at altitudes of around 500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hunan ( Lingxian , Yongshun ), southwest Jiangxi (only Chongyi ) and Zhejiang.
  • Pteris occidentalisinica Ching : This endemic thrives in forests at altitudes of around 2400 meters only in Laibo in southern Sichuan.
  • Pteris olivacea Ching : This endemic thrives in the undergrowth in valleys at altitudes of 1100 to 1300 meters only in Daweishan and in Pingbian in southeastern Yunnan.
  • Pteris oshimensis Hieron. : There are at least two varieties:
    • Pteris oshimensis Hieron. var. oshimensis (Syn .: Pteris omeiensis Ching ): It occurs in Japan, in northern Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing, Fujian (only Nanping ), Guangdong, Guangxi (Baise, Yangshuo ), Guizhou ( Pingtang , Zhenfeng ), Hunan , Jiangxi ( Dayu , Quannan , Yifeng ), Sichuan (only in Emei Shan).
    • Pteris oshimensis var. Paraemeiensis Ching : It thrives in forests at altitudes of 500 to 600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing, Guangxi (Baise only), Hunan ( Shimen only ) and Sichuan.
  • Pteris pacifica Hieron. : It occurs in Malesia , on islands of the South Pacific (including the Norfolk Islands) and in northeastern Queensland.
  • Pteris paleacea Roxb. : This endemic occurs only on the island of St. Helena .
  • Pteris paucipinnula X.Y.Wang & PSWang : It was first described in 2001. This endemic thrives in forested canyons only in Chishui in northern Guizhou.
  • Pteris plumbea Christ (Syn .: Pteris plumbea var. Sintenensis Masamune ): It is in Assam , Cambodia , Thailand, northern Vietnam, the Ryūkyū Islands, Philippines, Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Fujian (only Xianxialing ), Guangdong , Guangxi, Guizhou ( Dushan , Libo , Wanshan ), southern Hunan (only Yizhang ), southwestern Jiangsu (only Jiangning ), western Jiangxi ( Pingxiang ), Zhejiang ( Jinhua , Leqing ).
  • Pteris pseudopellucida Christ (Syn .: Pteris subsimplex Ching ): It occurs in northern Vietnam only in the province of Lao Cai and in southeastern Yunnan only in Hekou.
  • Pteris perrieriana C.Chr. : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Antsiranana and Fianarantsoa .
  • Pteris pseudolonchitis Bory : It occurs in Madagascar, the Comoros, Mascarene and Seychelles .
  • Pteris puberula Christ : It occurs in northern India, Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet (only Neilalmu ) and in Yunnan ( Dangbi , Dayao ).
  • Pteris quadriaurita Retz. : It occurs in Madagascar India, Sri Lanka, from Mexico to Colombia, in Venezuela and on the Caribbean islands.
  • Pteris quadristipitis X.Y.Wang & PSWang : It was first described in 2001. This endemic thrives in gallery forests at altitudes of around 400 meters only in Libo in southern Guizhou.
  • Pteris quinquefoliata (Copel.) Ching : This endemic thrives in the tropical karst only in Lianxian in northern Guangdong.
  • Pteris remotifolia Baker (Syn .: Pteris remotipinna Bonap. , Pteris remotifolia var. Scabra Bonap. ): It occurs in Madagascar and on the Mascarene Mountains .
  • Pteris ryukyuensis Tagawa : It occurs in Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines.
  • Pteris scabririgens Fraser-Jenk., SCVerma & TGWalker : It was first described in 2008. It occurs in northern India, Sikkim , Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet.
  • Pteris scabristipes Tagawa : It is only found in Taiwan.
  • Pteris semipinnata L .: It is found in Sri Lanka, northern India, Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines, Ryūkyū Islands, Borneo , Taiwan, Hong Kong and the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong, Guangxi, southern Guizhou ( Ceheng , Sandu ), Hunan, southern Jiangxi ( Anyuan , Xunwu ), Sichuan (only Leshan ) and southern Yunnan.
  • Pteris setulosocostulata Hayata It occurs in Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Guizhou (only Pu'an ), Sichuan (only in Emei Shan), southern and western Yunnan.
  • Pteris splendida Ching : There are two varieties:
    • Pteris splendida var. Longlinensis Ching & SHWu : It thrives in very shady forests at altitudes of around 1000 meters only in northwestern Guangxi (only in Longlin ) and Hunan (only Fenghuang ).
    • Pteris splendida Ching var. Splendida : It thrives in sparse forests above sandstone at altitudes of around 700 meters in the Chinese provinces of northwestern Guangxi (only Longlin), Guizhou and Hunan (Fenghuang, Tongdao ).
  • Pteris stenophylla Wall. ex Hook. & Grev. : It occurs in the Himalayas in southeastern Tibet, northern India, Bhutan and Nepal.
  • Pteris subquinata Wall. ex J.Agardh : It occurs in northern India, Bhutan, Nepal and southern Yunnan ( Menghai , Xishuangbanna).
  • Pteris tahuataensis Lorence & KRWood : It was first described in 2011. This endemic occurs only on the island of Tahuata , which belongs to the Marquesas in the southern Pacific.
  • Pteris taiwanensis Ching : This endemic thrives at altitudes of around 800 meters only in Wulai in Taiwan.
  • Pteris terminalis wall. ex J.Agardh (Syn .: Pteris excelsa Gaudichaud non Flower , Pteris excelsissima Hayata , Pteris inaequalis var. aequata (Miq.) Tagawa , Pteris kleiniana Christ , Pteris longipinnula Franchet & Savatier non Wall. ex J.Agardh , Pteris semipinnata var. aequata Miq. ): She is in northern India, Nepal, Pakistan , Laos , Vietnam, Malaysia, the Japanese islands of Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , in South Korea , in the Philippines, Fiji , Hawaii , Taiwan, Tibet ( Cuona , Zayü ) and in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing, Guangdong ( Lechang , Yingde ), Guangxi ( Guilin , Lingui , Xiuren ), Guizhou ( Yinjiang , Zunyi ), Hubei ( Badong ), Hunan ( Qianyang , Yongshun ), Jiangxi ( Lushan , Xiushui ), Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang are common.
  • Pteris trachyrachis (Bonap.) C.Chr. : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the Antsiranana province.
  • Pteris tremula R.Br. : It occurs in Australia (southern Northern Territory, eastern South Australia , Queensland, eastern New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory , Victoria and Tasmania), on the Norfolk Islands, Lord Howe Island, in New Zealand, on the Kermadec Islands and on Fiji -Islands before. She is a neophyte in eastern Maui.
  • Pteris tripartita Sw. (Syn .: Pteris marginata Bory , Pteris feliciennae F. Muell. ): It occurs in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka , in India, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, in the Philippines, in northeast Queensland, in Fiji Comoros, Seychelles and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi (Baise, Napo), Hainan (Lingshui only), Hunan (Shimen only) and maybe Taiwan.
  • Pteris usambarensis Hieron. : It occurs only in Kenya and Tanzania.
  • Pteris umbrosa R.Br. : It occurs only in the Australian states of eastern Queensland, eastern New South Wales and southeastern Victoria.
  • Pteris undulatipinna Ching : This endemic thrives in bamboo forests at altitudes of around 900 meters only in Mengla in southern Yunnan.
  • Pteris venezuelensis A.R.Sm. & Prado : It wasfirst describedin 2004 from Venezuela .
  • Pteris venusta Kunze (Syn .: Pteris matsudai Masamune ): It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal, northern Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Yunnan and perhaps in Gaoxiong in southwestern Taiwan.
  • Pteris viridissima Ching : It thrives on soils above limestone at altitudes of 600 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou (only Pingtang ), Hunan (only Shimen) and Yunnan.
  • Pteris vittata L. (Syn .: Pteris costata Bory ex Willd. , Pteris diversifolia Sw. , Pteris longifolia Sim ): It is native to southern Europe , Africa, Madagascar, Macaronesia , in tropical Asia, on islands in the western Indian Ocean, common in western Asia , China, Japan, Taiwan, Australia and the northern Mariana Islands . It is a neophyte on islands in the Pacific (for example the Hawaiian islands Lana'i and Moloka'i) and in the Caribbean, in North and South America.
  • Pteris wallichiana J. Agardh : There are at least three varieties:
    • Pteris wallichiana var. Obtusa S.H.Wu : It thrives in forests in the Chinese provinces of Jiangxi (only in Wugong Shan), Sichuan (only in Emei Shan) and in southern Yunnan.
    • Pteris wallichiana J. Agardh var. Wallichiana (Syn .: Pteris morrisonicola Hayata ): It is widespread in large parts of China, in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Japan and the Philippines.
    • Pteris wallichiana var. Yunnanensis (Christ) Ching & SHWu (Syn .: Pteris yunnanensis Christ , Pteris tomentella Handel-Mazzetti ): It occurs in northern India, in Nepal and in southern and western Yunnan.
  • Pteris warburgii Christ
  • Pteris websteri A.R.Sm. & Prado : It was first described in 2004. It occurs in Ecuador , Colombia and Bolivia.
  • Pteris woodwardioides Bory : It occurs in southern Madagascar only in the province of Mahajanga and on the Mascarene Mountains.
  • Pteris xiaoyingiae H.He & LBZhang : It thrives in the tropical karst on rock walls at the openings of dry caves in northern Guangxi and southern Guizhou (Libo only).
Illustration from Illustrierte Garten-Zeitung , Volume 5, 1861 from Pteris aspericaulis var. Tricolor

use

Some species (for example Pteris cretica , Pteris ensiformis , Pteris umbrosa , Pteris vittata , Pteris aspericaulis var. Tricolor ) and selected forms are used as ornamental plants in tropical parks and gardens and as indoor plants in rooms.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di Wenbo Liao, Ding Mingyan, Zhaohong Wu, Jefferson Prado & Michael G. Gilbert: Pteridaceae . Pteris. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Blechnaceae. Volume 2. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis July 20, 2013, Pteris , pp. 181 (English, Pteris - Online - this printed work is online with the same text).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Michael D. Windham: Pteridaceae . Pteris . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Volume 2. Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 , Pteris (English, Pteris - online - this work is online with the same text.).
  3. ↑ a b Pteris at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 6, 2015.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g KU Kramer, PM McCarthy: Pteris In: Flora of Australia Online . with texts from Flora of Australia , Volume 48, 1998, published by ABRS , © Commonwealth of Australia.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Pteris at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Search for "Pteris" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i "Vascular Plants of the Americas": Pteris at Tropicos.org. In: 83 . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  8. ↑ a b c d Species list for Pteris in the Red List of South African Plants
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g MA Hyde, BT Wursten, P. Ballings, M. Coates Palgrave, 2019: Flora of Malawi : Datasheet genus Pteris .
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g MA Hyde, BT Wursten, P. Ballings, M. Coates Palgrave, 2019: Flora of Zimbabwe : Datasheet genus Pteris .
  11. ↑ a b c d e f MA Hyde, BT Wursten, P. Ballings, M. Coates Palgrave, 2019: Flora of Sambia : Datasheet genus Pteris .
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g MA Hyde, BT Wursten, P. Ballings, M. Coates Palgrave, 2019: Flora of Mozambique : Datasheet genus Pteris .
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Pteris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  14. ↑ a b c d David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner, Kenneth R. Wood, Alan R. Smith: New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia . In: PhytoKeys . No. 4 , 2011, ISSN  1314-2003 , p. 5-51 , doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.4.1602 .
  15. ↑ a b c Alan R. Smith, Jefferson Prado: New species in Adiantum and Pteris (Pteridaceae) from the Andes . In: Smith2004 . tape 56 , no. 1 , 2004, ISSN  1938-436X , p. 82-88 .
  16. ↑ a b c pteris. In: Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. www.botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora, p. 105 , accessed on March 3, 2019 (English).
  17. ^ MA Hyde, BT Wursten, P. Ballings, M. Coates Palgrave, 2019: Flora of Botswana : Datasheet genus Pteris .
  18. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 719).

Web links

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