Ronneburg (Thuringia)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Ronneburg
Ronneburg (Thuringia)
Map of Germany, position of the city of Ronneburg highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 52 '  N , 12 ° 11'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Greiz
Height : 278 m above sea level NHN
Area : 19.13 km 2
Residents: 5011 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 262 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 07580
Area code : 036602
License plate : GRZ, ZR
Community key : 16 0 76 061
City structure: 4 districts

City administration address : 		Am Markt 1-2
07580 Ronneburg
Website : www.ronneburg.de
Mayoress : Krimhild Leutloff ( CDU )
Location of the city of Ronneburg in the district of Greiz
Auma-Weidatal Bad Köstritz Berga/Elster Bethenhausen Bocka Brahmenau Braunichswalde Caaschwitz Crimla Endschütz Gauern Greiz Großenstein Langenwetzendorf Harth-Pöllnitz Hartmannsdorf Hilbersdorf Hirschfeld Hohenleuben Weida Hundhaupten Kauern Korbußen Kraftsdorf Kühdorf Langenwetzendorf Langenwolschendorf Lederhose Linda Lindenkreuz Langenwetzendorf Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf Münchenbernsdorf Langenwetzendorf Paitzdorf Pölzig Reichstädt Ronneburg Rückersdorf Saara Weida Schwaara Schwarzbach Seelingstädt Weida Teichwitz Weida Weißendorf Langenwetzendorf Wünschendorf Zedlitz Zeulenroda-Triebes Thüringenmap
About this picture

Ronneburg is a small town in the Thuringian district of Greiz .

geography

Geographical location

Ronneburg is located east of the independent city of Gera at about 280  m above sea level. NN . In the eastern part of the city , the Gessenbach , a tributary of the White Elster, rises near the Raitzhain district .

geology

The present city area, especially the castle rock and the area of ​​the Siebenberge , was formed by earlier eruptions. Even today you can find isolated "stone roses" as testimony to history on the castle rock (diabase), but the largest exhibits were destroyed by a landslide in 2010.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are Großenstein , Hilbersdorf , Kauern , Korbußen , Paitzdorf and Rückersdorf in the district of Greiz, the city of Gera and Löbichau and Posterstein in the district of Altenburger Land .

City structure

The districts of Grobsdorf and Raitzhain belong to Ronneburg .

The former town and district of Schmirchau also belongs to the urban area .

history

Origin of the city name

The origin of today's name Ronneburg is controversial and has not yet been clearly clarified. One version says that the name of the city came from the location of the "Gesse", a small stream that flows along the castle. In the past, Ronneburg Castle was not a castle, but a castle. Since the water flowed along the castle, the saying "Castle on the Rinne" arose (with Rinne the brook was meant). From this gradually developed first Rinneburg and then today's Ronneburg . An alternative to this is that the name comes from the parts “Ronne” (“rona” - Middle High German for tree trunk, root or block) and -burg or -berg (from the word “bergen”, designation for something “protect” or “hide”) “) And thus describes an early palisade fortification from which the castle emerged.

City history

Ronneburg Castle, lithograph 1839
View over the Baderteich to the castle
View of the old town

Ronneburg was first mentioned in 1209 as the property of the Bailiffs von Weida , belonged to Plauen from 1244 and received city rights in 1304. In 1327 Heinrich von Reuss signed the Ronneburg Treaty, an alliance with other bailiffs against the Wettins . After the subsequent Vogtland War , Ronneburg became a Wettin fief .

In 1517 Ronneburg became the property of the Wildenfelser , enfeoffed by the Ernestines , after the Schmalkaldic War in 1548 it came first to the Electorate of Saxony and in 1554 to the Ernestines again. As a result of the inheritance divisions, it went to Saxe-Altenburg in 1603 , to Saxe-Gotha in 1672 , to Saxe-Eisenberg in 1680 , to Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg in 1707 and finally to the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg in 1826.

Ronneburg has almost two hundred years of tradition as a radium bath and health resort. In the 17th century "disruptive" mineral springs were initially found in mining . The springs labeled Urquelle , Rasenquelle , Schwefelquelle and Eulendorfer Quelle were taken around 1766 and diverted to the outskirts. A baroque spa complex with summer houses, esplanade and a park was built here around 1770. In the founding phase around 1767, the Princely Saxon Court Medic Georg Heinrich Königsdörfer wrote a treatise on the usefulness of a Ronneburg spa treatment. Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben was one of the satisfied visitors to the health resort . As a result of the increased mining activities, the mineral springs dried up and the health resort had lost its livelihood. The year 1953 marked the beginning of uranium ore mining by the SDAG Wismut .

The Ronneburger Schnallensturm of 1841, an uprising of the Ronneburg weavers against the increasing automation of their trade, is of certain regional, but also economic and social historical relevance . The reason was the attempt by Hennig & Volcker to use mechanical looms , which resulted in their being destroyed by the angry hand weavers. A song has been handed down from the Ronneburger Schnallensturm , the Ronneburger Schnallenlied :

You see on that hill
the old hut stand?
There are machines in there
should go by yourself.
We don't want them
who go by themselves
so we want to smash them,
We can freely confess that.
On the sixth evening,
in the cool month of March,
the beer was so refreshing
we all had hearts.
The clock struck half past eight
we were all there.
We lined up in a row
and what, oh what happened!
Now it went with ax and hammer
towards that hut.
Oh dear! Oh dear! What a pity
the good, beautiful 'machin'!
... Then you heard a crash,
a bravo too,
some had to laugh
but it annoys some too.
Reuster pointed cone heaps near Ronneburg (March 2004)

In the years of the Second World War , more than 100 women, young people and men from the countries occupied by Germany had to do forced labor at the Hering armaments company .

During the GDR era, uranium mining was the most important industry in the region. The city of Gera and the surrounding area owe him a not inconsiderable part of its growth. At times, eleven percent of the uranium mined worldwide was mined in Ronneburg.

In 1990 uranium mining was stopped. Flooding of the tunnels and recultivation of the opencast mines began. These recultivation measures were even an EXPO project in 2000. The characteristic of the landscape around Ronneburg were the four characteristic pointed cone heaps, the leveling of which began on June 5, 2004 and has been completed.

The aim of these recultivation measures was to rehabilitate the uranium ore mining landscape. The so-called New Landscape Ronneburg was created on part of the former mining area, which was part of the 2007 Federal Horticultural Show in 2007 together with the newly designed city park of Ronneburg . In this way, a belt of green spaces was created that extends from the center of the city of Gera to the center of Ronneburg.

Incorporations

On July 1, 1950, the previously independent communities of Grobsdorf, Naulitz and Schmirchau were incorporated. Naulitz was reclassified to the city of Gera on July 1, 1994 .

Population development

After the Second World War , the number of inhabitants rose sharply due to mining activities. The reason for the unusually sharp decline until 1990 was the expansion of the prefabricated housing estates in Gera, Schmölln and Altenburg.

Development of the population (from 1955 December 31) :

1831 to 1960

  • 1831: 04,476
  • 1890: 06,055
  • 1895: 06.195
  • 1933: 07,852
  • 1939: 07,620
  • 1946: 09.189 a
  • 1950: 08,909 b
  • 1955: 12,753
  • 1956: 13.185
  • 1960: 11,987

1964 to 2003

  • 1964: 12.079
  • 1970: 10.984
  • 1974: 10.116
  • 1994: 06,531
  • 1996: 06,386
  • 1998: 06.146
  • 2000: 05.924
  • 2001: 05,808
  • 2002: 05,748
  • 2003: 05,614

2004 to 2013

  • 2004: 5,577
  • 2005: 5,515
  • 2006: 5,410
  • 2007: 5,367
  • 2008: 5,270
  • 2009: 5,212
  • 2010: 5,134
  • 2011: 5,048
  • 2012: 4,902
  • 2013: 4,929

since 2014

  • 2014: 4,964
  • 2015: 4,989
  • 2016: 5,015
  • 2017: 4,994
  • 2018: 5,026
  • 2019: 5.011
Data source from 1994: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
a October 29 census results
b August 31 census result

politics

City council

The Ronneburg city council consisted of 20 members until 2014. After the election on May 25, 2014 , this number was reduced to 16, as the population of Ronneburg fell below 5000. For the local elections on May 26, 2019, there were again 20 seats to be filled.

Results of the local elections from 1994 to 2019
Distribution of seats in the Ronneburg City Council (share of votes in%)
fraction 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019
CDU 8 seats (38.6%) 8 seats (41.0%) 8 seats (36.0%) 7 seats (36.1%) 10 seats (60.6%) 12 seats (61.9%)
SPD 6 seats (29.5%) 5 seats (25.5%) 4 seats (18.3%) 4 seats (20.9%) 01 seat (7.6%) 0 0 -
FWG * 2 seats (11.4%) 2 seats 0(8.7%) 4 seats (19.7%) 4 seats (20.0%) 02 seats (12.0%) -
The left ** 3 seats (16.3%) 4 seats (19.8%) 4 seats (21.4%) 4 seats (16.6%) 02 seats (14.7%) 3 seats (14.3%)
FDP 1 seat (4.1%) 0 0 1 seat (5.1%) 0 0 0 seats 0(4.5%) 1 seat (6.6%) 0 0 01 seat (5.2%) 0 0 5 seats (23.8%)
voter turnout 70.9% 54.6% 51.5% 55.4% 52.8% 57.1%

* 1999 and 2004: FWG-R     ** up to 2004: PDS

mayor

From 1990 to 2012 Manfred Böhme was mayor of the city of Ronneburg. He was elected to the CDU for years, but left the party in 2011. During his tenure, he was criticized for the improper use of funds and the handling of the award of contracts. On July 1, 2012, Krimhild Leutloff (CDU) took over the office.

coat of arms

The Ronneburg coat of arms is dominated by the colors black and yellow. The lion in the upper part is taken from the coat of arms of the bailiffs of Weida, who owned large estates in the area for many centuries. The lower half shows a spindle that symbolizes the buckle storm (see above) and the textile industry in general. The miner's tool (mallet and iron) symbolizes the special importance of mining in the region. The city coat of arms was introduced by a council decision on November 5, 1981. Older versions are on the south and east sides of the town hall facade.

Town twinning

An official town twinning has existed with Hauteville-Lompnes in the French Jura since 2003 , with first contacts being made in August 1995.

An official friendship between cities was signed in 1991 by representatives from Münzenberg in Hesse and Ronneburg and in the same year between Ronnenberg in Lower Saxony and the Thuringian Ronneburg. There are also friendly relationships with Ronnenberg's city partners, Duclair in France and Swarzędz in Poland.

Culture and sights

The Ronneburg town hall
City Church
The wooden bridge Drachenschwanz over the Gessental in the new landscape of Ronneburg
The new castle in Ronneburg

Museums

In the front part of the castle is the city and school museum of the city of Ronneburg, which is run by the Heimatverein Ronneburg e. V. is looked after.

The "Mining Museum Ronneburg" is located in a building next to the bow tie hall, with a show mine in the basement of the building, which is dedicated to the history of uranium ore mining and the current landscape redesign.

The technical monument "Schacht407" of the former material shaft 407 is only about 2 km away from the show mine. Here you can visit the above-ground facilities, such as the machine house and the shaft building. Prior registration at the mine is required for a guided tour.

The museum of Wismut GmbH Objekt90 is located in the so-called New Barn next to the manor in the Neue Landschaft . This also shows the history of mining in the region in a modern way.

Buildings

Today's center of Ronneburg is characterized by old, medieval-style houses and former merchants' yards. Around the town hall, which in part dates from 1529, has an artistic open staircase, one house after the next. Among these, the Noack patrician house from 1736 and the probably oldest restaurant in Ronneburg, the Gambrinus , should be mentioned. The lower and upper market is adorned with council scales and a market fountain. Behind the market there is a second central square, the church square, with the late Gothic parish church of St. Marien from the 15th century and the parish vicarie with an elaborate half-timbered facade in Hildesheim style . The medieval city wall ran right on the edge of the square. Its ring-shaped course through the city can still be seen today. In addition to smaller wall openings such as the gate and the church gate, there were also two large city gates, the Upper (Steiner) and the Lower (Ratzener) Gate, which were demolished at the end of the 18th century. Even today, the locations of the gates can be easily recognized by memorial plaques and special paving of the street.

To the north of the old town is the building of the former citizens' school, today the Friedrich Schiller School . Numerous manufacturers' villas characterize the picture in Goethestrasse, Brunnenstrasse and Weidaer Strasse.

lock

The Ronneburg Castle is downhill on a steep rocky promontory to the west of Ronneburg. Numerous eras are represented in this building area, from Romanesque to historicism . Today's castle can be divided into a front and a rear part. The rear older part consists of the knight's hall, a new building based on history and some old cellar vaults. The hall is the last remnant of the old castle and is used today for city events and civil weddings. The front historicist building with a tower was built at the end of the 19th century as an apartment for the officials.

The most magnificent building with a rich stucco facade, the district court, was rebuilt around 1900 on the old foundation walls. The St. George's Chapel is located next to the courthouse. The former castle church (used until the Reformation in 1529) is today the oldest chapel in Ronneburg. The oldest part of the front area is the Romanesque archway, which is still used today as the only access to the castle.

Memorials

A memorial stone on Rudolf-Breitscheid-Platz with a portrait of Ernst Thälmann commemorates the victims of fascism .

Green spaces and recreation

The new landscape of Ronneburg borders the city to the west. It houses Europe's longest tensioning strap bridge, Drachenschwanz, over the Gessental, as well as the discovery tower and the discovery tower . On the edge of the New Landscape there is a manor with a rose garden. The former spa facilities and the spa park (fountain wood) are located south of the old town in Brunnenstrasse.

A plane tree stands out at the train station: the trunk, which is several hundred years old, was filled in during the construction of the railway line. The tree as it can be seen today only represents the top of the tree.

Regular events

During the course of each year, various festivals are celebrated, including for example the old town festival, the fountain festival with fountain fairy (each in Ronneburg Castle) or the pyramid festival in the bow tie hall, at the center of which is a large Christmas pyramid with a height of 6.5 m and a weight of 2.5 t and an impeller diameter of 3.25 m. The special features of this wooden structure are the hand-carved figures donated by the citizens of Ronneburg and the dome, which is modeled on that of the town hall. In a vote by MDR television in December 2010 , the step pyramid in Ronneburg was voted "Germany's most popular Christmas pyramid". The event represents the largest covered Christmas market in Thuringia.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

View from the castle to the new railway bridge

Ronneburg is connected to the federal motorway 4 , which runs north of the city , via the Ronneburg and Gera-Leumnitz junctions . The federal road 7 from Gera to Altenburg also runs through the city . Other roads are the L 1081 to the Saxony-Anhalt border near Beiersdorf and the B 175 near Chursdorf (community of Seelingstädt ) and the Greizer K 115 to Gera-Kaimberg .

Ronneburg has a train station on the Gößnitz – Gera railway line , on which regional express trains on the Göttingen – Glauchau and Erfurt – Gera – Altenburg routes alternate every hour. In 2006 the station building was demolished and the railway facilities were simplified. In 2009, the listed railway bridge over Brunnenstrasse had to be demolished in favor of a new building, whereby the historic bridge piers were preserved. The urban area is affected by the bismuth works railway, which is used by sand trains .

Established businesses

The intensive development of the mechanical weaving mill began in 1863 and car wheels were produced from 1910.

A department of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR) was set up on the Clad site in Bahnhofstrasse in 1944 and 1945. The increasing air raids on the Reich capital made it necessary to move to Weida from 1943 onwards , but due to the lack of space there, Department V for atomic physics and physical chemistry was housed in Ronneburg. This department was responsible for the Reichsradiumreserve , which was created at the beginning of the war. The Reichsradiumreserve comprised an amount of 21.8 grams and was worth 3 million Reichsmarks . It was hidden in a tunnel in Brunnenstrasse, the remains of which are still visible today.

The neighboring commercial area Korbußen on the federal highway 4 is an important business location for Ronneburg and the region around Gera . Further commercial areas have been identified on the B 7 in the direction of Gera and on Beerwalder Weg near Raitzhain.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Spa guests

literature

  • R. Dorbencker: From the past of the city and care of Ronneburg. put together for school and home . Brandes, Ronneburg 1899 ( digitized version )
  • W. Henry Gilbert. The health resort of Ronneburg . Braumüller's bathing library, Vol. 104, Braumüller, Vienna / Leipzig 1893 ( digitized version )
  • Hans Joachim Kessler: Healing water and bubbling springs. Encounters with historical baths in Thuringia . Ed .: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen. E. Reinhold Verlag, Altenburg 2001, ISBN 3-910166-44-X , (Ronneburg) .. vom Radiumbad
  • Matthaeo (Matthias) Seutter: Die Ämter Altenburg and Ronneburg 1757 , historical map: Praetecturae Altenburgensis et Ronneburgensis earumque vicinia serenissimo duci saxo gothano, Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, Reprint 1757/1999, ISBN 3-932554-57-4 , p. 21-23 .
  • Winfried Pickart: Federal Garden Show 2007 Gera and Ronneburg - A region is changing. Verlag Winfried Pickart, 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-021282-6 .

Web links

Commons : Ronneburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Ronneburg (Thuringia)  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ a b c Manfred Bensing, Karlheinz Blaschke, Karl Czok, Gerhard Kehrer, Heinz Machatscheck: Lexicon cities and coats of arms of the GDR . Ed .: Heinz Göschel. 2. rework. and exp. Edition. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig July 1984, p. 382 .
  3. ↑ The Eulenhofer source with an illustration of the "original source" on www.ronneburg.de
  4. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933–1945, series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser Volume 8 Thüringen, Erfurt 2003, p. 118 , ISBN 3-88864-343-0
  5. ^ Map of the Thuringian State Agency for the Environment, PDF
  6. ↑ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: 2019 municipal council elections in Thuringia - final result for Ronneburg , accessed on June 3, 2020
  7. ↑ Katja Schmidtke: Amazed and disappointed: Ronneburg mayor resigns from the CDU. Ostthüringer Zeitung, March 5, 2011, accessed on September 9, 2012 .
  8. ^ Mining Association Ronneburg ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Johann August Ritter von Eisenhart:  Spitz, Felix . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 216 f.