Trance (music)

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Trance (music)

Development phase: until the early 1990s
Place of origin: Europe , North America
Stylistic precursors
Acid HouseAmbientBerlin SchoolChicago HouseDeep HouseDetroit TechnoEBMElectro FunkElectropopEuro DiscoIndustrialItalo DiscoHi-NRGNew BeatSynth-PopTechno
Instruments typical of the genre
SynthesizerDrum computerSequencerSamplerMusic workstationMusic software
Subgenres
Acid TranceBalearic TranceDeep TranceDream HouseHard TrancePizzicato TranceProgressive TrancePsytranceTech TranceUplifting Trance

Trance ( Engl. : Tɹæns ; lat . Transire , go over, passing) is an electronic music category , which until the early 1990s has shaped and years after the harmonically appropriate chords and melodies directed. What is meant here are in particular long soothing and atmospheric carpets of sound. In principle, trance is closely related to ambient , but mostly more rhythm-oriented and danceable. The tempo range is usually 128–140 beats per minute .

music

The basic rhythm is in four-quarter time , each quarter is usually emphasized by a bass drum . Additional elements are hi-hats (off-beat) and snares / handclaps (mostly on beats 2 and 4). In contrast to techno, trance productions follow harmony . In doing so, minor key tones are used, sometimes only fifths and octaves . The harmony scheme is rather simply structured; Extensions such as fourths , sixths , seventh or ninths are also used, but quickly resolved and not left as dissonances or continued. The harmonies typically consist of supporting synthesizer chords (often as arpeggios ) and higher melody sequences . The synthesizer waveform SuperSaw is particularly important in trance music . The harmony sequences are repeated over and over again, creating a monotonous sphere into which the listener can let himself fall ( trance ). Today the harmony sequences, sequences, spheres or the effects are no longer just in a loop (repeating piece of music), but vary over the course of the song. Thus, the course of tension and the emotional interpretation also vary. In the 1990s, the Roland TB-303 was also often used for bass lines , mainly for acid techno . In contrast to acid house and techno , trance is much more melodic and impresses with its diverse effects, sounds from the most varied of musical styles and, above all, with spheres.

Style-typical pieces from the field of trance

history

Trance emerged over a number of decades from various musical styles, including synth-pop , hi-NRG , ambient , ( acid ) house and ( acid ) techno . Due to this complex composition, it is difficult to name the first trance production, but it can be said that the music as a category was formed until the early 1990s.

prolog

Trance (Latin: transire over, to cross) appeared as a term in music for the first time in jazz , in music titles such as Lou Gold & His Orchestra - Dancing In A Trance (1930) or Korla Pandit - Trance Dance (1954) .

The first electronic pieces of music appeared thanks to the synthesizer or electronic musical instrument such as the theremin in the 1940s and 1950s, based on the works of, for example, Pierre Schaeffer , Herbert Eimert or Else Marie Pade . It was only through the commitment of the pioneers mentioned that the prerequisites for the stylistic trance precursors such as synth pop or electro pop were created. The instrumental piece Pop Corn (1969) belongs to the early synth-pop era.

Examples of early electronic music pieces :

Musical roots (1970s)

The roots of trance music can be traced back to the 1970s, to the works of the German electronic band Kraftwerk such as Autobahn (1974) or Trans Europe Express (1977) and the Italian pioneer Giorgio Moroder , especially recognizable in his 8-minute version of I Feel Love from 1977. Since trance is closely related to Ambient or the Berlin School , the German pioneers Klaus Schulze and Can should also be emphasized, who created atmospheric sound carpets in their electronic compositions, which in turn are characteristic of trance. Eberhard Schoener also released his electronic rock album Trance-Formation in 1977 , which includes the single Trance-Formation of the same name and Falling In Trance . Eberhard analyzes himself somewhat dreamily: "This music describes my very personal, subjective experiences and feelings from my frequent trips to Southeast Asia, especially an expedition through Nepal to the Tibetan border. (...) This music has to do with trance."

Subsequently, trance elements can be traced back in the following pieces of music or can even be defined as trance:

Development phase (1980s)

The term trance was used more and more frequently in music and was found in the album titles by Klaus Schulze Trancefer (1981) and En = Trance (1988). Finally, the British music group The KLF released their pieces of music in the late 1980s as "Pure Trance", including What Time is Love (1988), Kylie Said Trance (1989) and Last Train to Trancentral (1989), which was acid techno at the time and House added.

The following pieces of music can be subsequently defined as trance:

  • 1980: Kano - Cosmic Voyager
  • 1981: Laser - Laser
  • 1981: Monsoon - Ever So Lonely
  • 1982: Thanya - Freedom
  • 1987: Hypnosis - Automatic Piano
  • 1988: The KLF - What Time Is Love?
  • 1989: Psycho Team - Psycho
  • 1989: Illegal City - Hypnotize
  • 1989: Venus 1999 - Do know yourself

Enforcement (early 1990s)

Trance then developed and established itself as a musical style at the beginning of the 1990s, especially in Germany . Led by the Berlin label MFS with producers like Paul van Dyk , Cosmic Baby and Mijk van Dijk as well as through Frankfurt, where DJ Dag , techno club founder Talla 2XLC and the label Eye Q Records , around Sven Väth with Ralf Hildenbag , Stevie B- Zet and AC Boutsen , are among the most important representatives.

Selection of well-known pieces of music from this time:

International heyday (mid 1990s)

Some chart successes were achieved within the German-speaking area , such as Robert Miles - Children (1995) or BBE - Seven Days And One Week (1996). In contrast, Great Britain emerged as the core of the scene. British DJs like Sasha , John Digweed and above all Paul Oakenfold brought trance to the English clubs, but also to New York and Ibiza. Paul Oakenfold is emblematic of this with his re-release Not Over Yet (from 1993), where his production landed at number 6 in the UK singles chart and even at the top of the US Dance Club Songs and Israel Singles Charts .

From 1997 onwards, Dutch trance created its own ( uplifting ) trance culture by personalities such as Tiësto , Armin van Buuren and Ferry Corsten (also known as Veracocha or System F ). By the end of the 1990s, hardcore techno and gabber had been replaced in the Netherlands by Dutch trance as the most popular direction in electronic dance music.

In 1998 Paul van Dyk achieved his international breakthrough with his single For an Angel from the new edition of his first album 45 RPM (1994). The title was number one on the British dance charts for two weeks and number one on the German dance charts for four weeks . There were also placements in the US, Australian, Dutch, Belgian and Scandinavian charts. In the same year Andre Tanneberger released his first solo single 9 PM (Till I Come) under the abbreviation atb , which reached number one in the British and number 14 in the German single charts and platinum status in Denmark, Australia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Gold awards followed in South Africa, Italy and Norway. In 1999 he repeated the platinum status in Denmark and Sweden with Don't Stop .

Selection of well-known pieces of music from this time:

Dominance in Electronic Dance Music (2000s)

While Tiësto celebrated its international breakthrough thanks to his remix of Delerium's Silence (including number three on the Billboard charts ) and reached gold status in the Dutch album charts in 2001 with his album In My Memory , another Dutch artist set a historic milestone this genre.

On May 18, 2001, Armin van Buuren went on air for the first time with his radio show A State Of Trance , in which he presented the latest trance tracks in a two-hour set. Initially on the Dutch radio station ID&T Radio , it grew over the years with 100 FM radio stations and an estimated 38 million listeners to become the multi-award-winning “Best Mix Radio Show” in the world. From a historical point of view, Armin van Buuren shaped the genre and electronic music in general in almost all areas. His label Armada Music , founded in 2003, now includes over 30 sub-labels and offers a platform for new artists.

Trance DJs at DJ MAG (1998 to 2010)
year 3rd place 2nd place 1st place
1998 Judge Jules Carl Cox Paul Oakenfold
1999 Sasha Carl Cox Paul Oakenfold
2000 John Digweed Paul Oakenfold Sasha
2001 Danny Tenaglia Sasha John Digweed
2002 John Digweed Sasha Tiësto
2003 Armin van Buuren Paul van Dyk Tiësto
2004 Armin van Buuren Paul van Dyk Tiësto
2005 Armin van Buuren Tiësto Paul van Dyk
2006 Tiësto Armin van Buuren Paul van Dyk
2007 John Digweed Tiësto Armin van Buuren
2008 Paul van Dyk Tiësto Armin van Buuren
2009 David Guetta Tiësto Armin van Buuren
2010 Tiësto David Guetta Armin van Buuren
All non-trance DJs are crossed out

Also in 2001, the British-Finnish trance project Above & Beyond attracted worldwide attention with the remix of Madonna's What It Feels Like For A Girl , which was also used for the official music video.

In 2002 Tiësto was voted the best DJ in the world for the first time by the readers of the British magazine DJ Mag and defended this title in the following years. In 2003, with Tiësto In Concert, he was the first DJ to put on records alone in a stadium ( GelreDome in Arnhem , Netherlands) in front of 25,000 spectators and surpassed this event on August 13, 2004 by invading the Summer Olympics in Athens who accompanied the athletes to the stadium. This is probably the biggest gig by a DJ to date, with millions of viewers around the world . Also in 2004, Queen Beatrix honored him for his services to the Dutch dance scene with the award of the Order of Orange-Nassau with the rank of officer. The honor is similar to the award of the Federal Cross of Merit in Germany. In the same year Above & Beyond won the Essential Mix of the Year award from BBC Radio 1 .

The popularity of the music was also reflected at the big festivals such as Nature One , Mayday and Trance Energy (sold out with 30,000 people annually from 2002 to 2009), where trance DJs were always performed as headliners.

Selection of well-known pieces of music from this time:

Present time (2010s)

In a long period from 2008 to 2012, trance was replaced as the most popular electronic dance music by EDM . Originally the EDM term unified all electronic music styles, it was formed by the American music industry as a separate musical direction. This is symbolized by David Guetta , who achieved a top 5 ranking at DJ MAG for the first time in 2008 , improved every year and finally landed a non-trance DJ at the top in 2011 (for the first time since 1997).

Well-known trance DJs such as Arty , W&W , Dash Berlin , Sander van Doorn and above all Tiësto and, to a lesser extent, Armin van Buuren or Ferry Corsten joined EDM. In contrast, trance artists such as Aly & Fila , John O'Callaghan and The Thrillseekers established themselves as pioneers of today's genre.

Selection of well-known pieces of music today:

Genres and styles of trance music

Trance has developed a number of sub-genres that have their own character, especially through overlap with other musical styles. Although one Uplifting Trance , Progressive Trance , Acid Trance , Hard Trance and Psy-Trance be described as the main and most important sub-genre of trance. The following should be mentioned individually:

Acid trance

Acid trance describes a cross between acid techno and trance, which partially overlaps with hard trance. This sub-form of techno was especially widespread in 1993 and 1994. Fast, sixteenth-note sequences of the Roland TB-303 were combined with soft and warm synthesizer surfaces, sometimes with melodies. The pace of acid trance can vary.

Already in 1994 Kai Franz released his first production under Tracid (composed of "Trance" and " Acid ") with Toxic Twins - Skyscraper (Tracid Mix) . He only became known in 1997, when his single Your Own Reality jumped to number 22 in the German single charts . Although the genre has existed for a number of years, it is considered a pioneer for this style of music.

Typical style representatives are: Acrid Abeyance , A * S * Y * S , Emmanuel Top , Kai Tracid , Simon Berry and Solar Quest .

Style-typical pieces:

Balearic trance

Balearic Trance has its origins in the Balearic Islands (mainly Ibiza ). It therefore also has similarities with Ibiza House (Balearic House). Balearic trance is a fairly calm trance and is typically around 128–130  BPM . He alludes to the beautiful weather there, the sea and beautiful sunsets. Typical characteristics of Balearic Trance are acoustic guitars, xylophones, percussion (drums), sea and animal sounds.

Typical artists:

Style-typical pieces:

Deep trance

Deep Trance is the slowed down form of Progressive Trance and can be found in the tempo range between 110 and 120 BPM . It is closely related to the downtempo .

Style-typical pieces:

  • 1995: Earth Nation - Elucidate
  • 2004: Way Out West - Everyday
  • 2005: Airwave - Space Beans
  • 2016: Slam Duck - Tonight
  • 2016: Vintage & Morelli feat. Arielle Maren - Sweet Surrender

Dream House

Dream House [ ˈdɹɪːmhaʊs ] (also Ibiza Trance ) is a relatively slow mixture of trance with elements from house and eurodance with concise melodies. The genre was very successful in the mid-1990s.

The “dreamy”, mostly melancholic melodies, which are underlaid by a danceable 4/4 beat, are characteristic of the Dream House. Only the relatively slow beat refers to House, the funkyness that is usually encountered is very much reduced in Dream House. The archetypal title of Dream House is Children by Robert Miles (1996) who started the wave. A year later at the latest, however, the whole hype was over again, although new titles in this genre are still appearing today. Related to the Dream House, but mostly harder and less “dreamy”, is the Pizzicato Trance .

Style-typical pieces:

Hard trance

Hard trance describes a "harder" and (often) faster subspecies of the trance music style with influences from hardcore techno and often also acid techno . The harder impression is created by a more dominant bassline and more aggressive melody elements as well as a different choice of tones (instruments) e.g. B. 303 Acid Lines (then partly closely related to Acid Trance) and more frequent use of distortion effects ( Hoover Sound ). Although harder sounds and mechanical rhythms are used in hard trance, hard trance, in contrast to progressive trance and tech trance, can be counted among the melody-oriented trance styles.

Hard Trance experienced its peak form in the years 1992 to 2002, so that some titles were not only successful in the clubs and at raves , but also in the sales charts. In its early days it was still around 145–160 BPM , but later the tempo range settled down to 140 beats per minute. Lately hard trance has merged more strongly with tech trance and gained popularity again with tracks like " Scot Project - W5 (Waiting For) " (from 2016).

Typical artists:

Style-typical pieces:

  • 1993: Lunatic Asylum - The Meltdown
  • 1993: Jones & Stephenson - The First Rebirth
  • 1993: Paragliders - Paraglide
  • 1994: Legend B - Lost in Love
  • 1995: Raver's Nature - Stop Scratchin '
  • 2000: DJ Scot Project - F (Future Is Now) (Hardriff Mix)
  • 2005: Cosmic Gate - The Drums (Back2Back Mix)
  • 2009: Gary D. - Halo
  • 2014: Matt Bowdidge - Sinister (Indecent Noise Hard Mix)

Pizzicato trance

Pizzicato -Trance [ pitːsiˈkaːto- ] is a commercial offshoot of trance music that was briefly successful in the late 1990s.

The main feature of the genre is the consistent use of the electronic pizzicato string sound, which is used both as a lead and rhythm "instrument". The structure of the tracks is usually very simple and underlain by a simple bass scheme. The first example was "Insomnia" by the British group Faithless in 1995. Another well-known piece of music of the style is "Komodo (Save a Soul)" by Mauro Picotto .

Style-typical pieces:

Progressive trance

Progressive trance stands for "progressive", "building up" trance. This means the typical, successive structure of the compositions, which usually extends over several minutes and is in stark contrast to the classic stanza-chorus structure that is often found in trance. The tempo range is 128–134 BPM . This type of music continues to characterize a certain degree of innovation . The tracks are mostly more minimalistic, but above all they are characterized by a finer elaboration and more detail. The tone selection is based on the harmony , but hardly conveys classical melodies as in "traditional" trance.

Typical artists:

Style-typical pieces:

In the Goa scene, the term “progressive psytrance” is also used for minimalist, progressively building psytrance with rather bouncing basslines and a significantly more minimalist arrangement and often flat or creaking sounds at 136–143 BPM .

Typical artists:

Psytrance

Psytrance is a further development of the Goatrance with more modern means of production, the bass kicks heavier and is more voluminous and rolling. Psytrance is based on fast sixteenth-note patterns. Faster psytrance is called Full On Psytrance or Full On for short. A distinction is also made between Morning Psychiatry, Uplifting Psychiatry, and Dark Psychiatry. Darkpsychedelictrance is very dark, hard and fast, it comes to 145–160 beats per minute . Progressive trance is used in the Goa scene for progressively structured, minimalist psytrance. The difference between fast progressive and psytrance is that the bass line of psytrance is more energetic and progressive never has a lot of melodies and soundtracks next to each other.

Tech trance

Tech trance is often confused with uplifting trance . Both genres usually move in the same narrow tempo range around 138–140 BPM . In contrast to uplifting , Tech Trance sounds harder, more percussive, more rhythmic, more electronic, more complex and less spherical. Its relationship to the often monotonous Techno directions such as Progressive Techno , Schranz or Detroit Techno is arguable. Tech-Trance lives less from melody lines and more from elaborate rhythm arrangements and sophisticated sound design. Tech trance is home to the clubs, at big raves and on the radio this style is almost never played.

Typical artists:

Style-typical pieces:

Uplifting trance

Uplifting trance is now commonly referred to as a trance in general. It includes further sub-categories such as Epic Trance , Orchestral Trance and Dutch Trance , which replaced hardcore techno and gabber in the Netherlands as the most popular direction in electronic dance music at the end of the 1990s . Characteristic features are a relatively complex, concise melody, energetic sounds and rolling basslines, and around 138–140  BPM . This form of trance is often kept in a traditional song structure, with pieces of this kind occasionally being composed explicitly as "hymns" for events.

Style-typical pieces:

  • 1998: System F - Out Of The Blue
  • 1999: Veracocha - Carte Blanche
  • 2003: Nu Nrg - Connective
  • 2005: Luminary - Amsterdam ( Super 8 & Tab Remix)
  • 2005: John O'Callaghan & Bryan Kearney - Exactly
  • 2011: Aly & Fila feat. Jwaydan - We Control The Sunlight
  • 2012: Paul van Dyk feat. Plumb - I Don't Deserve You (Giuseppe Ottaviani Remix)
  • 2015: Matt Darey feat. Kate Louise Smith - See The Sun (Dan Stone Rework)

Equipment

Standard DJ equipment

Different instruments are used again and again in trance productions. The models from the Japanese manufacturer Roland are particularly popular here.

The following devices keep appearing:

Major DJs, acts and producers

See also

Portal: Techno  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of Techno

Web links

Individual evidence

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