Bram (Aude)
| Bram | ||
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| region | Occitania | |
| Department | Aude | |
| Arrondissement | Carcassonne | |
| Canton | La Piège au Razès | |
| Community association | Piège Lauragais Malepère | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 15 ′ N , 2 ° 7 ′ E | |
| height | 119-165 m | |
| surface | 17.72 km 2 | |
| Residents | 3,204 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 181 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 11150 | |
| INSEE code | 11049 | |
 Bram - Église Saint-Julien et Sainte-Basilisse |
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Bram is a French commune with 3,204 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Aude department in the Occitania region of southern France .
location
Bram is located on a hill in the southeast of the Lauragais landscape , about 75 kilometers (driving distance) in a south-easterly direction from Toulouse and 16 kilometers from Castelnaudary . It is a good 20 kilometers to the east to Carcassonne . Bram has a motorway connection to the A 61 and a train station on the route between Bordeaux and Sète . The municipality is crossed by the Fresquel River and the parallel Canal du Midi .
,_Circulade.jpg)
history
The name of the community is probably derived from the Latin Eburomagus , one of the Romans around the year 60 BC. Founded settlement, of which it is not known whether it only spread in the valley areas in the area or whether it extended to the hill itself. Various small finds from the Gallo-Roman period (4th to 6th centuries) were also made in the vicinity of the village .
In the 12th century, the new Bram was built on a hill with a completely regular circular structure ( Circulade ) consisting of three streets with the adjacent houses and a central square in the middle, on which the town's church was soon built. There was only one city gate to the east; the whole complex thus had a clear defensive character. During this time most of the inhabitants of Bram turned to the Cathar faith ; as a result, the place came into the focus of the crusaders of the Albigensian crusade (1209-1229) and was captured in 1210 after a three-day siege by the troops of Simon de Montfort . While most of the residents returned to the bosom of the Roman Church and remained unpunished, he had 100 stubborn heretics cut off their nose and upper lip and tore out their eyes; He kept an eye on one of them so that he could lead the others to Lastours, a good 30 kilometers away , the next destination of the Crusaders.
Nothing is known about the time of the Hundred Years War (1347–1463) and the religious unrest of the 16th century. In any case, the city experienced its economic heyday in the 17th century - the Canal du Midi was built nearby and new houses were now also being built outside the wall.
Population development
| year | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2008 | 2017 |
| Residents | 2733 | 2643 | 2650 | 2899 | 2969 | 3156 | 3204 |
In the Middle Ages Bram was an important city with over 1000 inhabitants.
economy
As in most places in the Lauragais (also called Pays de la Cocagne = "land of plenty"), the cultivation, processing and trade of woad ( pastel ) played an important role in the economic life of the prosperous city in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. However, the cultivation of pastel was given up as early as the 18th century - it had gradually been displaced from the market by the new dye indigo , made from the indigo plant and mostly grown in the American colonies . Since then, the farmers in the Lauragais have had to eat grain ( wheat , corn , sunflowers ) and a little cattle-raising (sheep) again.
Attractions
- The most important attraction of Bram is the circular, closed medieval townscape, which can only be seen correctly on aerial photographs.
- The apse and the squat-looking bell tower of the Église Saint-Julien et Sainte-Basilisse on the north side of the church are ascribed to the late 13th century; both have been classified as Monument historique since 1932 . Large parts of the nave, however, only date from the 17th century; In the 19th century the church was extended by two bays to the west, so that the Gothic-looking rose window and the portal of the west facade no longer have anything to do with the original condition. Inside it is a single-nave church with side chapels and wide flying buttresses on which a wooden roof cladding rests; the late Gothic apse, on the other hand, is vaulted with ribs . The painting was added after the building was extended in the 19th century. The nave was recognized as a monument historique in 1987.
- A memorial plaque from 1632 attached to a private house commemorates the stay of Louis XIII. in Bram. It has also been registered as a Monument historique since 1930 .
- There are two small chapels ( Chapelle Notre-Dame de Miséricorde and Chapelle de l'Assomption ) in the neo-Gothic and neoclassical style of the 19th century.
- The Eburomagus Museum, located at the foot of the village, shows a large number of exhibits from antiquity and the Middle Ages.
- The Château de Lordat rises almost four kilometers (driving distance) north of Bram , a manor house from the 18th century with a geometrically landscaped garden in the French style.
- One kilometer further there is an estate that was formerly part of the castle and has a pigeon house ( pigeonnier ) from the 18th century.
See also
Web links
- Website of the municipality (French)
- Eburomagus - photos + information (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ Bram, Église Saint-Julien et Sainte-Basilisse in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ^ Bram, Église Saint-Julien et Sainte-Basilisse in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ^ Bram, Inscription commémorative in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)