Fanjeaux
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Fanjeaux Fanjaus |
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| region | Occitania | |
| Department | Aude | |
| Arrondissement | Carcassonne | |
| Canton | La Piège au Razès | |
| Community association | Piège Lauragais Malepère | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 11 ′ N , 2 ° 2 ′ E | |
| height | 155-395 m | |
| surface | 25.49 km 2 | |
| Residents | 834 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 33 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 11270 | |
| INSEE code | 11136 | |
 Fanjeaux - Prouille Monastery |
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Fanjeaux ( Occitan : Fanjaus ) is a southern French municipality with 834 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Aude department in the Occitania region .
location
Fanjeaux is located on a hill in the southeast of the Lauragais landscape , about 82 kilometers (driving distance) in a southeast direction from Toulouse . Castelnaudary is about 20 kilometers to the northwest . To Carcassonne it is about 19 kilometers to the east.
Population development
| year | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2008 | 2016 |
| Residents | 776 | 748 | 778 | 775 | 770 | 776 | 831 |
In the Middle Ages Fanjaux was an important town with around 3000 inhabitants. On the eve of the French Revolution , the place still had around 2000 inhabitants.
economy
As in most places in the Lauragais (also called Pays de la Cocagne = 'Land of plenty'), the cultivation, processing and trade of woad ( pastel ) played an important role in the economic life of the wealthy city in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. However, the cultivation of pastel was given up as early as the 18th century - it had gradually been displaced from the market by the new dye indigo, which is mainly obtained from the indigo plant grown in the American colonies . Since then, the farmers in the Lauragais have had to eat grain ( wheat , corn , sunflowers ) and a little cattle-raising (sheep) again.
Fanjeaux has a share in the Malepère wine region , which produces red and rosé wines with a protected designation of origin (AOC).
history
The name of the community is probably derived from the Latin term Fanum Jovis , which refers to Jupiter and thus to ancient origins. In the 12th century there was a fortified settlement ( castrum ) on the site of what would later become the city , the majority of which were residents of the Cathar faith . In 1193, Guilhabert de Castres , who later became the Cathar bishop of Toulouse, maintained an open house here for his fellow believers.
As a proponent of an intellectual and spiritual confrontation with the Katharerglauben the Spanish nobles founded Domingo de Guzman , who later became Holy. Dominic , who along with his bishop de Diego Acebo in southern France was on the way, in 1206, very near Fanjaux at Prouille be First monastery for converted Cathar women, which in 1283 housed over 160 pious women.
Fanjaux itself is - according to a legend handed down in slightly modified versions - the place of a miracle or a divine judgment: At the request of the Cathars present, Dominic should write his arguments against their belief on a piece of paper; He gave this to the Cathar people present who had discussed with him. It was thrown into the fire with the words: 'If your arguments are correct, the note will not burn' - it did not burn…. Thereupon they also wrote their arguments for the Cathar faith on a piece of paper and threw it into the same fire - twice it remained intact; the third time it flew high in the air and set a wooden beam of the roof stalls on fire…. It is not known whether the legend originated during Dominikus' lifetime. In any case, they were viewed as a disastrous sign of the all-setting and destructive power of the Cathar beliefs and sectarian beliefs in general. Dominikus stayed several times briefly in Fanjeaux, where a monastery was founded in the 14th century.
During the Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) Fanjeaux was temporarily (1209-1214) the headquarters of Simon de Montforts , the leader of the Crusader army . In the Hundred Years War (1347-1463) the place was destroyed by the troops of the 'Black Prince' Edward of Woodstock (1355). After the reconstruction it experienced its heyday in the late Middle Ages and in the early modern period through the cultivation of woad ( pastel ). The city protected its prosperity through a city fortification ( remparts ) with 14 towers and a moat in front. Four of the 14 towers were still there in 1821.
Attractions
- The Église Notre-Dame de l'Assomption. is the parish church of Fanjeaux and was - according to tradition - built in the late 13th century on the site of the former Jupiter shrine. It is a single-nave Gothic church with a wooden roof in the nave and six rib-vaulted side chapels and one - also rib-vaulted - apse . Inside the church the charred beam of the fire miracle is shown.
- In the 13th century, a cross was erected near the church, which originally stood on the site of the fire miracle. On one side it shows a hand blessing in the middle; the other side shows a Lamb of God ( Agnus Dei ).
- The building of the Dominican monastery ( Cloître des Dominicains ) goes back to a donation from the 14th century. Today's church, however, is a century younger; it has a single nave with a straight choir closure and side chapels. Only the west wing of the simple brick cloister is preserved; the former chapter house has been converted into a chapel. In one corner of the cloister are the ruins of the building in which the miracle of fire is said to have taken place.
- In the so-called Maison St-Dominique. the preacher is said to have lived in Fanjeaux during his repeated visits. It has a 13th century fireplace, which was later modified.
- To the south of the church - in the middle of the main square - there is a market hall ( hall ) from the 18th century, resting on wooden supports , which was also used at village festivals etc.
- The Le Seignadou. (= 'Sign of the cross') called vantage point offers beautiful views of the surrounding landscape.
- The Dominican convent Prouille , which was rebuilt in the 19th century (1857–1878) according to plans by the Dominican Lacordaire - after being completely destroyed during the revolutionary years - is about 2.5 kilometers to the northwest. The associated square gallery church was only built in 1886 in Romanesque-Byzantine style. About 30 nuns from the Dominicaines enseignantes du Saint Nom de Jésus order live in the monastery.
Notre-Dame church
Notre-Dame church - interior view
Market hall
Prouille Monastery - interior view
Personalities
- Pierre Roger de Cabaret († after 1229), knight, Faydit
- Guilhabert de Castres (around 1165 – around 1240), Cathar, Bishop of Toulouse
