Austrian national anthem

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Austrian national anthem
Alternative title Federal anthem of the Republic of Austria
country AustriaAustria Austria
Usage period Melody from October 22, 1946;
Text from February 25, 1947
text Paula Preradović
melody probably Johann Baptist Holzer
Sheet of music Sheet music on Wikimedia Commons
Audio files

The "national anthem of the Republic of Austria", in short: Austrian national anthem , is a national anthem from the melody of the " Federal song " and from the poem land of mountains (often called the land of the mountains, land on the river called).

The “Bundeslied” became a hymn melody on October 22, 1946 by a resolution of the Council of Ministers . The text written by Paula Preradović became - after changes agreed with the author - by a further decision of the government on February 25, 1947 the text of the hymn. As part of a cross-party legislative initiative running from July 2011, a federal law on the federal anthem of the Republic of Austria , announced on December 27, 2011, was passed on December 7, 2011 in a roll call in the National Council, which came into force on January 1, 2012 ( Federal Law Gazette I No. 127/2011 ). With this, the “gender-equitable change in the Austrian national anthem” was legally stipulated.

Like the flag of the Republic of Austria , the coat of arms of the Republic of Austria and the Austrian national emblems, the national anthem is a state symbol. Anyone who “despises them or otherwise disparages them ” is liable to prosecution under Section 248 of the Criminal Code for “disparaging the state and its symbols”.

Federal Hymns Act

On January 1, 2012, the federal law on the federal anthem of the Republic of Austria came into force, with which the federal anthem was legally established for the first time.

Basic data
Title: Federal anthem of the Republic of Austria
Long title: Federal law on the national anthem of the Republic of Austria.
Type: Federal law
Scope: Republic of Austria
Reference: BGBl. I No. 127/2011
Date of law: December 27, 2011
Effective date: January 1, 2012
Legal text: Federal anthem of the Republic of Austria in the RIS
Please note the note on the applicable legal version !

The National Council decided:
§ 1. The federal anthem of the Republic of Austria consists of three stanzas of the poem “Land der Berge” and the melody of the so-called federal song, both in the form of the annex that forms part of this law .
§ 2. The Federal Government is entrusted with the implementation of this federal law.
§ 3. This federal law comes into force on January 1st, 2012.

Melody of the "Bundeslied"

Nineteen days before his death, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart († December 5, 1791), a member of the Masonic Lodge " Zur Wohltkeit ", wrote  his last completed work with the Masonic Cantata ( KV 623). On November 14, 1792, the “ k. k. privil. Buchdrucker Joseph Hraschansky ”in Vienna,“ for the benefit of his widow and orphans ”, produced the score in two versions. Part of the total edition was the later very well-known "Chain Song" (KV 623a) with the text Let us with our hands looped . The title is based on the fact that the Freemasons ended their meetings by singing the song with their hands clasped as a sign of their community.

Since the 1960s at the latest, music researchers have questioned the attribution of the "chain song", known as the "federal song", to Mozart. According to the knowledge of leading musicologists, the federal song probably originates from "Claviermeister" Johann Baptist Holzer , a brother in the lodge of the Viennese Masonic lodge " To True Concord ".


<< \ new Voice = "melody" \ relative c '' {\ autoBeamOff% \ voiceOne \ language "deutsch" \ key f \ major \ time 3/4% \ override FirstVoice.DynamicText.direction = #UP c2 ^ \ f b4 a2 b8 [c] d2 c4 c8 [b] b4 r b2 a4 g2 a8 [b] c2 b4 b8 [a] a4 r h2 c4 d2 e4 f (d) h c2 r4 g2 ^ \ p a4 c (b) g a2 d8 [b] a4 gr g2 a4 c (b) g a2 d8 [b] a4 gr b2 ^ \ f a4 d2 c4 c8 [(b] a4) g a2 r4 d2 ^ \ ff c4 e2 f8 [c] c [ (b] a4) g f2 r4} \ new Lyrics \ lyricsto "melody" {Land of the mountains, land on the river, land of farms, land of domes, land of hammers - - mer, future - rich!  Heimat gros - ser \ set ignoreMelismata = ## t daughters and sons, \ unset ignoreMelismata people, gracious for the beautiful: much - loved - glorious Austria.  Well - known Austria.  } >>

Text versions of the national anthem

Current wording

Text and sheet music: Austrian national anthem.

(Changed passages to the wording until the end of 2011 in italics.)


(1) Land of the mountains, land on the river,
Land of fields, land of domes,
Land of hammers, promising!
Home of great daughters and sons ,
People, gifted for the beautiful,
famous Austria.
Well-known Austria.

(2) Hotly fought, wildly controversial,
you lie in the middle of the continent
like a strong heart.
Have since early ancestral days
high consignment load carried,
much tested Austria.
Well-tested Austria.

(3) Courageous in the new times,
free and believing see us walking,
Happy to work and hopeful.
Agree let in jubilation choirs ,
Fatherland, swear allegiance to you,
beloved Austria.
Beloved Austria.

Wording by December 31, 2011

Text and sheet music: Austrian national anthem (1947 to 2011).

(Changed passages to the wording from January 1, 2012 in italics.)


(1) Land of the mountains, land on the river,
Land of fields, land of domes,
Land of hammers, promising!
You are home to great sons,
People, gifted for the beautiful,
famous Austria.
Well-known Austria.

(2) Hotly fought, wildly controversial,
you lie in the middle of the continent
like a strong heart.
Have since early ancestral days
high consignment load carried,
much tested Austria.
Well-tested Austria.

(3) Courageous in the new times,
free and believing see us walking,
Happy to work and hopeful.
Let one in brother choirs,
Fatherland, swear allegiance to you,
beloved Austria.
Beloved Austria.

Original wording by Paula Preradović

The second Preradović stanza remained unaffected by the decision of the federal government in 1947 and by the “Federal Act on the Federal Hymn” on January 1, 2012.
(Changed passages to the wording until the end of 2011 in italics. Quoted from Peter Diem.)


(1) Land of Mountains. Land at the river,
Land of fields, hammers, domes,
Hard working and full of songs.
Great fathers free sons,
People, gifted for the beautiful,
Well-known Austria.

(2) Hotly wrapped, wildly controversial
Are you lying in the middle of the continent
Like a strong heart.
Have since early ancestral days
Heavy consignment load borne,
Well-tested Austria.

(3) But in the new times
See us walking with firm faith
Proud courage and hopeful.
Let in fraternal choirs,
Fatherland, swear allegiance to you,
Beloved Austria.

Slovenian wording

With regard to the Carinthian Slovenes , a Slovenian version of the third stanza was also written, which is sung as the official translation in Carinthia. The text is based on the version in German (valid until the end of 2011):


(3) Hrabro v novi čas stopimo,
prosto, verno, glej, hodimo;
upa polni, delavni.
Bratski zbor prisega hkrati,
domovini zvestobo dati.
Ljubljena nam Avstrija,
ljubljena nam Avstrija.

history

Former hymns of Austria

In the Habsburg Monarchy from 1797 to 1918, only in Cisleithanien since 1867 , the Haydn hymn (originally God preserve Franz the emperor , lastly God preserve, God protect ), according to the melody of which the German national anthem : Unity and Law and Freedom is sung today , the official anthem of Austria in various text versions.

During his time in Vienna (November 1834 to March 1835) Karl von Holtei had received the order from Prince Metternich to write a new text for the Austrian national anthem.

In the First Republic from 1920 to 1929 German Austria, du glorious land ( Renner - Kienzl anthem) was used as the unofficial national anthem; then until 1938 the text Be blessed without an end ( Kernstock anthem) was used for the Haydn melody . In the corporate state or austrofascism , the song of youth was sung with this on numerous occasions from 1936 onwards .

In the time of National Socialism after the "Anschluss" to the German Reich , the Deutschlandlied (Germany, Germany, above all) was used , mostly together with the Horst Wessel song (Raise the flag, close the ranks) . The Haydn melody was to be sung after the imperial era from 1929 to 1945, with changing text.

Introduction of the national anthem in 1946/47

At the instigation of the Education Minister Felix Hurdes , the Haydn anthem was no longer recorded in the Second Republic:

“After the rebuilding of Austria in 1945, the question of a new national anthem became topical. And again the old Haydn hymn was in the foreground in the search for a hymn that would symbolize Austria's identity . In the Council of Ministers, Education Minister Felix Hurdes stated: “Without a doubt ... every Austrian would consider the old Haydn hymn with a contemporary text to be the given Austrian hymn, considering that it is an old Austrian cultural asset. Unfortunately, however, the German Reich had seized this melody and for the oppressed peoples of Europe this melody had become so hated as the hymn of the National Socialist tyranny during the years of their suffering that playing the Haydn melody abroad would be perceived as a provocation. It is therefore impossible to reintroduce Haydn's melody as an Austrian hymn. ”“

After the end of the war in Vienna, when the new government was proclaimed in front of parliament, in the absence of a national anthem , the Blue Danube Waltz , which is still known today as the “secret national anthem ”, was played. At a gala concert of the Austrian Gymnastics and Sports Union in March 1946, the hymn “Rot-Weiß-Rot” by Anton Fuchs was premiered at the beginning and O du mein Österreich played at the end . At the festival academy for the opening of the US occupation broadcaster Rot-Weiß-Rot in October 1946, the “Austrian Overture” by Alois Melichar was played at the beginning and the Fiaker song by Gustav Pick and the Danube Waltz at the end.

On April 9, 1946, the Council of Ministers ( Federal Government Figl I , ÖVP - SPÖ - KPÖ coalition) decided "to create a new Austrian national anthem for the broadest public" and offered a prize money of 10,000 schillings at that time with a competition . The aim was to find a “hymn-like song that would be able to represent the new Austrian federal state and its people at home and abroad in a dignified manner, both lyrically and musically”. Only persons entitled to vote in the National Council election in 1945 were eligible to participate, i.e. not those who were excluded from voting as National Socialists in this election. To be sent in was “a complete hymn with, if possible, three text stanzas to the same melody, composed for piano and voice. At most, suitable texts or suitable melodies could also be sent in. ”The suggestions had to be sent to the art department in the Federal Ministry of Education , which was also appointed by the jury . A condition that turned out to be essential decades later (see “ Copyright dispute 2010 ”) was that “the author or authors assign all copyrights to the poetry or composition to the Austrian federal state”.

About 1,800 entries followed the competition. 29 of these made it onto the shortlist, which the jury had presented as a decision-making aid. In terms of melodies, the “Bundeslied” of the Masonic Cantata, which at that time was still attributed to Mozart , achieved the highest number of points. On October 22, 1946, the Council of Ministers decided to make the melody the future national anthem ( Austrian national anthem from 1947 , see below). The Wiener Zeitung wrote on October 23, on page 1 an editorial single column under the title Mozart's Bundeslied is new national anthem:

"... Then the Federal Minister for Education, Dr. Hurdes on the competition to create an Austrian anthem. The Council of Ministers decided on his motion to declare Mozart's federal song (brothers shake hands) the future national anthem. Since the texts submitted for this melody in the competition do not yet fully meet the requirements, well-known lyricists will be approached with a request for the text of this Mozart melody. The best submitted text will again be selected by the jury committee. "

Among the Austrian poets invited to write the text were Paula Grogger , Alexander Lernet-Holenia , Sigmund Guggenberger , at that time administrators of the ORF predecessor RAVAG , and Paula Preradović . She was originally not very pleased with the attendance because she was getting busy with a new novel at the time. At the express request of Hurdes, however, she accepted and sent her proposal " Land der Berge, Land am Strome " on December 17, 1946 . The jury shortlisted the texts by Guggenberger and Preradović, from which the Council of Ministers selected the latter on February 25, 1947 and elevated it to the “Austrian national anthem” with small changes:

“Before the beginning of the Council of Ministers, a small choir of the Vienna Boys' Choir appeared in the Federal Chancellery under the direction of Hofrat Schnitt, who gave the assembled government members the new Austrian national anthem based on the two texts by Paula Preradović and Dr. Sigmund Guggenberger lectured. The Council of Ministers decided to approve the text of the poet Paula Preradović as the official text of the new Austrian national anthem after making a few small textual changes. "

The so-called small textual changes were agreed on February 4, 1947, three weeks before the Council of Ministers decision, between the ministerial official Peter Lafite and the author Preradović in a personal conversation. They encompassed almost the entire first stanza, including the line with the sons, which decades later became a national discussion and amendment topic, and which was amended for the second time in 2011. Originally from "Land of Mountains, Land on the River, / Land of Fields, Hammers, Dome, / Hard-working and lieder-rich. / Great fathers free sons ”became“ land of mountains, land on the river, / land of fields, land of domes, / land of hammers, promising! / Home you are great sons ”. Almost the entire third stanza was also subjected to extensive changes: The author wrote “But in the new times / See us walking with firm faith, / Proud courage and hopeful. / Let in fraternal choirs “the version of“ Courageous in the new times, / Free and believing see us walk, / Proud courage and hopeful. / Let unity in brother choirs ”(the latter became cheering choirs in 2011 ). In a letter the day after that, Preradović expressed the wish to change the third line of the third stanza from “Proud courage and hopeful” to “ Happy to work and hopeful ”, which happened.

On March 7, 1947, the "Federal Anthem" was heard for the first time on the radio, two days later the text approved by the Council of Ministers was printed in the Wiener Zeitung and on July 1, 1947 in the "Ordinance Gazette for the Department of the Federal Ministry of Education" (born 1947) the heading "Text of the Austrian National Anthem by P. Preradović" was announced.

On July 4, 1949 “the Federal Minister of Education ordered the copy of the official edition of the Austrian national anthem published by the Austrian Federal Publishing House (consisting of piano sheet music with voice and text) personally handed over to him to be kept on file.” This so-called “official edition of the Austrian Federal anthem ”is headed:“ Austrian national anthem melody by WA Mozart. Text by Paula Preradović ”. The author received the amount of money offered in the competition.

1950s

Felix Hurdes made a move in 1951 to reintroduce the Haydn hymn. In response to a request from the National Council , he let it be known that he “will not falter to continue efforts to reintroduce the Haydn anthem in the future”. Hurdes justified this with the roots of the Haydn hymn in the consciousness of the population, the commitment of the recently deceased Karl Renner for the Haydn hymn and the concerns of the jury that the Haydn hymn had not been considered for a national anthem at all. In the end, however, the acceptance of the Preradović hymn, which has remained largely unchallenged to this day, was undoubtedly beneficial that the Federal Republic of Germany declared the Haydn hymn to be the German national anthem again in 1952 - although Austria initially even thought that Germany would use it in future treaty negotiations to forbid the Haydn anthem because it is an Austrian cultural asset.

Another advance against the Preradović and for the Haydn anthem in a text version to be determined in 1959, which was initiated by artists, found no support from the SPÖ and ÖVP .

1970s to 2010

First attempts to change

The demands to “feminize” the corresponding passage in the national anthem go back to women's groups in the 1970s and 1980s. The then women's minister Johanna Dohnal (SPÖ) took up the demands in 1992, but failed in her own party. Her party comrades are said to have answered the question “Is there anything more important?”.

Attempts by representatives of various non-governmental organizations and by artists to change the text of the national anthem so that it also includes women in gender-sensitive language were unsuccessful. For example, the Viennese artist Sandra Kreisler sang the version of the text line for the ORF program Thema on July 10, 1995 with “Heimat are you great daughters and sons”, as it was finally to become the official version of the national anthem a decade and a half later.

Legislative initiatives in the 1990s

Further attempts at the political level followed by the MPs of the Greens (parliamentary motion 1994) and the Liberal Forum (parliamentary motion 1997).

Tini Kainrath - "Federal Hymn Scandal" 2002 in the football stadium

The author and Wienerlied singer Helmut Emersberger , who formed the 1st Wiener Pawlatschen AG with the Rounder Girls singer Tini Kainrath and Doris Windhager from the Neuwirth Extremschrammeln , wrote the line of the national anthem "Home are you great sons" before April 2002 to “Big Daughters, Big Sons”. Friedrich Stickler , the then newly appointed President of the Austrian Football Association (ÖFB), had promised an attractive supporting program for his first international match between Austria and Cameroon and wanted to "Americanize" the opening ceremony before international matches with solo singing. After seeing a concert by the Rounder Girls , he commissioned their singer Tini Kainrath to sing the Austrian national anthem on April 17, 2002 in Vienna's Ernst Happel Stadium . With Kainrath's interpretation of the gender-fair text version of Emersberger in front of 32,000 football fans in the stadium and in front of more than a million people in front of the television sets, "[this version] passed the practical test in a curious way" ( Augustin , 03/2010). Although Kainrath sang the relevant line of text clearly audible, this was not noticed by the national coach at the time, Hans Krankl , who showed his respect with his right hand on his heart when playing the hymn in accordance with American custom , nor did the ÖFB officials. The next day, however, the ÖFB came under pressure from tons of protest calls and emails, and President Stickler publicly apologized to the audience in a press release:

“In the future we will make sure that the text of the hymn is followed exactly. We were not informed of this, we are sorry for the matter. "

- Friedrich Stickler : press release quoted from dieStandard.at , April 19, 2002.

On April 22nd, Tini Kainrath received a letter from the ÖFB with the wording:

"With reference to your idiosyncratic interpretation of the Austrian national anthem in the Ernst-Happel-Stadion, which took place without the knowledge and consent of the ÖFB, we would like to inform you that the ÖFB is very irritated by your approach and reserves the right to take legal action against you in the event that it should we are prosecuted because of your approach. "

- Austrian Football Association : Quoted from Augustin, issue 03/2010

In the days after the soccer game, the then Vienna City Councilor Renate Brauner (SPÖ) thanked Tini Kainrath for the action with a bouquet of flowers. According to Kainrath's account, she "only got positive or funny reactions from people on the street [...]."

Maria Rauch-Kallat's initiative 2005

In September 2005 the then Minister for Women Maria Rauch-Kallat (ÖVP) did not take up this suggestion, but started an initiative for a new, from her point of view gender-neutral text of the anthem. Instead of the text “Home are you great sons” it should now read “Home of great daughters, sons” and instead of “United in brother choirs, fatherland, swear allegiance to you” it should be changed to “United in happy choirs, home country, you Swear loyalty ”. The new version of the hymn should be completed by the Austrian national holiday in 2005. The initiative failed because of the rejection by the BZÖ , the coalition partner of the ÖVP in the government at the time, and because the high-circulation Kronen Zeitung took sides against a change. But the 2004 Nobel Prize in Literature, Elfriede Jelinek , also spoke out firmly against this proposed change to the hymn text, albeit for different reasons.

10 years after Sandra Kreisler, the Vienna Boys' Choir sang the text version "Home are you great daughters and sons" for the ORF report on September 27, 2005 .

Christina Stürmer - "Rock me Paula" 2010

In January 2010, Christina Stürmer presented a new interpretation of the national anthem (for text see " Rock me Paula "), which had been commissioned by Education Minister Claudia Schmied (SPÖ) for a campaign by the Ministry for " Education Reform for Austria". Subsequent discussions were less about the musical interpretation as a pop / rock song than about the change in the text “Home are you great sons” to “Home are you great sons and daughters”, which was also the subject of legal proceedings by all instances (see section “ Copyright dispute 2010 ”).

2011 - legislative initiatives up to federal law from 2012

July 2011 - 1st initiative application

At the instigation of Maria Rauch-Kallat, a joint initiative from the ÖVP women's spokeswoman Dorothea Schittenhelm and mandataries from the parliamentary clubs of the SPÖ, ÖVP and the Greens to change the national anthem was to be introduced in the last parliamentary session before the summer break on July 8, 2011 . Without prior consultation with the male colleagues of the political groups, the MEP Rauch-Kallat, who is leaving at this NR meeting, should introduce the request in her contribution to the debate. As the last person on the list of speakers, however, she was prevented from making an oral presentation by "endless speeches" by her own group colleagues. A federal law amending the Austrian national anthem was to be created with the application . Its essential content was to replace the previous line of text "Home are you great sons" with the phrase "Home of great daughters, sons" in Section 1. The statement of reasons for the application states (with reference to the fact that a ruling by the Constitutional Court considers such a text change to be permissible):

“In full knowledge and awareness that there are indeed more pressing issues in Austrian domestic politics, but also with the conviction that language shapes awareness like no other medium, the undersigned MPs ask the National Council to make a simple but gender-fair change to the Austrian national anthem to decide by replacing the two words 'are you' in the first stanza with the word 'daughters' […]. This does not require a change of the melody or a great deal of effort, but it certainly contributes to the fact that the Austrian national anthem not only commemorates the great sons of our country but also the great daughters who, like their male colleagues, have done great things for our country to have."

Political agreement

On July 13, 2011, the women's spokespersons Gisela Wurm (SPÖ), Dorothea Schittenhelm (ÖVP) and Judith Schwentner (Greens) announced the agreement of their parties to change the text. While the BZÖ promised support for the implementation, the FPÖ criticized the project as “gender slapstick”. The plan was to coordinate the exact wording of the amendment to the national anthem with experts in order to find a text version that would match the melody. It was proposed, as envisaged in the initiative request of July 8, that the line “Home are you great sons” should be replaced by “Home of great daughters, sons”. Dorothea Schittenhelm brought into the discussion at the time a change in "Home are you great daughters and great sons". The amendment proposal should be dealt with in the first reading in the plenary session of the National Council on September 21 and in the Constitutional Committee on October 6, so that the law can come into force at the beginning of 2012. In fact, the parliamentary discussion was postponed until October.

It was not until the National Council meeting on October 20 that the initiative motion from July was dealt with as the last item on the agenda in the first reading and then assigned to the constitutional committee. As can be seen in the stenographic minutes of the parliament, Stefan Petzner was the only speaker of the BZÖ to announce that his party rejected the request to change the national anthem - contrary to the promise made in July.

Criticism of the change efforts

Shortly after the political agreement on July 13, 2011 (see above), Science Minister Karlheinz Töchterle - himself a literary scholar - expressed concerns that “no one […] would have the right to intervene in a poetic text.” This is like “a sculpture remodeled ". He took seriously the concerns of women who felt discriminated against by the hymn, but asked whether a new text should not be found.

The writers Franz Schuh and Gerhard Ruiss suggested a public competition to design a completely new text. The linguist Franz Patocka from the Institute for German Studies at the University of Vienna pointed to an auditory problem when changing the line of text to “Home big daughters, sons” under discussion: In the end, one hears the compound daughtersons , with the male grandchildren born by the daughter are designated. (The term was often used in the past in connection with succession and history, after the Second World War it became increasingly rare, and from the 1970s onwards almost not at all.) Patocka criticized the change as "grammatically borderline and aesthetically anathema". The compound Töchtersöhne , with a new background, was mainly used as a catchphrase by opponents of a change and was also used by the FPÖ in September in the title of a parliamentary question. At the end of 2011 it was voted Austrian nonsense of the year.

In addition, the Thomas Sessler publishing house representing the Preradović heirs followed the criticism of Science Minister Töchterle in a broadcast and saw “currently no current need for action to change the gender of the Austrian national anthem”. The publisher was subject to the highest court in a copyright dispute against the Republic in 2010 because of a pop version commissioned by the Ministry of Education with a changed line of text. Nevertheless, the publishing director announced new copyright considerations for autumn 2011 and demanded that "the publisher be involved in discussions regarding changes and modifications to the text". However, until the National Council passed a resolution in December 2011 to amend the national anthem with a federal law (see below ), no further actions or involvement of the publisher were known.

In a survey carried out on behalf of the daily newspaper Kurier by the opinion research institute OGM in July, 70 percent rejected the change in the national anthem and the inclusion of the “big daughters”. 68 percent spoke out against a completely new national anthem. OGM boss Wolfgang Bachmayer saw the clear “no” in the courier because 85 percent of those surveyed rated the number one political issue (at the time) as “less important”.

Recording of demo versions and criticism of them

In July, shortly after the political agreement and declaration of intent , several versions of the text were recorded in concert by the chamber singer Ildikó Raimondi , soprano of the Vienna State Opera , on behalf of Maria Rauch-Kallat . Raimondi was accompanied on the piano by pianist Eduard Kutrowatz . Part of this recording was the first verse in the text versions under discussion at the time: “Heimat Große Töchter, Söhne”, “Heimat Große Töchter und Söhne” and “Großer Töchter, Großer Söhne”, as well as the third stanza with the change in the line “ Einig let in brother choirs ”in“ Einig let in jubilant choirs ”. This was to prove the singability of these variants to the existing melody. This action was criticized in a broadcast by the managing director of IG Autorinnen Authors , Gerhard Ruiss, because "singers with a reasonable level of ability [...] can interpret almost everything convincingly". It is also not the job of politicians to rewrite national anthems.

November 2011 - 2nd initiative application

After the application of July 8th, after the first discussion in parliament on October 20, de facto failed, the governing parties began drafting a law a few days later. If a bill to change the national anthem was introduced with the first application, which only provided for the replacement of the previous line of text “Heimat are you great sons” with the word sequence “Home of great daughters, sons” in the fourth line of the first stanza, that was it The aim was to create a law that provided for the announcement of the entire national anthem.

The controversial phrase was changed to "home of great daughters and sons". Both took up the criticism because of the singability and the understanding (see the opinion that "daughter sons" could be heard) and countered the accusation expressed by some that a law with only the amendment line would be incorrect in content because it would reduce the national anthem to a half-sentence would. Furthermore, it was planned to replace the brother choirs in the third stanza with jubilation choirs, which - if it is changed - would also be desired by the heirs of Paula Preradović.

The initiative proposal submitted jointly by the SPÖ, ÖVP and the Greens on November 18, 2011 regarding a federal law on the federal anthem of the Republic of Austria contains the text of the law and the attached sheet music with the three stanzas of the federal anthem with the two changes described above . In the justification for the application, arguments were made about the changes as in the first application (see quotation above ). Furthermore, the justification for the federal anthem as a law says:

“The Austrian national anthem is not stipulated by law, but was determined by two resolutions of the Council of Ministers of October 22, 1946 and February 25, 1947, respectively. The decisions were preceded by a selection process in which the decision was ultimately made in favor of a text by Paula Preradovic for the given melody. [...] On the occasion of these reformulations, the text and melody of the national anthem are also to be determined for the first time by federal law. "

At its meeting on November 22, 2011, the constitutional committee passed the bill by a majority and "despite some fierce criticism from the FPÖ and BZÖ", taking into account an amendment to bring the change into effect on January 1, 2012.

National Council and pronouncement

On December 7th, the legislative proposal supplemented by the Constitutional Committee with the date of entry into force was adopted in a roll-call vote with 112 votes in favor and 39 against in the second reading in the National Council. After a “very emotional debate”, the law was passed in third reading with a majority of the SPÖ, ÖVP and the Greens. The MPs from the FPÖ and BZÖ voted against and refused to intervene in the text of the national anthem in their requests to speak. A rule of procedure for a referendum after the end of the legislative process, but before authentication by the Federal President , submitted by the FPÖ to this National Council meeting , was rejected by a majority of the SPÖ, ÖVP and the Greens against the votes of the FPÖ and BZÖ.

In the evening after the parliamentary session in the portico of the Parliament previously adopted new version of the national anthem by the choir of Piaristenpfarre Maria Treu in Vienna intoned . On December 13, the Federal Council's Committee on Constitution and Federalism - with the votes of the Federal Councils of the ÖVP and SPÖ and against those of the FPÖ - passed the motion not to raise any objection to the National Council resolution. Two days later, the National Council decision was confirmed in the plenary session of the Federal Council.

The Federal Hymns Act was announced in Federal Law Gazette  I No. 127/2011 on December 27, 2011 and came into force on January 1, 2012, as provided for in the political agreement of July 2011.

Legal disputes

Austrian national anthem as a state symbol

The Austrian national anthem, which was adopted by the Council of Ministers in 1947 and was valid until December 31, 2011, was never printed in the Federal Law Gazette. Regardless of this, in order to be effective as a federal anthem, according to the highest court rulings, the fact that the federal anthem is expressly one of the protected state symbols in Section 248 (2) of the Criminal Code is sufficient :

“The way in which a certain text and melody became the hymn is of no criminal significance. The legislature simply assumed the existence and use of the national anthem (since 1947) as a fact (as with countless other goods protected by criminal law) [...] [when creating the penal provision for protected state symbols]. That can be the end of it. The fact that six years after the entry into force of the penal code the flag of the republic and its coat of arms, but not the national anthem, have been constitutionally circumscribed [...] does not change the will of the criminal legislature, which was constitutionally established. "

The background to this decision by the Supreme Court was the offense of “degrading the state and its symbols” under Section 248 (2) of the Criminal Code. In 1981 the convict had in his book Lie, wo ist dein Sieg - poetry of an Austrian dissident, the text passages "Even the state anthem is ordered and lies" and "Better than your national anthem is any curse", in which the jurisdiction published a publication "In a way [saw] that the act became known to a broad public and made the national anthem in a hateful way contemptible."

With the Federal Law on the Federal Anthem of the Republic of Austria, which came into force on January 1, 2012 (see above ), the legal problem described above will be resolved at least on a simple legal basis by publication in the Federal Law Gazette.

Rights of use to the text

1992 Preradović sons complained Otto and Fritz Molden , the State approved Society for Authors, Composers and Music Publishers (AKM) and the intervening party on the part of the defendant, the Republic of Austria on accounting and payment in the aggregate amount of 500,000 Schilling . The point of contention was that the brothers wanted to obtain royalties for the normal playing of the national anthem at the end of the broadcast of the (state) ORF . The proceedings went negative for the Moldens through all instances.

In October 1994, the Supreme Court referred to Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon in its reasoning , according to which "National anthems are an expression of national self-image" and that "they [...] are played and sung on solemn political and sporting occasions". The hymns "belong to the so-called protocol". Finally, the Supreme Court stated:

“Since the author of the text had to be clear about the purpose of a national anthem, she already gave conclusive consent to the transfer of the rights of use to the intervener by participating in the competition - regardless of the knowledge of the conditions stipulated therein. The question of the validity of these conditions does not therefore need to be addressed. "

Copyright dispute 2010

The Sessler-Verlag , which represents the heirs of Preradovićs, demanded that the television and radio spots recorded by Christina Stürmer no longer be broadcast with the reinterpretation (see above) and threatened with an action for injunctive relief. He justified this with his obligation to fulfill contracts and to protect the author's rights. Both the publisher and the heirs submitted an application to the Vienna Commercial Court for an injunction to stop the commercial from being broadcast. Koschka Hetzer-Molden, next to Fritz Molden Preradović's heir, also spoke out against text changes, but distanced herself from the publisher's complaint. Although she acknowledged that “the national anthem belongs to the republic, as is well known,” she criticized the efforts to change: “Personally, however, I consider this discussion, which occurs every few years, to be ridiculous. I think that no Austrian woman will feel more self-confidence with the additional word 'daughters' in the hymn. "The judge of the commercial court dismissed the injunction and justified in her decision (quoted from ORF.at)," the author had her copyrights at that time ceded to the state "and" within the framework of the right of use, the change is permissible ". Interfering with the original text "in order to emphasize the changed phrase" sons and daughters "would not do any harm and no copyright infringement could be derived from it:

“In the more than 60 years since the text of the national anthem was created, the understanding of gender has changed so that the term Austrian no longer stands for Austrians, the term citizen no longer stands for citizens, but rather that citizens and Austrians, as can be seen in all of the speeches by the Federal President in recent years, are given equal rights. "

- Maria-Charlotte Mautner-Markhof : Judge, Commercial Court Vienna

The Higher Regional Court of Vienna ruled in August that the campaign did not represent commercial use for advertising purposes, but that it was used in the context of the fulfillment of governmental tasks. Furthermore, changes are permitted without the consent of the author if they are required “according to the customs and usages applicable in fair dealings through the type or purpose of the permitted use of the work.” The campaign is also “an important socio-political concern” and it should "obviously primarily appeal to a younger audience." The change is therefore not a mutilation, but rather represents "a contemporary, modified version that appeals to the primary addressees of the campaigns". An appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court in January 2011 .

Parodies and modifications

"Austrian anthem"

Addition to the Austrian national anthem by Franz Theodor Csokor :

(1) Land of Mountains, Land of Lakes,
Land where grain and grapes ripen,
where the south wafts softly
touches the seriousness of the north,
where the wild and the linden
joined in song and dance,
heart to heart
Land of longing, fatherland!

(2) Stay home, trust your closeness,
who only demands what it deserves!
You avoid what else the crowd
Gladly seduced into false shine!
You learned bitterly
Wore words, wore power,
you have to rescue and preserve,
what the spirit invents in you!

(3) Not as a guard in defense and arms
May you see your future.
You should build, build bridges,
that go from person to person. -
When the peoples of this earth
Unite for comparison
that there will be peace forever -
come first, Austria.

Otto and Fritz Molden

Paula Preradović's sons Otto and Fritz Molden drafted a parody on the same evening that Preradović learned that their text had been accepted as the national anthem:

Land of peas, land of beans,
Country of the four zones of occupation,
We'll sell you sneakily
Beloved Austria!
And up above the Hermannskogel
The federal bird flutters happily.

According to Peter Diem , who graduated from high school in 1955, the first two of these lines were popular in Viennese schools at the time.

Drahdiwaberl

In 1979 the group Drahdiwaberl published a song entitled "Kaiserhymne / Pink Punk Shirt". The following text is recited to the melody from the Kaiserquartett by Joseph Haydn:

Land of fields, land of domes
Land at current without atoms ,
Country of titles and diplomas

Home you are great sons
Home you are great daughters
Additional verse of women's rights activists

Land of the impossibly limited,
Land of the mountains, of the very smallest,
Land of Lakes and Lipizzaner ,
The Prohaskas and the Bracket

Land of the Crown , Land of the Staberl
Land of the Drahdiwaberl group.

Snotpipe

In 2012 the Viennese band Rotzpipn won the 9th protest song contest with their child, woman and dog friendly “Hymne 2.0” . On the jury sat Ernst Molden , grandson of Paula Preradović , who gave the group the highest number of points.

Land of offices and officials, land of Stadlmusikanten
Land through what the Danube flows, where you eat schnitzel
Home of the well-known, prominent Czechs
Where ma'd steal Sunday crown and like to vote fools

HolladiridljodlAustria Holladiridljodlei
Holladiridljodl is Austria
RipeReifReifReifReif (for the island)

Land of cellar nurseries ,
Stenzeltown and Komatrinker
Swinging behind the garden fence, looking into the ORF hole
Land of the dead composers, Mozart balls for tourists
We have nothing against foreigners - except they stay there

Our national sport is the Sudern - we are never quite all
Eating, drinking, watching TV, Budern
and when Fendrich sings I am from Austria,
then sing along with everyone, then samma hawara, yes yes

Land of the smeared representatives of the people - all
doers of conviction
Because if you pack properly, everything runs like clockwork
If you do get them, then there's a corruption scandal
Anyone who cashes in super clean will never be convicted

You can give us a shit, the main thing is that we have something to bite
give us sausages and a beer
and we will never rebel
because mia san mia

"Rock me Paula"

Pop / rock version, sung by Christina Stürmer.
(Changed passages to the wording until the end of 2011 in italics. Quoted from OGH 4Ob171 / 10s.)


(1) Land of the mountains, land on the river,
Land of fields, land of domes,
Land of hammers, promising.
You are home to great sons and daughters,
famous Austria.

(2) Hotly fought, wildly controversial,
you lie in the middle of the continent,
like a strong heart.
You are home to great sons and daughters,
famous Austria,
famous Austria.

Austria's “secret hymns”

Various popular and well-known songs are sometimes referred to as "secret hymns", including:

The melody Edelweiß from the musical The Sound of Music is intuitively associated with Austria by listeners and viewers from abroad, but hardly from Austria itself, due to the familiarity of the melody and the theme of the musical .

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e Robert Sedlaczek: It certainly wasn't Mozart! Not only the text of the national anthem has repeatedly caused controversy, but also the music. Taking stock of a decades-long debate. In: Wiener Zeitung extra, 22./23. October 2011, p. 2f. ( Online as PDF on the Austria Lexicon website . Accessed December 12, 2011.)
  2. a b c Federal anthem now also pays tribute to Austria's great daughters. "Jubelchöre" instead of "Brüderchöre" - heavy criticism from the FPÖ and BZÖ. In: Parliament Correspondence No. 1207 of the Austrian Parliament , December 7, 2011. Accessed December 14, 2011.
  3. a b c d e Peter Diem : Land der Berge, Land am Strome ... (section The composer of the Austrian national anthem is called Johann Holzer. ) Documentation on the creation of the national anthem. In: Knowledge collection / symbols in the Austria Forum in the version of October 25, 2018, accessed on February 6, 2020.
  4. Cf. Richard Bamberger , Franz Maier-Bruck : Austria Lexicon in two volumes. First volume A – K, Austrian Federal Publishing House for Education, Science and Art / Verlag Jugend und Volk, Vienna / Munich 1966, p. 161: “Federal anthem, […] The text is by Paula Preradović, the melody by Mozart (originally Freemason -Bundeslied 'Brothers, reach out to the Bunde'; music researchers have recently questioned the authorship of Mozart). ... "(Note: Bold type not included in the quote.)
  5. Note: "Äc-ker" is written in the official sheet music of the appendix to the federal law on the federal anthem. Correctly according to the current spelling for word separation ( memento of December 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (rule 165), "Ä-cker" should be written, although according to Duden and ÖWB a syllable separation is not permitted for Acker / Äcker, cf. Acker auf Duden online.
  6. Note: In the sheet music of the "official edition of the Austrian national anthem" (GZ 31105-II-4a / 49, order of the Federal Minister for Education of July 4, 1949), printed by the Austrian Federal Publishing House in 1947, according to the old spelling in the hyphenation ( Rule 179) “Fields” correctly written as “Fields” divided.
  7. See Land der Berge, Land am Rome in the Slovenian-language Wikipedia: " Uradni prevod tretje kitice, ki ga pojejo na Koroškem " (German: "Official translation of the third verse that is sung in Carinthia"). See also Peter Diem in Austria-Lexikon, who incorrectly states, however, that it is the first stanza.
  8. Michael Sachs: 'Prince-Bishop and Vagabond'. The story of a friendship between the Prince-Bishop of Breslau Heinrich Förster (1799–1881) and the writer and actor Karl von Holtei (1798–1880). Edited textually based on the original Holteis manuscript. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 35, 2016 (2018), pp. 223–291, here: p. 282.
  9. New Austrian folk anthem is necessary. In: Wiener Zeitung , April 11, 1946, issue No. 86. Quoted from Gustav Spann: Flag, national coat of arms and national anthem of the Republic of Austria. In: Federal Ministry for Education, Art and Sport. Political Education Department (Ed.): October 26th. On the history of the Austrian national holiday. Vienna undated, pp. 35-50. (Article, 18 pp., Online (PDF; p. 9; 4.7 MB) . Accessed July 14, 2011.
  10. ↑ Festival concert of the Austrian Turn- und Sportunion - Volkslied-Singkreis, Konetzni, Dermota, Pauspertl ( Memento from September 13, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Archive of Tonkünstler-Orchester Niederösterreich. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
  11. Festival academy for the opening of the “Rot-Weiß-Rot” station - Zeska, Melichar ( Memento from January 14, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), Fri, October 25, 1946, 7.30 p.m., Mozart Hall in the Vienna Konzerthaus. In: Archives of Tonkünstler-Orchester Niederösterreich. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
  12. ^ In: Wiener Zeitung, April 11, 1946, issue No. 86. Quoted from OGH4 Ob 171 / 10s from December 15, 2010.
  13. ^ In: Wiener Zeitung, October 23, 1946, issue No. 247. Quoted from OGH4 Ob 171 / 10s from December 15, 2010.
  14. In: Wiener Zeitung, February 26, 1947, issue No. 48, p. 2. Quoted from OGH4 Ob 171 / 10s from December 15, 2010.
  15. ^ In: Wiener Zeitung, March 9, 1947
  16. a b c d Decision of the OGH 4 Ob 171 / 10s from December 15, 2010. Reference JBl 2011,313 = MR 2011,79 (Walter) = ÖBl-LS 2011/44 = ÖBl-LS 2011/45 - National Anthem II / Rock me Paula. ( Online in RIS .)
  17. Federal Minister for Education, GZ 31105-II-4a / 49
  18. a b c d e f g Robert Sommer: The "daughters" left Krankl unmoved. About the attempts to save the anthem by modernizing the text. In: street paper Augustin , issue 03/2010. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  19. See Judith Schwentner in her speech at the National Council meeting on October 20, 2011 on the subject of the national anthem. In: Stenographic Protocol, National Council, XXIV.GP, 124th session, page 366 below and f.
  20. a b The relevant excerpts from the topic of July 10, 1995 and from the report of September 27, 2005 were in the ORF-2 broadcast Hohes Haus on December 11, 2011, in the article Daughter's Day on the National Council resolution of December 7, 2011 on the "Federal Law on the Federal Anthem of the Republic of Austria", shown.
  21. ^ Motion of the Greens for a gender-equitable version of the text, 699 / A (E) XVIII. GP, March 16, 1994.
  22. ^ Motion of the Liberal Forum for a Text Change, 426 / A (E), XX. GP., March 20, 1997.
  23. biography helmut emersberger. Website of the Hojsa-Emersberger formation at wienerlied.org. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  24. a b "We are sorry about this". ÖFB President Stickler apologizes for changing the national anthem text. ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: dieStandard.at / APA, April 19, 2002. Retrieved on December 16, 2011.
  25. a b "I haven't regretted it". Rounder Girl Tini Kainrath speaks in the standard interview [with Isabella Lechner] about reactions to the "female" national anthem, personal consequences - and why she changed the text in the first place. In: dieStandard.at , April 26, 2002. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  26. “'I think it's ridiculous!' She said in the 'Kleine Zeitung'. 'There is no substance behind it, just a mere assertion. The woman is despised, everything else is a lie. It is also a historical text that should not be interfered with. I also have respect for the work of Paula v. Preradovic. You wouldn't intervene so arbitrarily with a man, 'says Jelinek. "
  27. Home you are great sons and daughters. Education reform for Austria. ( Memento of February 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) In: Press release on the information campaign of the Ministry of Education, January 18, 2010, ed. from the Federal Ministry for Education, Art and Culture . Retrieved July 10, 2011.
  28. a b c d Initiative application 1658 / A XXIV. GP, accessed on December 10, 2011: Application by MPs Maria Rauch-Kallat, Renate Csörgits, Mag. Judith Schwentner, colleagues on a federal law amending the Austrian national anthem, submitted on July 8, 2011 ( scanned original as PDF; 89 KB).
  29. ÖVP mandatories sabotage anthem proposal. Application now submitted in writing. In: orf.at, July 9, 2011. Accessed December 10, 2011.
  30. See the final sentence of the speech by MP Kurt Grünewald (Greens) towards the end of the National Council meeting on July 8, 2011: “Then I'll say something else: I'm curious whether my colleague Rauch-Kallat can still speak. She supposedly or really wanted to change the national anthem, and I wonder, if someone steals her speaking time, whether they are really big sons . "(Bold type not adopted.) In: Stenographisches Protokoll, Nationalrat, XXIV.GP, 114th session, Page 194 and page 196 with the note that the application was received and that the meeting was closed (without Maria Rauch-Kallat speaking).
  31. a b c d Agreement: "Daughters" are included in the national anthem. In: Die Presse , July 13, 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
  32. ^ FPÖ criticizes "gender slapstick". With the change in the national anthem, serious women’s politics are being ridiculed, says the liberal women’s spokeswoman Gartelgruber. In: Die Presse, July 13, 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
  33. Women speakers: "Daughters" 2012 in the hymn. The motion to change the anthem will soon be brought to Parliament. In: Die Presse, September 24, 2011. Accessed December 12, 2011.
  34. ^ National Council: Debate about the daughters anthem at 2:36 a.m. The "big daughters" made it on the second attempt: on Thursday night, the anthem was discussed in parliament for the first time. In: Die Presse, October 20, 2011. Accessed December 12, 2011.
  35. a b Modification of the Austrian national anthem (1658 / A). Parliamentary procedure. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  36. ↑ Contribution to the debate by Stefan Petzner. In: Stenographic Protocol, National Council, XXIV.GP, 124th session, page 367 .
  37. Töchterle has reservations about changing the text. In: Die Presse / APA , July 13, 2011. Accessed December 10, 2011.
  38. Daughters in Hymn: Germanist has concerns about “daughter sons”. In: Der Standard / APA, July 13, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
  39. ^ "Copyright considerations" because of new anthem. In: Die Presse / APA, July 14, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  40. Large majority do not want the "daughters" in the anthem. In: Die Presse / APA, July 14, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  41. Ildiko Raimondi: Austrian national anthem - demo versions with three versions of the first stanza with daughters / sons; in the version of all three stanzas with the original wording by Paula Preradović from 1946; with the third stanza in the version with “Einig let in Jubelchören”; as well as with all three stanzas in the version valid until December 31, 2011. YouTube video (length 14:01 min), uploaded on July 18, 2011. Retrieved on December 10, 2011.
  42. Rauch-Kallat's suggestions for the hymn online (with a link to the YouTube video, see above). In: Der Standard / APA, July 19, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2011.
  43. a b c The small effect of the "big daughters" In: Die Presse, print edition, October 23, 2011. Accessed on December 12, 2011.
  44. Cf. contribution to the debate by Carmen Gartelgruber (FPÖ). In: Stenographic Protocol, National Council, XXIV.GP, 124th session, page 365 .
  45. ↑ Federal anthem: ÖVP, SPÖ and Greens submit a new bill. In: Parliament Correspondence No. 1105 of the Austrian Parliament , November 21, 2011. Accessed December 12, 2011.
  46. "Home of Great Daughters and Sons" decided. In: Der Standard / APA, November 19, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
  47. a b Initiative application 1758 / A XXIV.GP, accessed on December 10, 2011: Application by MPs Dorothea Schittenhelm, Mag.Gisela Wurm, Mag. Judith Schwentner, colleagues on a federal law on the federal anthem of the Republic of Austria, introduced on 18 December 2011 November 2011 ( scanned original as PDF; 75 KB).
  48. ^ Report of the Constitutional Committee on Motion 1758 / A by the Members of Parliament (...) regarding a federal law on the federal anthem of the Republic of Austria, November 22, 2011. Accessed on December 12, 2011.
  49. Austria in the future also "home of big daughters". Constitutional Committee gives the green light to amend the national anthem. In: Parliament Correspondence No. 1105 of the Austrian Parliament , November 22, 2011. Accessed December 12, 2011.
  50. In fact, out of 151 votes cast, there were 111 yes votes (instead of 112), 39 no votes and 1 invalid vote. See plenary deliberations NR. In: Federal Law on the Federal Anthem of the Republic of Austria (1758 / A). Parliamentary procedure. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  51. a b Austria is now the "home of big daughters". In: Der Standard / APA, December 7, 2011 (with video of the intonation of the new version of the national anthem by the Piarist Choir ). Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  52. a b Hohes Haus in ORF 2 , Töchtertag, broadcast on December 11, 2011. ( Transcript of the contribution to the text change of the national anthem on the website of the platform 20000 women. )
  53. Rules of Procedure 938 / GO XXIV. GP, accessed on December 14, 2011: Motion by MP Heinz-Christian Strache, colleagues, to hold a referendum in accordance with Art. 43 B-VG in conjunction with § 84 GOG, introduced on December 7, 2011 ( scanned original as PDF; 18 KB).
  54. ^ Report of the Committee for Constitutional Affairs and Federalism of December 13, 2011 on the decision of the National Council of December 7, 2011 regarding a federal law on the federal anthem of the Republic of Austria. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  55. ^ Federal Council confirms resolutions of the National Council. Subtitle Also Federal Council for the gender equitable text of the national anthem. In: Parliament Correspondence No. 1238 of the Austrian Parliament , December 15, 2011. Accessed December 16, 2011.
  56. Decision of the Supreme Court 13 Os 121/87 of January 21, 1988. ( Online in RIS .)
  57. Meyer's Encyclopedia in 25 volumes, Volume 16, p. 780 left column.
  58. a b Decision of the Supreme Court 4 Ob 1105/94 of October 18, 1994. Reference JBl 2011,313 = MR 2011,79 (Walter) = ÖBl-LS 2011/44 = ÖBl-LS 2011/45 - National Anthem II / Rock me Paula. ( Online in RIS .)
  59. ↑ National anthem: publisher remains at threat of legal action. In: Vienna. orf.at , January 25, 2010. Accessed July 10, 2011.
  60. a b Court rejects federal anthem lawsuit. In: Österreich.orf.at, March 4, 2010. Accessed July 10, 2011.
  61. ↑ National anthem: heiress distances herself from lawsuit. In: wien.orf.at, January 23, 2010. Accessed July 10, 2011.
  62. ↑ National anthem: OLG approves change. In: oesterreich.orf.at, August 20, 2010.
  63. "Daughters" allowed in the national anthem. In: wien.orf.at, January 20, 2011. No longer available.
  64. ^ Franz Theodor Csokor: Austrian hymn. In: Gertrude Rauch (editor): "What remains, the poets donate". Deuticke Verlag, Vienna 1978.
  65. a b Provided as a digitized version on his website by the author Peter Diem.