Cravanche
| Cravanche | ||
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | Territoire de Belfort | |
| Arrondissement | Belfort | |
| Canton | Bavilliers | |
| Community association | Grand Belfort | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 39 ′ N , 6 ° 50 ′ E | |
| height | 373-463 m | |
| surface | 1.35 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,957 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 1,450 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 90300 | |
| INSEE code | 90029 | |
| Website | http://www.mairie-cravanche.fr/ | |
 Cravanche Town Hall |
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Cravanche (German earlier Cranwelsch ) is a French commune in the department Territoire de Belfort in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté .
geography
Cravanche is 389 m above sea level, about three kilometers northwest of the city of Belfort (as the crow flies). The village extends in the hill country west of Belfort, in a valley on the edge of the Belfort basin, between the hills of Montagne du Salbert in the north and Haut-du-Mont in the south.
The area of the 1.35 km² municipal area includes a section in the area of the Belfort basin. The main part of the area is taken up by the elongated Cravanche basin. This opens to the east to the valley level of the Savoureuse . The hollow is bordered by the heights of the Haut-du-Mont in the south and the Montagne du Salbert in the north. On the slope of the Salbert the highest point of Cravanche is reached at 463 m. In geological and tectonic terms, the boundary between the Jura and the Vosges runs through the municipality. While the Haut-du-Mont is made of Jurassic limestone, the Montagne du Salbert is made of gray slate.
Neighboring communities of Cravanche are Belfort in the north, east and south, Valdoie in the north-east and Essert in the south-west.
history
The municipality of Cravanche was settled very early. The earliest evidence of human presence are numerous findings that have been made in the caves of Cravanche, including skeletons and especially tools from flint . Traces of settlement sites have also been preserved from Gallo-Roman times.
Cravanche is first mentioned in the 12th century under the name Gravainches . The names Cravainches and Cravoinche come from later times . The German names Cranwelsch , Grauersch and Crawaintsch are also passed down. Initially under the influence of the lords of Montbéliard, Cravanche came under the sovereignty of the Habsburgs in the mid-14th century. It formed its own little lordship. Together with the Sundgau , the village came to the French crown with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Since 1793 Cravanche has belonged to the Haut-Rhin department , but in 1871 it remained as part of the Territoire de Belfort, unlike the rest of Alsace, in France.
From the end of the 19th century, Cravanche experienced rapid population growth after the industrial areas of Belfort had expanded in the valley towards Valdoie. Since 1973, Cravanche has been part of the Belfort agglomeration, which in 1999 became the Communauté d'Agglomération Belfortaine , which in turn became part of the Communauté d'agglomération Grand Belfort in 2017 .
Attractions
The Monument aux morts, created in 1948, is a memorial to the victims of the First and Second World Wars. The Notre-Dame chapel dates from the 20th century.
population
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2007 |
| Residents | 1267 | 1570 | 1885 | 1893 | 1877 | 1806 | 1859 |
With 1957 inhabitants (January 1, 2017), Cravanche is one of the medium-sized municipalities in the Territoire de Belfort. In the period around 1900, Cravanche had very strong growth rates. In the first half of the 20th century the population fluctuated around 1100 people. Another sharp increase in population took place from 1960 to the mid-1970s. Since then, the number of inhabitants has remained almost constant. The settlement area of Cravanche has now seamlessly merged with that of Belfort.
Economy and Infrastructure
For a long time, Cravanche was mainly a village characterized by agriculture (arable farming, fruit growing and cattle breeding). Since the beginning of the 20th century, the village developed into a residential community on the outskirts of Belfort. A larger industrial and commercial area developed in the valley on the border with Belfort. This is where the Alstom factory buildings are located (manufacture of rail vehicles, especially TGV). Numerous small and medium-sized businesses are based in the municipality. There are also many retail shops for daily needs. Many workers are also commuters who work in the other municipalities of the Belfort agglomeration.
The village is well developed in terms of traffic. It is located on a departmental road that leads from Valdoie to Châlonvillars . The closest connection to the A36 motorway is around five kilometers away. Cravanche is connected to the city of Belfort by a bus line.
literature
- Le Patrimoine des Communes du Territoire de Belfort. Flohic Editions, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-84234-037-X , p. 241.
