Johannes Bückler

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Johannes Bückler, painting by Karl Matthias Ernst (1803)
The Schinderhannes house in Miehlen
In the museum in the Schinderhannes Tower (Simmern) shown hat of the Schinderhannes from the Friedensgericht in Simmern
Schinderhannes ball bag in the Schinderhannes tower (Simmern)

Johannes Bückler , French Jean Buckler , called Schinnerhannes or Schinderhannes (* probably autumn 1779 in Miehlen or Weidenbach im Taunus ; † November 21, 1803 in Mainz ), was a German robber who committed at least 211 criminal offenses, mostly thefts, extortions and robberies, however robbery and murder could also be proven. The total number of his accomplices was 94.

The name Schinderhannes refers to the activity of the young Bückler, who worked as an apprentice boy for two knackers , who are also called Schinder in some places, and who was given the nickname there; so his testimony in the later investigative proceedings in 1802 and 1803. His ancestors on his father's side had also been a criminal for generations.

origin

Johannes Bückler's oldest known ancestor was Sebastian Bickler, hangman and wasenmeister (skinner) from Kirchberg and Koppenstein , who pursued the washer trade at the Wallenbrück mill, which fell into disrepair after the Thirty Years War . According to his son Hans-Adam, he came from an old executioner and flagrant family. After his confirmation on November 13, 1679, Hans-Adam (also Johann Adam) Bickler (1649–1720) continued both offices on the Wallenbrück. During the wars of the Palatinate Succession, the French demanded a contribution that he could not afford ; therefore he was deposed in 1693 and replaced by the executioner Dillendorf from Corray near Zell on the Mosel. In 1697, after the end of the war, Hans-Adam Bickler was able to return.

In 1673 Niclas Bickler, Johannes Bückler's great-grandfather, was born on the Wallenbrück as the son of Hans-Adam Bickler and his wife Margaretha, daughter of the Wasenmeister Coller von Bernkastel . He also stayed on site at first, but left the family in 1703 and went to Hilscheid near Thalfang . After the Vordere Grafschaft Sponheim was divided between Baden and the Electoral Palatinate in 1708 and Wallenbrück became the Baden border town, more and more criminals and those sought refuge there sought refuge. After the death of his father and serious inheritance disputes between him and his stepmother Eva Marie, Niclas Bickler managed to receive the inheritance letter. However, the Oberamt Kirchberg overturned the decision a year and a half later, on February 16, 1722; Eva Bickler now received the letter. As a result of further ruinous inheritance disputes, the Wallenbrück had to be foreclosed on August 31, 1733. It went to the Naumburg executioner Matthias Nagel, who passed it on to his son-in-law Johann Leonard North in 1738, who in turn let Johannes Bickler manage it.

Otto Philipp Bickler, Niclas' son, became an executioner in Wartelstein, today 's Wartenstein Castle near Kirn . In this position he succeeded Mattias Nagel, a grandson of Matthias Nagels. Bickler went to Merzweiler in 1754 . Later, Johannes Bückler, the Schinderhannes , learned the trade from Mattias Nagel. Nagel, who was also known as a wound healer, provided Bückler with medical care after attacks and outbreaks. The father of Johannes Bückler, Johannes Bickler, was born in Merzweiler. He married Anna Maria Schmidt in Miehlen. Bückler's parents fled Miehlen in 1783 because of a forest crime and the mother's laundry theft. In 1784 the father was enlisted by the Imperial Army for six years . He served in Moravia , deserted in 1789 and initially returned to his native Merzweiler.

Life

The exact date of birth of Johannes Bückler is still controversial today. So was z. B. has long suspected that he could have been born in 1777 or 1783. Today the fall of 1779 is considered the most likely date.

The criminal career of the young Bückler began at the age of 15: he embezzled a Louis d'or with which he was supposed to buy brandy in the neighboring village. His first apprenticeship began at the end of 1796 with Wasenmeister Nagel in Bärenbach and ended with public strokes of the rod, as he was accused of stealing six calfskins and a cowhide from his master . In Bückler's opinion, however, he was entitled to these skins from unborn animals, as it was a craft practice. After this excuse was not taken from him, he fled from his master's house, but was hit and caught by Nagel a short time later, in early 1797, in Kirn . After a short trial he received a public flogging sentence of 25 lashes.

Then Bückler joined an older apprentice, Johann Niklas Nagel from Mörschied , with whom he hired at Wasenmeister Pickler in Sobernheim and soon afterwards a second time at Wasenmeister Nagel. He was very busy because of a cattle disease raging in the Kirn area. In Kirn, the two young people met another boy named Engisch , who was a servant for the local butcher Andres . Now the three began to steal cattle at night, especially sheep from pastures and stables. During the day they tried to sell their booty to the various butchers and finally found a buyer at Butcher Andres . Wasenmeister Nagel discovered these activities and reported the three young people to the government in Kirn.

As a result, Johannes Bückler was imprisoned a second time, but was able to escape through the roof of the council chamber in which he was held during the night of the trial. Now he got to know Jakob Fink , known as the Red Fink because of his red hair . At that time Fink was already a notorious thief who had already escaped from a dungeon. He introduced Bückler to other members of the notorious Hunsrück gang: Philipp Ludwig Ernst Mosebach , Johann Seibert from Liebshausen († June 16, 1802 in Liebshausen when gendarmes were shooting him), Iltis-Jacob and Peter Zughetto from Ürzig († 19 July 1802 in Monzel, shot by an armed resident). Their headquarters were in Liebshausen.

From 1797 Johannes Bückler often stayed in the Breitsester Hof ( Baumholder ) and the Dreiweiherhof ( Hallgarten ). On December 22nd, 1797, Niklas Rauschenberger ( Placken-Klos ) was murdered in the Baldenauer Hof .

On July 10, 1798, Johannes Bückler was arrested again in the Weidener Mühle near Weiden . After his attempt to escape - he wanted to abseil from the prison roof at Herrstein using a rope made of braided straw - was discovered and failed, he was transferred to Oberstein , where he was tried again. At first he denied it, but under the influence of his mother made a confession about a number of horse thefts . He was brought before the jury in Saarbrücken , which was under the jurisdiction of Herrstein at the time. On the day of his arrival in the detention center, on July 17, 1798, he had to be reported that he had escaped.

Peter Petri

Peter Petri is described as a black-haired man who was sober and gentle as a lamb, but drunk violently and no longer in control of himself. Iltis-Jacob and Reidenbach had previously been his accomplices in numerous raids in the Hunsrück. When Petri and Iltis-Jacob and their wife were on their way home from a child baptism, Petri and Jacob's wife stayed behind a little and crawled into the grass. The passing Jewish cattle dealer Simon Seligmann from Seibersbach discovered the lovers and betrayed them to the previous Polecat Jacob . He came back and strangled his unfaithful wife. Petri, however, could not forgive Seligmann, who had caught him at his shepherd's hour and had betrayed it to the Polecat Jacob . A little later he was with Johannes Bückler in the forester's house in Thiergarten near Argenthal and celebrated with him and friends wherever they had asked Jewish penniless players to make music. Meanwhile, Seligmann passed the house with a cow and was seen by Petri. Petri asked Bückler to follow him. The two of them attacked Seligmann and covered him over and over with knife wounds, from which he died. The two looted his body. It could not be proven whether Johannes Bückler had also murdered Seligmann. A legal review of the complete file material has shown that the accusation of murder cannot be upheld against him.

Slumber toilets

Initially, the gang carried on their mischief mainly in the then cantons of Kirn, (Bad) Sobernheim , Herrstein , Rhaunen , Kirchberg , Simmern and Stromberg , later the field of activity moved to areas beyond the Nahe . In the canton of Kirn, the robbers often stayed in the towns of Hahnenbach and Schneppenbach , in Hahnenbach Johannes Bückler had lodged his lover Elise Werner with a dirty old woman Anne Marie Frey. Elise Schäfer from Faid lived in Schneppenbach with her 14-year-old daughter Amie . This girl is described as intelligent, not brittle and fleshy to the touch and was courted by Bückler and Seibert along with a few others. Placken-Klos , who had ceded his Elise to Johannes Bückler, became jealous of this.

One day Placken-Klos came into Elise and Amie's house and asked that Amie be brought to his constant company . Amie, who fell in love with Johannes Bückler, was able to successfully defend herself against this request, but had to hand over her clothes to Placken-Klos , who then ran away . A little later Bückler appeared with Seibert, Fink and other journeymen at Elise and Amie's and found out what had happened. It was decided to seek out the robber and finally found him at the Baldenauer Hof near Morscheid , where he was slain by Seibert and Bückler on December 22, 1797. This murder at Placken-Klos could not be proven beyond doubt Johannes Bückler either.

Imprisonment in Simmern

The Schinderhannesturm in Simmern

At the end of February 1799, Kirn's gendarmerie was able to pick up Johannes Bückler in Schneppenbach by surrounding Elises and Amies' house and surprising him in his sleep. He was brought before the judge in Kirn. He was accused of stealing more than 40 cattle and horses. He confessed to some of his crimes.

House Kölsch on the market square in Kirn
House Kölsch on the market square in Kirn, which Johannes Bückler is said to have visited in 1799 for the Andreasmarkt

With his friend Johann Müller he was brought to the prison tower in Simmern, where his Elise could visit him twice. With the help of his friend Philipp Arnold, who sat in the guard room, Johannes Bückler was able to escape on the night of August 19-20, 1799. The dungeon in the tower consisted of its round basement, which was only accessible from above through a hatch through which the prisoners were lowered and pulled up. This also provided the prisoners with the most essential food. However, Bückler was not housed in this dungeon, but in a prison cell above. Bückler probably cut through the door boards with a knife that was secretly slipped shut and glued them back together with chewed bread as an adhesive. On a favorable occasion he left the cell, broke through a kitchen window loosely barred with iron, and from there jumped from the first floor into the moat in the city wall, presumably dislocating his leg or breaking his fibula.

Johannes Bückler returned to Wallenbrück around 1800, where he tried to steal horses in the mill now operated by Conrad Weyrich. Another prolonged residence of Bückler was the Scheidbach settlement near Dickenschied .

The time after the escape from Simmern

After his escape from the tower in Simmern, Bückler went mainly to robbery and extortion because the horse theft had become too burdensome and not profitable enough for him. He committed these acts with an average of five accomplices . A large part of his undertakings were directed against Jews. In addition, no interference from the Christian neighbors was to be expected in the event of attacks on this population group.

Stations:

  • Around 1800 Johannes Bückler moved his “residence” to the half-ruined Schmidtburg in the Hahnenbachtal and to Kallenfels Castle above Kirn, as an alternative accommodation and observation post.
The Hahnenbach valley between Schneppenbach and Bundenbach
The whereabouts of the robbers were known in all of Kallenfels, Hahnenbach, Sonnschied and Griebelschied , but nothing was revealed to the authorities. In Griebelschied, a so-called robber ball was even celebrated in public in August , at which the robbers had fun with the local women. Perhaps through this arrogance, the gang, which had long been the focus of police interests, then became locatable. Numerous robberies followed, mainly against Jews. The robbers became more and more brazen and moved beyond their home area into the Saar area .
  • In Wickenhof , after an armed street robbery (December 18, 1799), Johannes Bückler met his future wife and companion, Julchen Blasius , at Easter 1800 , who also took part in his raids. Before Julchen, Bückler had eight lovers, four of whom are known by name: Elise Werner, Buzliese-Amie, Katharina Pfeiffer and Margarete Blasius.
  • On January 5, 1800, Johannes Bückler attacked a carriage in Waldböckelheim .
  • On January 11, 1800, Johannes Bückler committed a robbery in Otzweiler and then fled to the right bank of the Rhine. At Koppenstein Castle, the booty from this and another robbery was divided up by Bückler.
  • On March 12, 1800, Johannes Bückler committed a road robbery in the Winterhauch ridge south of Idar-Oberstein.
  • On March 16, 1800, he robbed several Jewish merchants in Neubrücke .
  • On March 27, 1800, Johannes Bückler committed an armed robbery in Steinhardt that resulted in death.
  • On August 24, 1800, he extorted protection money from the industrialist Johann Ferdinand Stumm (1764–1839), one of the founders of the family business of the Stumm brothers . This was followed by the same offense against all Hottenbach Jews. In addition, Bückler committed a robbery against Wolff Wiener in Hottenbach.
  • In November 1800 there was an attempt to extort further protection money in Graefenbacherhütte .
  • On January 10, 1801 Johannes Bückler attacked the post office in Würges (near Bad Camberg in the Taunus ). The Dutch gang was part of the game .
  • On January 28, 1801 he committed burglary in Merxheim (Nahe).
  • On April 15, 1801, Johannes Bückler attacked a house in Laufersweiler during the night . The booty was brought to the Lemberg tunnel near Oberhausen an der Nahe and divided up. The Oberhausen ferry house became an important base for Bückler.
  • On May 25, 1801 there was a fight with soldiers in Klein-Rohrheim ( Hesse ), in which Corporal Franz Kleb was shot.
  • On September 4, 1801, the Jewish trader Mendel Löw was robbed and murdered in Sötern .
  • On September 15, 1801 there was a robbery in Staudernheim , then another in Waldgrehweiler . For the first time there was a resistance from the population.
  • On November 15, 1801, the band of robbers was put to flight after a robbery.
  • On January 14, 1802 there was another protection racket, this time in Merxheim, followed by the same offenses on February 12, 1802 in Neudorferhof near Lettweiler and on March 20, 1802 at the Montforter Hof . This was the robber's last documented offense.
  • On May 31, 1802, Johannes Bückler was arrested near Wolfenhausen in the Taunus.

Some of his companions were

  • Martin Schmitt, a Hungarian deserter , whom he tied to himself by ceding his lover Elise to him. Schmitt was arrested soon after in the canton of Zell and sentenced to six years in prison.
  • Carl Benzel from Reichenbach bei Baumholder, a violin player who was busy at festivals, church fairs and in bars, who also financed his living and his love affairs with theft. Benzel, who had enjoyed a good upbringing, distanced himself from Johannes Bückler after the first atrocities and hired himself out to the Mainz Landsturm . After a few weeks, however, he deserted and went back to Bückler, who received him warmly. He stayed with Bückler until his arrest, but always plagued by remorse. After Benzel was also captured, he ceded his lover Amie to Peter Zughetto . Benzel died under the guillotine in Koblenz on February 24, 1802.
  • Christoph Blümling from Laudert . He was caught for a theft committed by Johannes Bückler and died in prison in Cologne.
  • Peter Dallheimer from Sonnschied . This ended in Trier under the guillotine .

In the period up to his final imprisonment, there were several deaths, possibly attributable to Bückler. But here, too, the files known today are not sufficient to describe Johannes Bückler as a murderer .

In addition, there was no gang activity insofar as the accomplices changed almost every day. Bückler sometimes wandered around with certain people for several weeks, and time and again he joined other cronies (or they joined him); However, there can be no question of a gang in the legal sense in which different people have agreed to commit crimes for a certain period of time. Overall, however, it can be stated that the numerous homeless people and the traveling shopkeepers (the so-called vagabonds ) in particular tried to secure a subsistence level by stealing. Short-term mergers were the rule. However, in the course of 1800, Bückler had acquired an increasingly significant reputation, so that many people with a dubious reputation were happy to join him or even kept watch without being asked to do so. B. stayed in a restaurant.

Bückler with Juliana Bläsius and their child

With the new century, the French police system gradually began to take effect. According to an ordinance issued by the General Government Commissioner Jean-Baptiste-Moïse Jollivet in 1800, Johannes Bückler also came into the focus of the prosecution authorities nationwide, so that he started a mobile grocer's trade on the right bank of the Rhine under the pseudonym Jakob Ofenloch .

Arrest and conviction

On May 31, 1802 he was tracked down in the eastern Hintertaunus between Wolfenhausen and Haintchen by the Trier court judge and administrator of Limburg ad Lahn , Mr. Fuchs, in the morning at dawn with a command from Niederselters . When you were a quarter of an hour before Wolfenhausen, you saw a person walking out of a cornfield 300 paces from the road. She appeared a stranger to the command and was immediately arrested. At this point in time, no one knew that the stranger was the Schinderhannes. Rather, Johannes Bückler had been expelled from Wolfenhausen by a patrol two days earlier and picked up again by this patrol and then arrested. He was taken to Wolfenhausen, where the Wied-Runkel lieutenant was with his patrol command . From there he was taken to Runkel . With the statement that he, Jakob Schweikard , as he called himself, wanted to report for military service, he tried to escape this time. He was brought under light guard from Runkel to Limburg to Rütsche 5 , the seat of the recruiting office. At this point in time it was still not known that this man was Johannes Bückler. The light guard had more to do with his wish for army service, because many of the volunteers had run away with the hassle. It was not until Limburg that he was betrayed by a man named Zerfass from the long hedge , today Villmar - Langhecke , and after a brief detention in the basement of the recruiting office , he was brought to the imperial city ​​of Frankfurt am Main under heavy guard .

At this point, Bückler's determination to lead a robber's life wavered. He promised the imperial authorities that he would provide information on all of his crimes as long as he was not extradited to the French authorities , which had occupied the electorate of Trier, which was lost on the left bank of the Rhine, since 1801. After several detailed interrogations, however, he was handed over to the authorities with Julchen and some accomplices on June 16, 1802 and taken to Mainz , which was then French .

After the handover, Bückler was imprisoned in the wooden tower in Mainz and was subjected to several dozen individual interrogations during the 16-month preliminary investigation by Johann Wilhelm Wernher , during which 565 questions were asked. There were also numerous comparisons. The court upheld Bückler's hope of a gracious verdict and was able to elicit extensive confessions from him. Without incriminating himself with violent crimes, he named well over 100 people who were related to his crimes. Along with him, 19 of a total of 68 accused were sentenced to death.

The process

The process began on October 24, 1803 and was already attracting a large crowd. Three defendants had already died in prison. It took one and a half days to read out the 72-page indictment in German and French. In the process had Georg Friedrich Rebmann , then president of the Mainz Criminal Court, presided. The hearing took place in what was then the academy hall of the former Electoral Palace in Mainz. 400 witnesses were heard. The employment of professional judges, officers, interpreters and defense lawyers leads to the conclusion that one can at least partially speak of safeguarding the rule of law and the public in today's sense. The presiding judge at the Mainz special court was Georg Friedrich von Rebmann between 1803 and 1811.

After the trial was over, there were 20 acquittals, 18 convictions of chain and imprisonment or banishment, and 20 death sentences. The defendants have been charged with various offenses, including: Vagrancy and coercion , attempted break-ins and theft, mouth robbery and embezzlement , cattle theft, burglary, extortion, receiving stolen goods , grievous bodily harm resulting in death, robbery and murder.

The judgments

Contemporary wood engraving of Bückler's execution

Bückler was sentenced to death on the basis of the legal regulation that provided for the death penalty for armed burglaries . The verdict was already certain before the main hearing began, as the court officials had invited friends and acquaintances to the execution on November 21, 1803 in October.

Johann Bückler's father was sentenced to 22 years chain sentence, but died a few weeks later on December 28, 1803. Julchen Blasius served two years in prison . Before the trial, she gave birth to Bückler's son, Franz Wilhelm, in captivity on October 1, 1802. His direct descendants still live in the Taunus today.

The condemnation of Bückler and 19 of his followers to death by the guillotine was announced on November 20, 1803. Because of the large crowd (around 30,000 onlookers), the guillotine was not erected in the area of ​​the Gautor as usual, but outside the walls directly in front of the Neutor. On November 21, 1803, the condemned were driven in five open cars to the public place of execution. Bückler was the first to be led onto the scaffold . Seconds later, the execution was complete. It was all over 24 minutes after the first execution.

After the severed heads had fallen through a device into the lower, covered part of the scaffold and the first examinations had been made, they were then taken with the hulls to nearby barracks specially built for this purpose. Professors from the École Supérieure in Mainz (former university ) and scientists from the Medical Private Society in Mainz provided, inter alia. Conducted tests with electricity to test whether the decapitated people were still showing sensations. As a result of these investigations, the true storage location of Bückler's body can no longer be clarified. Although there is a skeleton with the inscription Schinderhannes in the anatomical collection of Heidelberg University today , this skeleton lacks the proven broken arm and leg of Bückler, it also has a different body size and has had a different skull since 1945. According to an evaluation of contemporary medical reports, Bückler also had late stage bone tuberculosis in his chest .

Legend

The legend began even before the execution itself. Shortly after his imprisonment in 1802, two allegedly authentic (but in fact almost entirely invented) biographies about the robber came onto the market. These, as well as numerous reports that appeared in the following years and were largely based on fiction, painted an exaggerated picture of the delinquent and also established his reputation as Robin Hood from the Hunsrück . The most well-known literary portrayal of a noble robber was only offered by Carl Zuckmayer's Schinderhannes (1927).

"I have traveled far in the world, I was caught in the forest, I was led into the city, where I should have been."

- Folk tune

Today it is also considered certain that Schinderhannes neither limited himself to “the war against the rich, Jews and French (→ coalition wars )”, nor was he a benefactor of the poor. Although many people protected him from persecution, his image was almost entirely negative, even among the poorest people. Even today, the name Schinderhannes has only negative connotations among the descendants of the Hunsrück and Hessians who emigrated almost 200 years ago.

Movie

The story has been filmed five times, four of which are currently known:

  • 1928: Silent film based on a script by Carl Zuckmayer and Kurt Bernhardt . Directed by Kurt Bernhardt. The actors included Hans Stüwe as Schinderhannes and Lissy Arna as Julchen.
  • 1957: TV play Schinderhannes , directed and screenplayed by Peter Beauvais based on the play by Carl Zuckmayer. Hans Christian Blech played Schinderhannes and Agnes Fink Julchen.
  • 1958: The Schinderhannes . Screenplay by Georg Hurdalek and Carl Zuckmayer. Directed by Helmut Käutner . Prominent actors were Curd Jürgens as Schinderhannes and Maria Schell as Julchen.
  • 2000: Feature film by the Film- & Theater-AG of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; 94 min, 200 participants, funded by the Culture Foundation for Rhineland-Palatinate. Screenplay by Mark Scheibe and Gerd Schmidt. Directed by Mark Scheibe and Daniela Wolf. The main actors were Volker Zill (Kelkheim) as Schinderhannes and Anja Dargatz as Julchen.

miscellaneous

Schinderhannes monument in Simmern
  • In 1922, Clara Viebig's novel Unter dem Freiheitsbaum , which deals with the events after the French Revolution in the Eifel-Hunsrück region and the gangs operating there, also commemorates Schinderhannes and his gang.
  • Carl Zuckmayer described the Hunsrück robber in his Schinderhanneslied with the words: This is the Schinderhannes, the rag dog, the gallows rope, the horror of every man and also the piece of women ...
  • Karl Anton Vogt describes in his novel (based on the files in the Mainz crime archive) the Rhenish robber captain as he lives and breathes. (1st volume of the KV novels and stories) KV-Verlag Landstuhl 1950
  • Schinderhannes was immortalized in France by a poem by Guillaume Apollinaire as one of the most famous robbers in Germany.
  • An animal species was named after Bückler, the extinct anomalocarid Schinderhannes bartelsi , the remains of which were found in the Hunsrück slate.
  • The Schinderhannes Festival has been taking place in Simmern / Hunsrück since 2007 (regularly every two years from 2008), which performs works by the author duo Michel Becker and Carsten Braun , including a musical version of Carl Zuckmayer's theater classic Der Schinderhannes 2012.
  • In 2009, Stephan Riedel's deductive, historical board game "Schinderhannes" with deeds and crime scenes of the robber was published by Clicker-Spiele.
  • In front of the prison tower in Simmern / Hunsrück, a memorial created by the sculptor Jutta Reiss has been commemorating prisoner Schinderhannes since 2011 .
  • Marius Müller-Westernhagen published a song entitled Schinderhannes on his 2009 album Williamsburg .
  • The band D'artagnan also released a song entitled Schinderhannes on their 2017 album, Verehrt & Verdammt .

literature

  • Helga Abret: Schinderhannes - a cross-border robber. A regional myth and its literary adaptations . In: The literary wren. 1/2014. Pp. 15-22. (PDF file 377.2 kB)
  • Uwe Anhäuser: Schinderhannes and his gang. Rhein-Mosel-Verlag, Alf / Mosel 2003, ISBN 3-89801-014-7 .
  • Peter Bayerlein : Schinderhannes Chronicle. From Miehlen to Mainz. Probst, Mainz-Kostheim 2003, ISBN 3-936326-27-4 .
  • Peter Bayerlein: Schinderhannes local dictionary. From adventure to Züsch . Probst, Mainz-Kostheim 2003, ISBN 3-936326-28-2 .
  • Johann Nikolaus Becker : Actual history of the robber gangs on the two banks of the Rhine. Written by the citizen Becker, security officer of the district of Simmern. 2 volumes, Verlag Keil, Cologne, 1804. (Reprint true to the original: Fourier, Wiesbaden 1978, ISBN 3-921695-12-0 ; reprint of the 3rd edition of the reprint by Zentralantiquariat der DDR, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-7463-0103- 3 ). (Online version of the entire text through the digitization project of the Bavarian State Library.)
  • Curt Elwenspoek : “Schinderhannes. The Rhenish rebel. First critical presentation based on files, documents and traditions by Dr. Jur. Curt Elwenspoek. “ Süddeutsches Verlagshaus, Stuttgart, 1925
  • Udo Fleck: “One knife in hand and one in mouth!” - The Schinderhannesbande (1796–1803). In: Sigrid Schmitt , Michael Matheus (ed.): Crime and society in the late Middle Ages and modern times. Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08281-6 , pp. 95-117. (online) (PDF; 2.0 MB)
  • Udo Fleck: The Mainz preliminary investigation files against the Schinderhannes gang. Trier 2004, ISBN 3-89890-072-X . (CD-ROM)
  • Manfred Franke: Schinderhannes: the short, wild life of Johannes Bückler, retold according to old protocols, letters and newspaper reports. Claasen, Hildesheim 1993, ISBN 3-546-00041-2 .
  • Alfons Friderichs (ed.): Johannes Bickler / Bückler, Schinderhannes, rhein. Robber captain in personalities of the Cochem-Zell district. Kliomedia Trier 2004 ISBN 3-89890-084-3 , pp. 46-47.
  • Hellmuth Gensicke: Critical studies on the origin and relationship of Schinderhannes (Johannes Bückler) , in: Genealogisches Jahrbuch 12 (1972) , pp. 136-146.
  • Reinhard Jakob:  Schinderhannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 785 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Helmut Kreuzer : "Schinderhannes": a robber around 1800 with Clara Viebig , Carl Zuckmayer and Gerd Fuchs . On the 200th anniversary of the execution of Johannes Bückler in Mainz on November 21, 1803. In: Suevica . Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-88099-428-5 , pp. 179-197. (Contributions to Swabian literary and intellectual history 9 (2001/2002))
  • Gunter Mann: Schinderhannes, Galvanism and the experimental medicine in Mainz around 1800 Medizinhistorisches Journal Vol. 12, H. 1/2 (1977) Sn. 21-80
  • Edmund Nacken: Schinderhannes, robber or rebel. F. Böhmer, Simmern 1961.
  • Karl Rauchhaupt (Ed.): Record-based story about the life and doings of the notorious robber captain Johannes Bückler called Schinderhannes and his gang . 3rd, increased and improved edition. Harrach, Kreuznach 1899 ( digitized version )
  • Mark Scheibe: The criminal justice system in Mainz and Frankfurt / M. 1796–1803, with special consideration of the proceedings against serial criminal Johannes Bückler, called Schinderhannes, 1802/03. 1st edition. Historical Commission for the Rhineland 1789–1815, Kelkheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-9813188-0-7 . (initial legal processing of the case)
  • Mark Scheibe: Schinderhannes. No good, horse thief, robber captain? 5th edition. Historical Commission for the Rhineland 1789–1815, Kelkheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813188-2-1 . (with initial processing of all 130 verifiable crimes committed by the robber)
  • Mark Scheibe (ed.): Schinderhannes and his gang or Johann Bückler and his journeymen strange story, crimes, condemnation and execution. Pulled from the criminal files and told the truth. 2nd Edition. Historical Commission for the Rhineland 1789–1815, Kelkheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-9813188-1-4 . (Reprint of the 1804 edition)
  • Student:  Schinderhannes . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 31, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 281-286.
  • Rainer Thielen: Schinderhannes - son of the North Palatinate Bergland. Otterbach 2003, ISBN 3-87022-307-3 .

Web links

Wikisource: Johannes Bückler  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Schinderhannes  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Information board in the Schinderhannesturm, Simmern
  2. ↑ The current status of the source evaluation with citation of the previous publications on the question of the date of birth is given by: M. Scheibe: Schinderhannes… , 5th edition, 2010, p. 64 f , are: Grünewald, in: Yearbook for History and Art of the Middle Rhine and its Neighboring Areas, 1967, pp. 48–58; Grünewald, in: Yearbook for History and Art of the Middle Rhine and its Neighboring Areas, 1968) pp. 128–166; Gensicke, in: Hess. Familienkunde (9), 1968, Col. 7-12; Petto, in: Saarländische Familienkunde (2), 1969, pp. 85–82; Bühler, in: Saarländische Familienkunde (3), 1970, pp. 163–165; Gensicke, in: Genealogisches Jahrbuch (12), 1972, Sp. 295-304; Petto, in: Mitteilungen d. Westf. Gesellsch. f. Familienkunde (26), 1973, pp. 94-99. There is no contemporary entry in the Protestant church book of Miehlen, Rolle 1081, Taufbuch 6, p. 33, only a handwritten note from Theodor Schüler added around 1890 to the entry by Johann Wilhelm Bückler that it was Schinderhannes (without further evidence of his Claim). According to all authors (except E. Nacken, who, however, ignorant of the authorship of the handwritten note by Th. Schüler) is a younger brother of Schinderhannes.
  3. ↑ Mark Scheibe: Questions about birth.
  4. ^ Zeit-Online: Nothing but a robber
  5. ↑ Johannes Bueckler his life /
  6. ↑ www.hunsrueck-museum.de/schinderhannes ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hunsrueck-museum.de
  7. ↑ Nothing but a robber. In: The time. November 13, 2003.
  8. ↑ Extensively examined in M. Scheibe: The criminal justice in Mainz and Frankfurt am Main 1796–1803 (…). P. 11 f., 23 f.
  9. ↑ The Schinderhannes as a media event
  10. ↑ Mark Scheibe: The original Schinderhannes myth was found in Brazil - A field study among the descendants of German immigrants in 1824 in the colony of Sao Leopoldo (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)
  11. ↑ Scenes at http://www.forschungsportal-schinderhannes.de/Wie_alles_begann.html
  12. ↑ Schinderhanne's poem in the French original from a Gutenberg project: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15462/15462-8.txt
  13. ↑ Various press reports. Victoria Jaggard: Great Appendage Photo: Fossil Linked to Claw Evolution ; National Geographic News, release dated February 5, 2009.
    Michael Groß: Exotic fossil find in the Hunsrück. In: Spectrum of Science. May 22, 2009. Excerpt from Spektrum.de .
  14. ↑ Schinderhannes Festival in Simmern / Hunsrück , accessed on July 3, 2013
  15. ↑ Historical board game on www.clicker-spiele.net
  16. ↑ Entry on the song "Schinderhannes" by D'Artagnan . discogs.com. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Bückler, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schinderhannes
SHORT DESCRIPTION German robber
DATE OF BIRTH 1779
PLACE OF BIRTH Miehlen (Taunus)
DATE OF DEATH November 21, 1803
PLACE OF DEATH Mainz