Aquino (Lazio)

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Aquino
coat of arms
Aquino (Italy)
Aquino
Country Italy
region Lazio
province Frosinone  (FR)
Coordinates 41 ° 30 '  N , 13 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 41 ° 29 '34 "  N , 13 ° 42' 13"  E
height 106  m slm
surface 19 km²
Residents 5,163 (Dec 31, 2019)
Population density 272 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 03031
prefix 0776
ISTAT number 060007
Popular name Aquinati
Patron saint San Tommaso and San Costanzo
Website Aquino
View of Aquino
View of Aquino

Aquino is a town with a bishopric in the Italian province of Frosinone in the Lazio region with 5,163 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It is 118 km east of Rome and 43 km southeast of Frosinone .

Santa Maria della Libera

geography

Aquino is located in the fertile Liri valley between Monte Cairo in the north and Monti Aurunci in the south. It has been on Via Latina , today's Via Casilina (SS 6), since ancient times .

The neighboring municipalities are Castrocielo , Piedimonte San Germano , Pignataro Interamna and Pontecorvo .

traffic

Aquino is located directly on the A1 Autostrada del Sole ( E 45 ) motorway , Pontecorvo exit.

With the train stations Piedimonte-Villa San Lucia-Aquino and Aquino-Castrocielo-Pontecorvo , the place is on the railway line Rome - Naples. The journey time to Frosinone is around 40 minutes and to Rome just under 2 hours.

In Aquino is a airfield for general aviation , which emerged from a military airfield.

history

Since the 4th century BC Chr. Was Aquinum an important place of Volsci . In the course of the control of the Romans over the Via Latina , the settlement became around 300 BC. To a municipium and in 39 BC. To colonia . Aquinum became an important city with perhaps about 40,000 inhabitants and even minted bronze coins with the rising rooster on the obverse. The Porta Capuana or Porta San Lorenzo as well as some ruins within the urban area west of the medieval city, which today belongs to the municipality of Castrocielo , have been preserved: There are two temples, a basilica , a theater , an amphitheater and a large thermal baths , which is subject to annual excavation activity.

In 577 Aquinum was conquered by the Lombards ; the inhabitants later settled further east between two lakes that are now drained. As early as the 9th century, the Lords of Aquino controlled an area between Fregellae and Cassino . The Counts of Aquino were in competition with the Abbots of Montecassino . Aquino is said to have been destroyed again by King Conrad IV's army in 1252 , but the sources are uncertain, because voluntary submission has also been handed down: the count's castle was preserved.

Basilica and Cathedral of Santi Costanzo e Tommaso d'Aquino

In the late 15th century, Aquino came by marriage to the Catalan D'Avalos family , who still exist today. 1583 the place got by selling at a price of 243,000 Goldscudi to Giacomo Boncompagni , the legitimate son of Pope Gregory XIII. and Duke of Sora . In 1796 King Ferdinand IV of Bourbon bought Aquino for the Kingdom of Naples .

In 1861 Aquino became part of the Kingdom of Italy . In 1927 the Province of Terra del Lavoro joined the newly founded Province of Frosinone.

Since the 5th century Aquino was the seat of a bishopric, in 1742 it was united with the diocese of Pontecorvo, which was only established in 1724, and then in 1818 it was added to the diocese of Sora. After the parishes of Montecassino Abbey were also added to this diocese in 2014 , it is now called Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo . The Church of Santi Costanzo e Tommaso d'Aquino is a co-cathedral of the diocese and has been a minor basilica since 1974 .

Attractions

  • Church of Santa Maria della Libera: In the early Middle Ages, it was built on a temple of the Roman god Hercules Liberator , equipped with several spoils of buildings of the Roman city and with a three-arched portico in front of the facade and a portal made of Roman architectural parts with floral reliefs and a lunette provided with a mosaic that shows the Madonna and Child between two donors from the D'Aquino family depicted in coffins. The interior is undecorated, which goes back to the restoration of the building in the 19th century and was retained after the war damage in 1944. Below the church is an incomplete Roman arch of honor, which is popularly referred to as the "Arco di Marcantonio" according to a vague statement in Cicero's second Philippine speech .
  • Castle of the Counts of Aquino (Castello Comitale): Built over a low rocky slope in the southwest of the medieval city, the castle, which once consisted of irregularly arranged individual buildings, still has a high square tower with an upper battlement as a donjon, one called "Casa di San Tommaso". designated main building with two handsome biforic windows on the upper floor and other smaller buildings; in addition, there is a round tower near the stream "Forme d'Aquino" flowing by below.
  • Museo Civico: Erected as a modern functional building on the western outskirts, it shows several remains of the Roman Aquinum , including architectural parts , sarcophagi, stone inscriptions and handicrafts; the fourth and last room illustrates the life of Thomas Aquinas and the patron saint, San Costanzo, a bishop in the 4th century.
  • Area of ​​the Roman city located in the area of ​​Castrocielo with ruins today in the scattered agricultural area on the Via Latina . The only almost completely preserved building is the massive Porta Capuana as the eastern city gate just above the street. The remains of the wall indicate two public buildings, a temple and a building with a round apse. The excavation activity since the beginning of the 21st century has made the extensive installation of the municipal thermal baths, which is one of the largest in Italy, important, but its area has not yet been fully excavated. Some mosaics depicting an elephant, a rhinoceros and sea creatures, as well as a latrine with another mosaic of comical and erotic content have been found so far; the area can be visited.

Population development

year 1881 1901 1921 1936 1951 1971 1991 2001 2011
Residents 2,195 2,746 3,027 3,447 3,673 3,610 5,386 5,337 5,299

Source ISTAT

politics

Libero Mazzaroppi (supported by the PD ) was elected Mayor on May 31, 2013 and re-elected on June 10, 2018. His citizens' list ( Aquino nel cuore ) also has the majority in the municipal council with 8 out of 12 seats. He replaced Antonino Grincia (PD), who was no longer running. Grincia was elected mayor in May 2003 and re-elected in April 2008. Grincia had previously been mayor from 1990 to 2001 and was replaced by Giuseppe Tomassi, who died in office in 2002.

sons and daughters of the town

Decimus Junius Iuvenalis , Roman poet (* 55 AD)

Caius Pescennius Niger (Iustus) (origin unsecured), (counter) emperor in the east of the Roman Empire in 193/194 AD.

D'Aquino family

Not Aquino, but Roccasecca Castle , now a separate community eight kilometers north, was the birthplace of the doctor of the church Thomas Aquinas (* around 1221/1224, † 1274).

Aquino gave its name to a noble family of Longobard origin who represented the dukes of Benevento here as Gastalden ; the first incumbent was Adenolfo I around 880, but the earliest main representative was Adenolfo III. Summucula (about 996-1022); it named itself after its first official or manorial seat. Later she owned, among others, the Ducat of Gaeta , the County of Acerra near Naples , the Counties of Ascoli , Loreto , Satriano and Monteodorisio , all in the Kingdom of Naples, as well as the Margraviate of Pescara since 1442 : The heiress Antonella of Francesco Antonio, the only Margrave († after September 6, 1472), had already married Inigo d'Avalos, Count of Monteroduni, a follower of King Alfonso the Magnanimous , in 1453 and brought her inheritance to the D'Avalos family. One of the best-known members of the family was Thomas II († March 15, 1273 ), Count of Acerra, who was contemporary with the Doctor of the Church and who married Margarethe von Schwaben († 1297/98), an illegitimate daughter of Emperor Frederick II , in 1247 , After the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty in 1268, however , he turned to the new royal family in Naples, the Anjou ; his granddaughter Margherita († after August 2, 1328) was the lover of King Robert the Wise . Because of the fragmentation of the entire family into different lines, there were internal disputes that caused a decline, which ended with the marriage in 1453 and the transfer of ownership in 1472. Late family members lived in the early 17th century.

literature

  • Jessica Böttcher-Ebers: The arch as a visual symbol in the Roman cityscape. On the change in the meaning of an architectural element in the late republic. Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8300-6470-1 .
  • Gunnar Brands: The Arch of Aquinum. In: Archäologischer Anzeiger. Year 1991, pp. 559-609.
  • Michelangelo Cagiano de Azevedo: Aquinum (Aquino). Regio I Lazio and Campania. Rome 1949.
  • Laura Castrianni: Aquinum. Documenti per la carta archeologica. Foggia 2011, ISBN 978-88-8431-350-8 .
  • Giuseppe Ceraudo: Il contributo dell'aerofotogrammetria per la ricostruzione dell'impianto urbano di Aquinum. In: Terra dei Volsci. Annali del Museo Archeologico di Frosinone. Volume 2, 1999, pp. 161-168.
  • Francesco Coarelli: Aquinum dai Volsci ai Longobardi. In: Lazio ieri e oggi. Volume 52, 2016, pp. 21-26.
  • Eliseo Grossi: Aquinum. Ricerche di topografia e di storia. Rome 1907 (reprinted 2009, OCLC 868014134 ).
  • Christof Henning: Latium. The land around Rome. With walks in the Eternal City. (= DuMont art travel guide ). 3rd, updated edition. Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-7701-6031-2 .
  • Carlo Molle: Le fonti letterarie antiche su Aquinum e le epigrafi delle raccolte comunali di Aquino. Aquino 2011.
  • Angelo Nicosia (Ed.): Spigolature aquinati. Studi storico-archeologici su Aquino e il suo territorio. Aquino 2007, ISBN 978-88-87973-26-1 .
  • Sabrina Pietrobono: Aquinum: Porta Capuana o di San Lorenzo. Una nuova interpretazione. In: Rivista di topografia antica. Volume 13, 2003, pp. 167-184.
  • Sabrina Pietrobono: Per la topografia della contea di Aquinum e dei feudi aquinati. La viabilità medievale tra Arce e Aquinum. Problemi metodologici e prospettive di ricerca. In: Fulvio Delle Donne (ed.): Suavis terra, inexpugnabile castrum. L'Alta Terra di Lavoro dal dominio svevo alla conquista angioina. Arce (FR) 2007, pp. 74-113.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ^ Richard Delbrück: Building history from central Italy. In: Roman communications . Volume 18, 1903, pp. 141-163, here p. 143.
  3. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT . Population statistics from the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, as of December 31, 2011.
  4. ^ Homepage of Francesco De Angelis (PD) accessed on April 17, 2019
  5. ^ Information from the Ministry of the Interior, accessed on April 17, 2019

Web links

Commons : Aquino  - collection of images, videos and audio files