De Graeff

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Members of the De Graeff family on arrival in Soestdijk . Painting by Jacob van Ruisdael and Thomas de Keyser (1656/1660), National Gallery of Ireland

De Graeff , also called Graeff ( De Graef , Graef ) and De Graeff van Polsbroek , is the name of a Dutch patrician and aristocratic family that still exists today . The family experienced their climax in Amsterdam and Holland in the 17th century, the golden age , when they were able to rise to one of the most influential families in the Dutch republic through clever tactics .

The wealth of the De Graeffs was based on trade; in their political engagement they were mostly in opposition to the Orange , from whom they were repeatedly excluded from the Amsterdam city government . They were linked to the Bicker family through numerous marriage alliances . During the Golden Age, members of the De Graeff family also acted as important patrons .

Beginnings and overview

Coat of arms from the later 16th century; According to the German Herald , this is the family coat of arms of Pieter Graeff (early 16th century)
Dirck Jansz Graeff, unknown artist (ca.1578)

Amsterdam trunk line

The family first appeared in Amsterdam at the beginning of the 16th century with Pieter Graeff and his wife Griet Pietersdr Berents. Older sources mention that Pieter Graeff was a son of Wolfgang von Graben (1465-1521), who was in Holland in 1483 . Von Graben came from the Ukrainian noble family of the Lords of Graben from the Meinhardin family . The current sources according to today's genealogy are uncertain about this origin. Pieter Graeff, however, already had the Von Graben coat of arms with the silver spade on a red background and the silver bird on a blue background.

Pieters tribe was continued by his only known son Jan Pietersz Graeff (before 1512–1553). It is known about them that he lived in Amsterdam in "Huis De Keyser" (named after the "Keizerskroon" outside the building) on Damrak . There he ran a flourishing cloth trade. In 1539 he was named as their guild master. Graeff also carried out his trade in Antwerp , the former staging area for English linen. When he wanted to establish himself as a trader in North Brabant , his sons intervened for his early return to Amsterdam. There Graeff was named a member of the patrician city government. He fulfilled his function as Vroedschap in 1542 and the post of Schepen the following year . Due to his work in the city government, the De Graeff family was one of the few genders who sat in government before and after the Alteratie of Amsterdam .

Jan Pietersz Graeff had five sons. The second-born Lenaert Jansz de Graeff was involved in the religious liberation struggle in the Netherlands in the 1560s and 1570s; on the one hand he was one of the military and religious leaders of Amsterdam under his friend Heinrich von Brederode and probably involved in the conquest of Brielle in 1572 as "Monseigneur de Graeff" as captain of the Wassergeusen . His third son Dirck Jansz Graeff (1532–1589) founded the main line of the family in Amsterdam. As the ruling mayor of Amsterdam and friend of William of Orange (William the Silent), he was able to lay the foundation for the political and social influence of the family as city ​​lords of Amsterdam . Dirk Jansz was one of the emigrants who fled to Emden from the Spanish army under the Duke of Alba . After his return, Dirck Jansz had stakes in over 100 merchant ships. In the years 1584/1585 he was the richest resident of Amsterdam with a fortune of 140,000 guilders .

Older lines

Republic of the United Netherlands

Side lines split off from son Jacob Jansz Graeff († approx. 1580), the youngest son of Jan Pietersz Graeff, who lived in the cities of Alblasserdam , Alkmaar , Leiden and Delft , but could not gain influence right away from those who remained in Amsterdam . The most famous member was the Dutch Rear Admiral Albert Claesz de Graeff , a great-grandson of Jacob Jansz Graeff. It is not known whether there are any descendants from these branches to this day.

It is possible that Hendrik de Graeff (* 1605), son of Jakob Dircksz de Graeff (a great-grandson of Jan Pietersz Graeff), the connecting person between the (Amsterdam) family De Graeff and the Schoonhoven family De Graeff (De Graaf), who is also the important physician and researcher Reinier de Graaf (Reinier de Graeff) belonged to be.

In addition, there are descendants of Jacob Jansz Graeff's illegitimate son Adriaan Jacobsz Graeff, but nothing further is known about their work.

Old German Empire

Coat of arms of the De Graaff / De Graaf family in Prussia with the Dutch De Graeff coat of arms ( Graaff (de), Prusse - Orig. De Hollande ) in the Rietstap

According to the Rietstap Armorial Général , the (De) Graeff coat of arms was also registered by carriers in the former Prussia (Germany) as Graaff (de), Prusse - Orig. De Hollande , which cannot be determined in terms of time. The original coat of arms is described as follows: Graaff (de) Prusse - Orig. De Hollande - Écartelé aux 1 et 4 de gueules à une bêche d'argent le fer en haut aux 2 et 3 d'azur à un cygne d'argent Cimier la bêche sommée de trois plumes de paon au naturel Lambrequin d'argent et de gueules . Since the Blazon next to the spade describes a swan [and no goose which the De Graeff's from 1655/78 as (Vrij) heeren van Purmerland en Ilpendam instead of Swan led], these are probably a descent from the Amsterdam main line before separation of property in 1638 (the death of Jakob Dircksz de Graeff ). The swan stands for the Graeffsche Gut Vredenhof , combined with the manorial privilege of breeding swans. The estate remained in the Amsterdam line of the Vrijheeren van (Zuid-Polsbroek), Purmerland en Ilpendam, until 1638 , then came to a secondary branch that died out in 1678, and then until (at least) 1707 it was again owned by the Vrijheeren from the main line (this However, the main line always has identifiable members).

The German Herald from 1872 refers in one of his editions in connection with the Dutch family De Graeff to the Lebedur'sche Adelslexikon , which in the period of the 17th and 18th centuries four families named von Graaff and von Graffen (also De Grave and De Gref ) enumerates without genealogical origin, of which the first is reported in the Rhineland , the second in the Rhineland and Westphalia , the third in Saxony , and the fourth family without geographical allocation. Furthermore, Der Deutsche Herold writes: The name de Grave, or Graf, Graeff sounds entirely Dutch, so that there is probably a connection with the sex mentioned in No. 11 of this magazine (in No. 11, News about the de Graeff family), could be thought of . It is also stated: In the Prussian Army there were several officers in the previous and this century who had the name v. Graef , v. Graff , v. Graffen , v. Graefen have, but there is a lack of characteristics to which of the four genders mentioned at the beginning they belong. In addition to a list of officers with these names, it also reveals an ensign von Graeff there in 1711 .

The Amsterdam trunk line

Regent power in the Golden Age

Overview of the main family relationships of the Amsterdam oligarchy around the families Boelens Loen , De Graeff, Bicker (van Swieten) , Witsen and Johan de Witt in the Golden Age.

During the course of the Dutch Golden Age , the members of the Amsterdam lineage of the De Graeff family came under harsh criticism of the growing influence of the House of Orange-Nassau . Together with the leading republican statesmen, the Bicker brothers and the De Witts , these families were in favor of abolishing the governorship, at least in the province of Holland . The De Graeff and Bicker families, for example, sought to imitate the centralized, autocratic style of government of the Florentine Medici . The Dutch historian and archivist Bas Dudok van Heel said of the power of families like de Graeff and Bicker: In Florence, families like Bicker and De Graeff would have been uncrowned princes .

Jakob Dircksz de Graeff , one of Dirck Jansz Graeff's sons, further expanded the socio-political influence of the family within the city government and in the republican and Protestant circles of Holland. He was known for his free-thinking , republican outlook, but also for his addiction to fame , and, together with his nephew Andries Bicker, advocated the recognition of the protestors in Amsterdam. After the political end of Reinier Pauw , the leadership of the city government came into the hands of the Armenian clique around De Graeff and Bicker. This gave new impetus to the republican state party , which had been weakened since the murder of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt .

Detail from De Lairesse's ceiling painting Triomf der Vrede depicting the role of the De Graeff family and the role of Amsterdam as protector of the republican form of government and defender of freedom (1672), The Hague Peace Palace

For nearly half a century, the De Graeff family had been one of the republican leaders of Amsterdam and Dutch politics. In the period of 1650/1660 the city of Amsterdam had reached the zenith of its leadership within the Dutch Republic. This period at the height of the Golden Age was viewed by the Republicans as the "Ware Vrijheid" (True Freedom). It was the so-called First Governorless Period , which stretched from 1650 to 1672. During these twenty-three years the Dutch rulers, and at their head the one of Amsterdam, ruled the Dutch republic. The leading patricians of the city of Amsterdam felt that their self-confident sovereignty had placed them in the footsteps of the ancient Roman republic . Without the continued interference of the Orange governor, the republican system of regents functioned effectively politically and economically. The De Graeff family was able to play a decisive role in shaping the socio-political, cultural and economic image of the Dutch republic from 1627, the political end of the Orange -minded statesman Reinier Pauw , until the rampjaar in 1672.

Jacob Dircksz's eldest son Cornelis de Graeff , who during his reign in Amsterdam was in close political and economic cooperation with his nephew Johan de Witt , the council pensioner of the Republic of the United Netherlands , should be mentioned as an outstanding personality of the gender (of the Golden Age) . In 1648 the Dutch city rulers around Cornelis de Graeff and Andries Bicker succeeded in getting the Netherlands into the negotiations at the Peace of Munster . Until his death in 1664, De Graeff was mayor of Amsterdam, the republican center of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. De Graeff not only had the interests of these in mind, but also those of Holland and the political balance with the other Dutch provinces.

When Cornelis brother Andries de Graeff came to power again in 1671 with his state-minded party, it was time for him to position this, the “Ware Vrijheid” of the republic, in a painting in his mayor's hall. Gerard de Lairesse presented in the Triomf der Vrede the role of the De Graeff family as the protector of the republican form of government, defender of freedom. It is also to be understood as a statement on opposition and against the return to the Orange governor. In Rampjaar 1672, after the political end of the regime of Johan de Witt and the associated political end of the republican city rulers, the De Graeff family was taken over by the new governor Wilhelm III. by Orange-Nassau and Gillis Valckenier , Amsterdam's new strong man, excluded from their positions.

  • Jakob Dircksz de Graeff (1571–1638)

  • Cornelis de Graeff (1599–1664)

  • Andries de Graeff (1611–1678)

  • Pieter de Graeff (1638–1707)

  • Jacob de Graeff (1642–1690)

Art, architecture and science

The De Graeff family also made a name for themselves as patrons of the arts. In the Golden Age, the painters Govaert Flinck , Nicolaes Eliaszoon Pickenoy , Jan Lievens , Jacob Jordaens , Rembrandt , Jürgen Ovens , Gerard ter Borch , Jacob van Ruisdael , Thomas de Keyser , the aforementioned Gerard de Lairesse and the sculptor Artus Quellinus were among the most representative Orders to portray the members of the family on the one hand and to decorate their houses on the other hand. These artists have also received public commissions from the family; like Ruisdael, Quellinus or Flinck with the decoration of the then newly built town house Op de Dam , for which the De Graeff and Bicker family had shown themselves responsible. As a model of the new sovereignty that they had since the peace treaty of Münster in 1648, they created the building based on the example of the Venetian Doge's Palace . Cornelis de Graeff's son Jacob laid the first stone here in 1655. The poet and poet Joost van den Vondel wrote the poem Bouwzang for the occasion . In addition to Van den Vondel, other poets such as Jan Vos , Caspar van Baerle and Gerard Brandt wrote verses and poems about the De Graeffs.

In addition to the Op de Dam, the De Graeffs were responsible for the expansion of Amsterdam and the construction of various canals . They also had magnificent town houses built, such as the Palais Huis van der Graeff . Likewise, in 1638 they were responsible for the foundation of today's Palais Soestdijk, which was given to Wilhelm III in 1674 . was sold by Orange , who spent a few summers on this property in his youth.

Rembrandt's Jakobssegen (Jacob blesses the sons of Joseph) from 1656 shows Wendela de Graeff and her family as biblical persons

In addition to the mere commissioning of artists, the De Graeff were also great collectors, whose acquisitions today adorn various Dutch and foreign art museums; The two Rembrandt paintings Minerva and the Blessing of Jacob as well as Frans Halsen's painting Catharina Hooft with her wet nurse were in family ownership until 1753 and 1872 respectively.

Furthermore, organized the brothers Cornelis and Andries de Graeff in 1660 the Dutch poison , the Dutch gift . That was intended as a pro-English strategy for Amsterdam and included a rich gift of art to the English King Charles II.

Jakob Dircksz de Graeff ran a chemical laboratory together with his friend Pieter Jansz Hooft (1575–1636), in which they invented a perpetual motion machine . In the field of science and natural history , De Graeff maintained close collaboration with Constantijn Huygens and, via Huygens, also with René Descartes . His grandson Pieter de Graeff was associated with Huygens son Christiaan Huygens .

After the golden century

After the Amsterdam De Graeff family had lost their political importance in 1672, they could only establish themselves to a limited extent in Amsterdam and Dutch politics. During the 18th century there were still three family members, namely Johan de Graeff (1673–1714), Gerrit de Graeff van Zuid-Polsbroek (1711–1752) and Gerrit II de Graeff van Zuid-Polsbroek (1741–1811), in the 19th century Century with the factory owner Gerrit IV de Graeff (1797-1870) only one De Graeff sat in the Amsterdam city government. In the 20th century the family had completely disappeared from city politics, the political and social leadership role of the family had taken over the The Hague Line .

Feudal

Family owned glories

See also: High Glory Polsbroek , High Glory Ilpendam - Purmerland, and High Glory Jaarsveld

Like many other Dutch patrician families, the De Graeffs endeavored to appropriate the way of life and social behavior of the old nobility and to be recognized by them as equal . The acquisition of feudal manors, so-called heerlijkheiden, served to justify such claims . which in the Netherlands were also connected to their own jurisdiction. In the case of “Niederen Herrlichen” (lage heerlijkheiden) or Ambachtsherruchten this was the lower jurisdiction , while the landlord of a “free one” or “ high glory ” also had high jurisdiction .

Map of the High Glories Polsbroek and Jaarsveld (Jaersveld), by Joan Blaeu (1665)

Jakob Dircksz de Graeff was one of the first Dutch city rulers who came into possession of such a high level of glory. In 1610 he bought the hoge of vrije heerlijkheid Zuid-Polsbroek for himself and his family from Karl Graf von Aremberg , which at that time was no longer a fiefdom, but could be freely inherited and sold as an allod property. Your acquisition increased the reputation and made a contribution to the aristocratization of the family, in which De Graeff and his heirs have since been able to be addressed as Vrijheer (en) van Zuid-Polsbroek .

Furthermore, Jacob de Graeff inherited the high or free glory of Purmerland and Ilpendam in 1678 . The splendor of Zuid-Polsbroek and Purmerland and Ilpendam were owned by the De Graeff family until 1870. The De Graeff family can be seen here as fief recipients of the city of Amsterdam, and they had additional rights as lords of Amstelveen , Nieuwer-Amstel , Sloten , Sloterdijk and Osdorp , Urk and Emmeloord .

Furthermore, the Amsterdam councilor Pieter Dircksz Graeff (1573–1645), owned the glory Engelenburg. The siblings Alida (1651–1738) and Arnoldina de Graeff (1652–1703) had been vrijvrouwen of the High Glory Jaarsveld in the second half of the 17th century .

The family had land and splendid rights in the southern part of Netelenburg , in Duinen in North Holland , in Cromwyk and Hoog Rietveld near Woerden , near Langerak and on the river Lek , the extensive country estate Vredenhof near Voorschoten as well as in De Graskamp and grounds in Soestdijk, Palais Soestdijk , and Baarn .

Family seats

See also: Palais Soestdijk , Ilpenstein Castle , Herengracht 573 and Huis van der Graeff

The family's ancestral home was the “Huis De Keyser” on Damrak in Amsterdam , which is named after the “Keizerskroon” attached outside the building. The first three generations ran an iron and cloth trade there. Family members subsequently bought townhouses on Fluweelenburgwal , Herengracht and Gouden Bocht . Examples of this are Herengracht 573 , which houses the Hendrikje Cup Museum , and the Huis van der Graeff city ​​palace , which was completed in 1672 for Andries de Graeff . In the 19th century relocated family members from Amsterdam to The Hague where their descendants are still living today.

Outside the city, the De Graeff family owned various estates and country estates. In 1581 Dirck Jansz Graeff acquired the large country estate Vredenhof near Voorschoten . It was devastated by the Spaniards a short time later and rebuilt by Jan Dirksz Graeff after his death. The estate remained in the family's hands until the 18th century. The family had other country estates with what was later to become Palais Soestdijk , Bronstee near Heemstede , Vogelsang and Valkenburg, and Graeffenveld near Oud- Naarden . The De Graeff family owned castles with Ilpenstein Castle and Jaarsveld Castle. The family owned shares in Swieten Castle, among other things .

  • City Palace Herengracht 573 (facade) which now houses the Hendrikje Cup Museum

  • Ilpenstein Castle

  • City palace Huis van der Graeff , Herengracht 446, Amsterdam

Noble

In 1677, Andries de Graeff and his son Cornelis received the status of imperial knighthood from Emperor Leopold I. The reason for this was the assumed descent from the Von Graben von Stein family . With the death of their son and father the following year, however, this branch became extinct. Extract from the imperial diploma in Vienna:

Fide digis itegur genealogistarum Amsteldamensium edocti testimoniis te Andream de Graeff non paternum solum ex pervetusta in Comitatu nostro Tyrolensi von Graben dicta familia originem ducere, qua olim per quendam ex ascendentibus tuis ejus nominis in Belgium traducta et, from proavum de Graum , Theodorum, avum, ac tandem Jacobum, patrem tuum, viros in civitate, Amstelodamensi continua serie consulatum scabinatus senatorii ordinis dignitabitus conspicuos et in publicum bene semper meritos propagata nobiliter et cum splendore inter suos se semper propobil gessaerit interque alios eoasque liberasque loc venandi jus in Hollandia, Frisiaque occidentale ac Ultrajectina provinciis habuerit semper et exercuerit.

When the Kingdom of the United Netherlands was founded in 1815 , the De Graeff family received no recognition or elevation into the new Dutch nobility, as the Dutch historian and archivist Bas Dudok van Heel put it:

“ In Florence, families like Bicker and De Graeff would have been uncrowned princes. Here they should have been raised to the rank of count at least in 1815, but the southern Dutch nobility would not have put up with that. What you got here was nothing half and nothing whole "

- Bas Dudok van Heel :

In 1885 Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek was awarded the new Dutch nobility with the title Jonkheer for himself and his descendants . This noble branch still flourishes today.

coat of arms

According to the German Herald , the first lord, Pieter Graeff, already had a family coat of arms at the beginning of the 16th century , which shows the silver shovel on a red background of the Lords of Graben and a silver bird (falcon with a red hood) on a blue background. The falcon's origins lie in his country estate in Gooiland , which he named in honor of his wife Valckeveen (later the Valckenburg country estate ).

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Amsterdam line of Graeff / De Graeff had the following coats of arms :

  • The silver shovel on a red background ( coat of arms field 1, or as well as 1 and 4) and a silver falcon with a red hood on a blue background (coat of arms field 2, or as well as 2 and 3).
  • The silver shovel on a red background (coat of arms 1 and 4) and silver swans on a blue background (coat of arms 2 and 3). The swan stands for the Vredenhof estate , where the family had the manorial privilege to breed swans.

From 1610 the Vrijheern der Hohen Herrlichkeit Zuid-Polsbroek used three red diamonds on gold as a heart shield , which stands for the Hohe Herrlichkeit Zuid-Polsbroek.

From 1678 onwards, as Lords of the High Glory of Purmerland-Ilpendam, they carried a silver goose on a blue field (coat of arms 2 and 3) instead of the falcon or the swans. The heart shield is again that of the high glory Zuid-Polsbroek.

The extinct imperial knightly branch († 1678 or 1738 in female line) shows the following coat of arms : silver spades hung with foliage crowns on fields 1 and 2 and the silver swan on blue on fields 1 and 4.

The coat of arms of the line belonging to the New Dutch Nobility from 1885 is described as follows: Quartered: 1 and 4 in red and a silver spade placed on it; 2 and 3 in blue a red covered and standing silver swan. Blue-rimmed crowned helmet, with a silver helmet, with silver-red helmet covers . Helmet covers: the silver spade standing on the crown, the helmet with three natural peacock feathers. Shield holder : two red-capped and upright silver swans with open wings pointing downwards, the beaks open . Motto : Mora sceptra ligonibus aequat .

  • Family coat of arms (shovel and falcon)

  • De Graeff coat of arms in the 17th century (shovel and swans)

  • Coat of arms as Vrijheeren von Zuid-Polsbroek from 1610-1870 (shovel, swans and diamonds)

  • Imperial knightly coat of arms of Andries de Graeff and his son Cornelis from 1677 (shovel and swans)

  • Coat of arms as Vrijheeren of Zuid-Polsbroek and as Vrijheeren or Lords of Purmerland and Ilpendam from 1610 / 1678-1870 (shovel, geese and diamonds)

  • Coat of arms after being awarded the Jonkheer title , 1885 (spades and swans)

Family relationships

Such linked the De Graeff dynasty with other Amsterdam regent families such as the Bicker , Boelens Loen , Hooft , Pauw , Deutz van Assendelft , De Hochepied , Trip or the Dordrecht De Witt . The De Graeff family also took advantage of these in the course of the 17th century to gain political office and influence. Other connections led her to the Van Egmond van de Nijenburg from Alkmaar, the Van Voorst tot Voorst , the Van der Does and the Utrecht regents Van Veldhuyzen . Other related families were the Huydecoper van Maarsseveen , Van Foreest and the Van Hogendorp .

During the 18th century, the De Graeffs entered into marital relations with the De Petersen , Van Herzeele , Lestevenon , Sautijn and the Van Brienen van Ramerus . Further relationships led them to the Boreel , Clifford and the Lampsins , formerly barons of Tobago .

In the 19th century, when many of the old patrician families had died out, the De Graeffs married various families from industrial and urban backgrounds. At the beginning of the 20th century, this tendency changed so that the De Graeff family reunited with the noble families of the country, such as the Loudon , Van Lennep , Van den Bosch or the Van der Wijck .

Oude Kerk family burial site

In 1648 Cornelis de Graeff bought the burial ground in the Amsterdam Oude Kerk for himself and his descendants. The coats of arms of Cornelis and his wife Catharina Hooft are placed in the middle of the stained glass windows of the De Graeff baptistery . In the 18th century the tomb was adorned with two more large-format coats of arms. The older one is that of Arnoldina de Graeff , Baroness van Voorst tot Hagenvoorde van Bergentheim , the other that of Jacob Baron de Petersen , a close relative of the De Graeffs. In the course of the 19th century the burial place went out of use. After the separation of church and state in 1810, the church masters of the Oude Kerk approached the De Graeff family several times to get their family items and papers from the tomb. Since this was not done, these pieces were lost. Between 1994 and 1998 the tomb was restored and searched for hidden documents pertaining to the De Graeff family.

Family archive

The documents and genealogical documents relating to the De Graeff family, most of which were compiled by Pieter de Graeff in the middle of the 17th century, were stored in a family archive in 1906 by the brothers Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek , Gijsbert Carel Rutger Reinier De Graeff and Frederik Lodewijk De Graeff City archives Amsterdam kept.

The Hague Line

Other lines and branches, also from the Amsterdam trunk line , are scattered throughout the Netherlands, such as the Den Haager Linie . This came from the important diplomat Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek (1833-1916), a son of Gerrit IV de Graeff. Dirk's son was Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff , diplomat, minister and governor-general, who was able to continue the politically active and successful tradition of his family in the 20th century. Various family members also worked in engineering, in the water authorities, as state inspectors and commissioners, directors, in court service at the Dutch royal court and as financial and company managers. Representing this are Dirk Georg de Graeff and January Jaap de Graeff perform.

South African line

From Gerrit Arnold Theodoor de Graeff (* 1831), a brother of Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek, from the Amsterdam line , a line that is still flourishing today arose in South Africa .

family members

Master list (extract)

Amsterdam line based on Pieter Graeff

The lords of Zuid-Polsbroek, Purmerland and Ilpendam

  • Jakob Dircksz de Graeff (1571–1638)
    • Cornelis de Graeff (1599–1664)
      • Pieter de Graeff (1638–1707)
        • Agneta de Graeff
        • Cornelis de Graeff (1671-1719)
        • Johan de Graeff (1673-1714)
          • Jacoba Adriana de Graeff (1710-1745)
          • Gerrit de Graeff (1711–1752)
            • Geertruid Joanna de Graeff (1740–1801)
            • Gerrit II de Graeff (1741-1811)
              • Gerrit III de Graeff (1766-1814)
                • Christina Elisabeth de Graeff (* 1795)
                • Gerrit IV de Graeff (1797-1870)
                  • Gerrit Arnold Theodoor de Graeff (* 1831) → founded a branch in South Africa
                    • Carolina Agnes Maria de Graeff van Polsbroek (* 1855)
                    • Gerrit V de Graeff van Polsbroek (* 1856)
                    • Henry George de Graeff van Polsbroek (1858–1941)
                      • Augusta Eustace de Graeff van Polsbroek
                      • Geraldine de Graeff van Polsbroek
                      • Theodore Lawrence Henry de Graeff van Polsbroek
                    • Agnes Margaretha de Gaeff van Polsbroek (1859-1935)
                    • Joseph de Graeff van Polsbroek (* 1861)
                    • Emeli Gertrude de Graeff van Polsbroek (* 1862)
                  • Carolina Frederica Christina de Graeff (* 1832)
                  • Pieter de Graeff
                  • Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek (1833–1916) → Descendants: The Hague Branch (see below)
                  • Frederik Lodewijk de Graeff (* 1837)
                    • Johann Carolina Frederik de Graeff (* 1868)
                    • Emilie Maria Henriette de Graeff (* 1872)
                  • Gijsbert Carel Rutger Reinier de Graeff (* 1838)
                    • Willem Carel Dirk de Graeff (* 1868)
                    • Frederika Maria Cornelia de Graeff (* 1870)
                    • Carolina Albertina Azora Cosmopolita de Graeff (* 1872)
                    • Gijsbert Carel Rutger Reinier de Graeff (* 1876)
                • Anna Margaretha de Graeff (1798-1824)
                • Cornelia Maria de Graeff (1800–1876)
              • Geertruid Elisabeth de Graeff (1776-1857)
            • Elisabeth Jacoba de Graeff (1751–1802)
          • Alida Johanna de Graeff (1713–1757)
        • Agneta de Graeff
      • Jacob de Graeff (1642–1690)
    • Dirk de Graeff (1601–1637)
    • Agneta de Graeff van Polsbroek (1603-1656)
    • Hendrik de Graeff (* 1605)
    • Wendela de Graeff (1607-1652)
    • Christina de Graeff (1609–1679)
    • Andries de Graeff (1611–1678)
      • Cornelis de Graeff (1650–1678)
      • Alida de Graeff (1651-1738)
      • Arnoldina (Aertje) de Graeff (1652–1703)

The Hague Branch

  • Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek (1833-1916)
    • Pieter de Graeff (1861–1909)
    • Anna Carolina de Graeff (* 1871)
    • Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff (1872–1957)
      • Anne Maria (Marianne) de Graeff (1904-2003)
      • Bonne Elisabeth Constance Wilhelmine de Graeff
      • Jacob de Graeff (* 1921)
    • Géorg de Graeff (1873-1954)
      • Dirk Georg de Graeff (1905–1986)
      • Herman Jacob de Graeff (1907–1978)
      • Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff (* 1909)
    • Jacob de Graeff (1875-1963)
    • Carolina Frederika Christina de Graeff (* 1877)
    • Cornelis de Graeff (1881–1956)

Second Amsterdam , Alblasserdamer, Delft branch and the rest of Holland

  • Jacob Jansz Graeff († approx. 1580) → descendants
    • Stijntje Jacobsdr Graeff
    • Jan Jacobsz Graeff (* around 1570/75)
      • Claes Jansz Graeff
      • Adriana Jansdr Graeff († after 1640)
      • Maria Jansdr Graeff
      • Cornelis Jansz (de) Graeff
        • Catharina Cornelisdr (de) Graeff
        • Pieter Cornelisz (de) Graeff († 1679)
        • Jan Cornelisz (de) Graeff
          • Cornelis Jansz de Graeff
            • Catharina Cornelisdr de Graeff
            • Pieter Cornelisz de Graeff († 1693)
            • Jan Cornelisz de Graeff
              • Cornelis Jansz de Graeff
              • Jacob Jansz de Graeff
              • Cornelis Jansz de Graeff
              • Jan Jansz de Graeff
              • Cornelis Jansz de Graeff
              • Maria Jansdr de Graeff
              • Alida Jansdr de Graeff
              • Cornelis Jansz de Graeff
              • Alida Jansdr de Graeff
              • Hendrica Jansdr de Graeff
              • Pieter Jansz de Graeff
                • Jan de Graeff († 1751) → unknown descendants
                • Pieter de Graeff († 1760) → unknown descendants
              • Jan Jansz de Graeff
            • Apollonia Cornelisdr de Graeff
          • Jacob Jansz de Graeff
          • Cornelis Jansz de Graeff
          • Pieter Jansz de Graeff
            • Pieter de Graeff
              • Joannis de Graeff
          • Jan Jansz de Graeff
    • Claes Jacobsz Graeff
    • Adriaan Jacobsz Graeff (illegitimate son) → descendants

Short biographies

Jan Pietersz Graeff

Jan Pietersz (before 1512–1553), son of Pieter Graeff and Griet Pietersdr Berents, was a Dutch cloth merchant and a member of the Amsterdam city government. He was married to Stein Braseman , with whom he had five children: Pieter Jansz Graeff († before 1547) ∞ Maria Jacobsdr Dobbens; Lenaert Jansz de Graeff (around 1530/35 – before 1578), Diederik Jansz Graeff (1532–1589), Cornelis Pieter Jansz Graeff (unmarried) and Jacob Jansz Graeff († after 1580) ∞ Geertge Claes Coppensdr van Ouder Amstel.

Jan lived in a town house on Damrak , the "Huis De Keyser" (named after the "Keizerskroon" attached outside the building). There he ran a flourishing cloth trade. In 1539 he was named as their guild master. Jan also conducted his trade in Antwerp , the former staging area for English linen. When Jan wanted to establish himself as a trader in North Brabant , his sons intervened for his early return to Amsterdam. There he was named a member of the patrician city government. He fulfilled his function as Vroedschap in 1542 and the post of Schepen the following year . Due to his work in the city government, the De Graeff family was one of the few genders who sat in government before and after the Alteratie of Amsterdam . The poet and poet Joost van den Vondel called Jan in his verse Aen den hooghedelen heer Pieter de Graef , vryheer van Zuitpolsbroek, op den oorsprongk van het geslagt der graven "the brave". Vondel also considered him in his lackluster poem .

Lenaert Jansz de Graeff

Lenaert Jansz (approx. 1525/30 – before 1578), son of Jan Pietersz Graeff and the Stein Braseman, was a wealthy trader, member and "supporter" of the Amsterdam Reformed , as well as a friend and military adjutant of the "Great Geusen" Heinrich von Brederode . According to family tradition, Lenaert Janz is identical to "Monseigneur de Graeff". He was involved in the conquest of Brielle in 1572 as the captain of the Wassergeusen . The fact that Lenaert Jansz and that captain are identical is historically an unreliable statement.

Dirck Jansz Graeff

Dirck Jansz (1532–1589), son of Jan Pietersz Graeff and the stone Braseman, was a wealthy trader, shipowner and politician. In 1578 he became the first ruling Amsterdam mayor from the House of De Graeff and thus laid the foundation for one of the great regent dynasties of the Dutch Golden Age . He was also friends with William of Orange (William the Silent) . In the years 1584/1585 Dirck Jansz was the richest inhabitant of Amsterdam with a fortune of 140,000 guilders .

Jakob Dircksz de Graeff

Jakob Dircksz (1571–1638), son of Diederik Jansz Graeff and Agnes Pietersdr van Neck, was Vrijheer of the High Glory Zuid-Polsbroek , as a fiefdom of the city of Amsterdam Ambachtsherr von Amstelveen , Nieuwer-Amstel, Sloten , Sloterdijk and Osdorp , mayor and Regent of Amsterdam and inventor of a perpetual motion machine . Jacob Dircksz was known for his free-thinking , republican attitude but also for his addiction to fame . Together with his nephew Andries Bicker, he advocated the recognition of the protestors in Amsterdam. After the political end of Reinier Pauw , the leadership of the city government came into the hands of the Armenian clique around De Graeff and Bicker. This gave new impetus to the republican state party , which had been weakened since the murder of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt .

Pieter Dircksz Graeff

Pieter Dircksz (1573–1645), son of Diederik Jansz Graeff and Agnes Pietersdr van Neck, was lord of Engelenburg and member of the Vroedschap of the city of Amsterdam.

In 1613 Pieter Dircksz traveled to Palestine and visited the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. He also spent part of this trip in the company of the Swiss surgeon and Egypt traveler Hans Jakob Ammann . On April 13, 1613, he received a document from the Franciscan Angelus a Messana about his visit to Jerusalem. That document is now in the Amsterdam family archive and describes the places where Pieter Dircksz stayed during his pilgrimage; the tomb of Jesus Christ, Bethlehem , the river Jordan, the Calvary where Jesus was crucified and various places of Mary and John the Baptist. Pieter Dircksz was the only member of his family who, contrary to the Protestant faith, was devoted to Catholicism.

After his return he lived in a house on the Fluweelenburgwal , became a member of the city government and in 1620 he bought the property as master of the glory of Engelenburg. Pieter Dircksz remained unmarried throughout his life. His heir was his nephew Jacob Bicker (married to Christina de Graeff 1609–1679).

  • The document of Pieter Dirck Graeff's pilgrimage to Jerusalem

Cornelis de Graeff

Cornelis (1599–1664), son of Jakob Dircksz de Graeff and Aaltje Boelens Loen , was Vrijheer of the High Glory of Zuid-Polsbroek, Lord of the Castle of Ilpenstein and as fiefdom of the city of Amsterdam Ambachtsherr von Sloten, Nieuwer-Amstel and Amstelveen. Cornelis was considered the most influential regent and mayor of Amsterdam during the Golden Age. Furthermore, he was also one of the most important art collectors and patrons of his time.

Between 1643 and 1663, Cornelis was ten times ruling mayor, State Councilor of the Netherlands ( States General ), and President of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). During his reign he worked closely with his nephew Johan de Witt , the council pensioner of the Republic of the United Netherlands. Until his death in 1664, Cornellis was the absolute ruler of the city of Amsterdam, the republican center of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Cornelis not only had the interests of the latter in mind, but also those of Holland and the political balance with the other provinces.

Dirk de Graeff

Dirk (1601–1637), son of Jakob Dircksz de Graeff and Aaltje Boelens Loen, completed his law studies with a doctorate . 1626 he undertook with his brother Cornelis Willem Nooms, Mr. van Aarlanderveen (he was the father of an illegitimate named Margaretha, which he shared with Dirk's sister Wendela had) an extended Grand Tour , which this for Paris , Orleans , Blois , Nantes , La Rochelle , Poitiers and in 1628 again brought to the capital. There they were received in a friendly manner by the Swedish ambassador at the time, Hugo de Groot ( Latinized Hugo Grotius). In the same year the three young men returned to their hometown via Flanders .

  • Wedding portrait of Dirk de Graeff, painted by Nicolaes Eliaszoon Pickenoy (1630)

  • Wedding portrait of Eva Bicker (1609–1665), painted by Pickenoy

  • Dirk de Graeff

In 1631 Dirk was appointed commissioner for the city of Amsterdam; in the following year as Schepen and Vroedschap in the government of the same. He was married to Eva Bicker who, as a childless widow, married Frederik Alewijn after his death . Dirk was portrayed in 1633 as a lieutenant in the civil guard (Schutters van de compagnie van kapitein Jacob Symonsz de Vries en luitenant Dirck de Graeff) by Thomas de Keyser . There is also a portrait of him by an unknown artist.

Riflemen of the company of Captain Jacob Symonsz de Vries (seated right) and Lieutenant Dirck de Graeff (seated left), painted by Thomas de Keyser

Agneta de Graeff van Polsbroek

Agneta (1603–1656) was the daughter of Jakob Dircksz de Graeff and Aaltje Boelens Loen. In 1625 she married the Amsterdam regent Johan Bicker . From this marriage came u. a. two daughters; Wendela Bicker, who married the Dutch pensioner Johan de Witt and Jacoba Bicker, who married her cousin Pieter de Graeff . The couple Agneta and Johan Bicker lived in a town house on Amsterdam's Herengracht and various country houses such as De Eult in Baarn , Akerendam and Duynwijck in Beverwijk . Inside they owned an island, the so-called Bickerseiland . In 1663 Wallerant Vaillant created two portraits of Agneta and her husband, who had already passed away . The couple's grave is in the Westerkerk in Amsterdam .

Hendrik de Graeff

Hendrik (* 1605), son of Jakob Dircksz de Graeff and Aaltje Boelens Loen, could possibly be the connecting person between the De Graeff family and the De Graeff (De Graaf) family from Schoonhoven , who also included the important doctor and researcher Reinier de Graaf (Reinier de Graeff) belonged to.

There are various life reports about Hendrik; on the one hand he is said to have died at the age of 17, on the other hand he wrote writings and poems in 1671 (at the age of 66). He is said to have had two sons. Hendrik was a well-known author of plays. In 1665 he translated Calderón's comedy Lances de amor y fortuna into Dutch. Later on, Hendrik's translation was used as a template for the performances of the traveling theater of Johannes Velten .

Wendela de Graeff

Wendela (1607-1652) was portrayed by Rembrandt as Joseph's wife Asnath in Rembrandt 's Jakobssegen (Jacob blesses the sons of Joseph) .

Andries de Graeff

Imperial Knight Andries (1611–1678), son of Jakob Dircksz de Graeff and Aaltje Boelens Loen , was an important regent and mayor of Amsterdam in the Golden Age. Andries had appeared as a fiefdom recipient of the city of Amsterdam as ambassador of Urk and Emmeloord . Furthermore, he was considered one of the most important Dutch art collectors and patrons of his time. During the first period without governor he was one of the most influential regents of the republic together with his brother Cornelis de Graeff . After his brother's death, Andries was considered one of the leaders of the Republican party of Holland and a vehement opponent of the political ambitions of the House of Orange .

In 1677 Andries and his son Cornelis received the result of the assumed descent from the family of trench (stone) by Emperor Leopold I the kingdom knighthood awarded. With the death of their son and father in the following year, the imperial knightly branch De Graeff also died out.

Pieter de Graeff

Pieter (1638–1707), son of Cornelis de Graeff, was Vrijheer von Zuid-Polsbroek, Lord of Purmerland and Ilpendam, member of the government of Amsterdam, a trusted councilor of Johan de Witt and one of the heads of the Dutch East India Company (among others) .

Jacob de Graeff

Jacob (1642–1690), son of Cornelis de Graeff, was lord of Purmerland and Ilpendam, one of the cornerstones of the Amsterdam Paleis op de Dam and a member of the Amsterdam city parliament (among others).

Cornelis de Graeff (1650–1678)

Cornelis de Graeff in 1673, painted by Gerard ter Borch

Imperial knight Cornelis (1650–1678) was hoofdingeland from the Zijpe - and Hazepolder. He was born the son of Andries de Graeff and Elisabeth Bicker van Swieten .

Cornelis grew up in The Hague, where his father held the post of rekenmeester of the grafelijke domeinen of the states of Holland and West Friesland. After studying law at the University of Leiden , he married Agneta Deutz (1657–1678) in 1675 . There were three children from this connection, but all of them died before 1678. The couple lived in their father's city palace in Gouden Bocht on Amsterdam's Herengracht , the Huis van der Graeff . In addition to the painting by Gerard ter Borch , Cornelis was also portrayed by Jürgen Ovens . The following is noted about the Terborch painting in the German-language guide of the Mauritshuis Museum : The painting depicting Cornelis ended up in The Hague via the Douairiere van Lennep-Deutz van Assendelft collection in The Hague at the beginning of the 20th century. In a German-language book the description of the picture reads: This portrait of the 24-year-old son of Amsterdam Mayor De Graeff is also set against a plain background. The red velvet tablecloth is the only warm tone; the feathers of the black hat stick out snow-white from it. The young "Regentensohn", a descendant of one of the most famous Amsterdam families, wears a black velvet skirt according to the latest French fashion, from which the shirt sleeves, which are trimmed with a lace hem, protrude puffily. In his left hand he holds a walking stick with a silver knob. He has affected the right hand and propped it coquettishly on the side. It is a fashionable portrait, but refined and reserved, in which Ter Borch's refined taste has happily combined with the wishes of his clients .

1677 received Cornelis and his father Von Graben (of stone) by Emperor based on the assumed descent from the family of Leopold I the kingdom knighthood awarded. A year later, the couple died of food poisoning that they contracted at the banquet on the occasion of the peace of Nijmegen . Cornelis and his wife Agneta were buried in the family grave in the Oude Kerk . With the death of their son and father in the same year, the imperial knightly branch De Graeff also died out. His sister Alida, Vrijvrouwe of the High Glory Jaarsveld , appeared as heir to the childless Cornelis .

Alida de Graeff

Alida (1651–1738), daughter of Andries de Graeff and Elisabeth Bicker van Swieten, was Vrijvrouwe of the High Glory Jaarsveld.

In 1678 she married Diederik (Theodorus) van Veldhuyzen , Lord von Heemstede, President and Councilor of the States of Utrecht. There were no children from this marriage. In the same year she inherited the Huis van der Graeff in Gouden Bocht from her father. The couple subsequently moved to The Hague . In 1680 the couple acquired Heemstede and Heemstede Castle . Here they laid out a baroque garden and had the interior of the palace refined by Daniel Marot in the Louis XIV style.

  • Jaarsveld Castle

  • View of Heemstede Castle with its baroque gardens

Arnoldina de Graeff

Arnoldina (Aertje) (1652–1703), daughter of Andries de Graeff and Elisabeth Bicker van Swieten, was Vrijvrouwe von Jaarsveld. She was dead with Transisalanus Adolphus Baron van Voorst, Hagenvoorde van Bergentheim , Vrijheer von Jaarsveld, member of the knighthood of Holland, court master of Wilhelm III. and lieutenant governor of Gorinchem, married.

Cornelis de Graeff (1671-1719)

Cornelis (1671–1719), son of Pieter de Graeff and Jacoba Bicker, was Lord of Purmerland and Ilpendam and a canon in the cathedral chapter of Saint Pieter in Utrecht.

Cornelis doctorate at the University of Leiden to the Master of Laws . Insane, he had been under guardianship since his father's death in 1707 . He bequeathed a rich art collection to his heirs.

Johan de Graeff

Johan de Graeff

Johan (1673–1714), son of Pieter de Graeff and Jacoba Bicker, was Vrijheer von Zuid-Polsbroek and a regent of Amsterdam.

After studying law in Leiden, he married Johanna Hooft (1678–1738). This connection had three children. In 1709 he was admitted to the Vroedschap and appointed Schepen of the city of Amsterdam.

Gerrit de Graeff

Gerrit de Graeff (Portraits by an Unknown Artist)
Elisabeth Lestevenon

Gerrit (1711–1752), son of the previous one, was Vrijheer of the High Glory of Zuid-Polsbroek , Heer (also known as Vrijheer) and the High Glory of Purmerland and Ilpendam . He was known throughout his life for his wealth and stinginess .

In 1736 he was appointed one of the directors of the Dutch East India Company . The following year he was appointed one of the leaders of the Dutch West India Company . Gerrit was married twice (first to Maria Elisabeth Sautijn (1709–1736) and then to Elisabeth Lestevenon (1716–1766)) and had three children reaching adulthood. He was able to enter the Amsterdam city government in 1739 as Schepen . In 1742 his annual income was estimated at 20,000 to 22,000 guilders . Gerrit held other offices as a member of the Amsterdam Vroedschap , captain of the civil guard , commissioner of t 'Zandpad in the Noorderkwartier and between the years 1748 and 1752 as one of the directors of the Suriname law firm .

Between the years 1738 and 1749 Gerrit sold various masterpieces of Dutch painting depicting his ancestors to the Hamburg art dealer Anthony Rutgers. This also applies to Rembrandt's painting of Andries de Graeff and the Blessing of Jacob , which the art dealer sold to Landgrave Wilhelm VIII of Hessen-Kassel , who used it to furnish his picture gallery at Wilhelmshöhe Palace . Furthermore, Gerrit was in possession of the Frans Hals painting Catharina Hooft with her nurse . Gerrit had been unpopular as a cynical aristocrat all his life, so Jacob Bicker Raye had written nothing flattering in his diary about De Graeff's death after a long illness.

Gerrit II de Graeff

Gerrit (1741-1811), son of the previous one, was Vrijheer von Zuid-Polsbroek, lord of Purmerland and Ilpendam. Gerrit was related through his father's marriages to Mattheus Lestevenon and Apollonius Jan Cornelis Lampsins , Baron of Tobago . He studied at the University of Leiden. In 1785 he married Christina van Herzeele , with whom he had two children; Gerrit III de Graeff and Geertruid Elisabeth de Graeff (1776–1857), who was married to Gijsbert Carel Rutger Reinier van Brienen van Ramerus (1771–1821).

Gerrit was a Remonstrant and patriotic politician standing in the tradition of the regents of the 17th century. Between 1762 and 1787 he fulfilled various government functions in Amsterdam, including Vroedschap, Schepen, councilor and commissioner. In 1787 - after the invasion of the Prussian troops in the Netherlands and the reinstatement of the heir Wilhelm V of Orange - he was excluded from the city government together with Hendrik Hooft due to his convictions . After the invasion of the French troops and the establishment of the Batavian Republic , Gerrit was again accepted into the city government in 1795. In 1799 he was appointed a member of the government council Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam . In 1803 he was named Wethouder of Amsterdam.

Gerrit III de Graeff

Gerrit (1766-1814), son of the previous one, was Vrijheer from Zuid-Polsbroek and lord (also called Vrijheer) from Purmerland and Ilpendam.

Gerrit IV de Graeff

Gerrit (1797-1870), son of the previous one, was Vrijheer Zuid-Polsbroek, Purmerland and Ilpendam, a manufacturer and a member of the Amsterdam municipal council. From his marriage to Carolina Ursulina Stephania Engels (1799–1864) there were four children. In 1833 he was named as a deacon of the Reformed Church in Amsterdam. church a

Gerrit Arnold Theodoor de Graeff

Gerrit Arnold Theodoor (* 1831), son of the previous one, emigrated to South Africa in 1850 and founded a family branch there. In 1834, when he was a child, he laid the first stone of the new building for the Polsbroek Reformed Church .

Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek

Year Dirk (1833–1916), son of Gerrit IV de Graeff, was a diplomat and Dutch consul general and “Minister-Resident” in Japan. There he played an important role as councilor of the Japanese emperor Meiji in negotiations with various western states (among others).

Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff

Year Andries Cornelis Dirk (1872–1958), son of Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek, was a diplomat, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies and Dutch Foreign Minister (among others).

Dirk Georg de Graeff

Year Dirk Georg de Graeff (1905–1986), son of Géorg de Graeff and Lidia Christine Adelaide Dijckmeester, was married to Wendela Johanna Leonia Hooft . Dirk Georg was chamberlain and master of ceremonies for the Dutch queens Wilhelmina and Juliana . He also worked as an agent for the Dutch trading company . In 1964 he was director of Twentsche Bank , and then managing director of Algemene Bank Nederland . In 1970 Dirk Georg received the Order of Orange-Nassau .

Jan Jaap de Graeff

Jan Jaap (* 1949) is the son of Jacob de Graeff (* 1921) and Johanna HA Bijl de Vroe (* 1926). He is director of the Dutch natural monuments and since the beginning of 2011 Chamberlain to Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands . Between 1994 and 2003 Jan Jaap was dikemaster of the Hoogheemraadschap von Schieland , chairman of the Union for Water Authorities and is actively involved in the conservation of the polder landscape . He lives in the old patrician seat of Schaep en Burgh in 's-Graveland .

Jan Jacobsz Graeff

Jan Jacobs granddaughter Ida Coetenburg († 1679), daughter of Reynier Adriaansz Coetenburgh and Adriana Jansdr Graeff, married Jordaen Pietersz Stoop

Jan Jacobsz (* Alblasserdam , 1570/75) was a son of Jacob Jansz Graeff († approx. 1580), a son of Jan Pietersz Graeff , and Geertge Claes Coppensdr van Ouder Amstel. Jan Jacobsz was a member of the Zijpe Water Association as a Hoogheemraad . He was married to Trijn Simons Comans († 1613) with whom he fathered five children; Adriana Jans Graeff († after 1640) married Reynier Adriaansz Coetenburgh († 1633), a senior member of the Dutch dyke administration and Schepen von Alkmaar . Cornelis Jansz Graeff married Adriana Jansdr Pauw (daughter of the mayor Alkmaaer January Pauw ) and later Maria van der Veen. His descendants were linked to the families of Van Egmond van de Nijenburg , Boelens Loen , Van Foreest , Bardes and Cromhout , among others .

Albert Claesz de Graeff

Albert Claesz (* around 1620), son of Claes Jansz Graeff and grandson of the previous one, was a Dutch naval officer and rear admiral (Dutch: Schout-bij-Nacht ). Albert Claesz, who was in the service of the Admiralty of Amsterdam , had participated in the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654) and the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667) as a Schout-bij-Nacht under Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam . As such, he was involved in the costly naval battle at Lowestoft .

Literature (selection)

  • P. de Graeff (P. Gerritsz de Graeff and Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek ): Genealogy of the family De Graeff van Polsbroek. Amsterdam 1882.
  • JH de Bruijn: Genealogy van het geslacht De Graeff van Polsbroek 1529/1827. De Bilt, 1962-63.
  • WJCC Bijleveld: De Herkomst of the De Graeff family. In: Nederlandsch Archief voor Genealogie en Heraldik. 1938-1939.
  • WH Croockewit: Genealogy van het geslacht 'de Graeff'; seed gesteld uitsluitend uit Gegevens uit het Archief dier Familie. In: De Nederlandsche Leeuw. Volume 16, 1898.
  • Elias: De Vroedschap van Amsterdam 1578–1795 . 1904.
  • SAC Dudok van Heel: Van Amsterdamse burgers dead Europese aristocrats. Volume 2, 2008.
  • Jonathan Israel : The dutch Republic - It's Rise, Greatness, and Fall - 1477-1806. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-820734-4 .
  • SAC Dudok van Heel: Op zoek naar Romulus & Remus. A zeventiende-eeuws onderzoek naar de oudste magistraten van Amsterdam. In: Jaarboek Amstelodamum. 1995, pp. 43-70.
  • Kees Zandvliet : De 250 rijksten van de Gouden Eeuw - capital, power, family en levensstijl. Nieuw Amsterdam Uitgevers, Amsterdam 2006.
  • P. Burke: Venice and Amsterdam. A study of seventeenth-century élites. 1994.

Web links

Commons : De Graeff  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Those depicted are: Cornelis de Graeff , his wife Catharina Hooft , their two sons Pieter and Jacob de Graeff ; the standing figures represent from left to right Willem Schrijver, Pieter Trip and Corneli's younger brother Andries de Graeff
  2. ↑ a b c d Triumph of Peace ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (en) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.triomfdervrede.nl
  3. ↑ a b c d The German Herald: magazine for coat of arms, seal u. Family Studies, Volume 3, News about the de Graeff Family
  4. ↑ a b Nederlands adelsboek 1914, p. 14
  5. ↑ a b c Article about the De Graeff family in the Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek (DBNL), Deel 2 (nl)
  6. ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Van Amsterdamse burgers dead Europese aristocrats . Volume 2, 2008, p. 974.
  7. ^ Family tree of Jan Pieterszoon (de) Graeff
  8. ↑ a b Nieuw Nederlandsch biographical woordenboek. Deel 2: Jan Pietersz Graeff
  9. ↑ a b Lenaert Jansz de Graeff in the DBNL
  10. ↑ De Graeff (Monseigneur de Graeff van Brugge) in the "DBNL"
  11. ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Van Amsterdamse burgers dead Europese aristocrats. Volume 2, 2008, p. 974.
  12. ^ IH Eeghen: De restauratie van Herengracht 77. In: Maandblad Genootschap Amstelodamum (1968) p. 235.
  13. ↑ alblasserdam.net. Column by Hennie van der Zouw, Wat heeft Alblasserdammer Jan Jacobsz de Graeff met Paleis Soestdijk te maken?
  14. ↑ Genealogy Reinier de Graaf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.klaaskolijnnet.nl  
  15. ↑ De Leeuw Neederlandse, 1898, Genealogy van het geslacht "De Graeff," p 131
  16. ↑ Armorial de JB Rietstap. De Graaff (De Graeff) in Prusse (Preussen, Germany)
  17. ^ Rietstap book of arms
  18. ^ Rietstap book of arms
  19. ↑ Armorial de JB Rietstap. De Graaff (De Graeff) in Prusse (Preussen, Germany)
  20. ↑ Joost van den Vondel .: De werken van Vondel connected with zijn leven, en voorzien van… 12th volume. Binger, Amsterdam 1896, pp. 245 and 246 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  21. ↑ The German Herald: magazine for coat of arms, seal u. Family Studies , Volume 3, p. 91/92 (Berlin, 1872)
  22. ↑ The German Herald: magazine for coat of arms, seal u. Family Studies , Volume 3, p. 101 (Berlin, 1872)
  23. ↑ Google Book Search: The familial state: ruling families and merchant capitalism in early modern europe, p. 101. By Julia Adams
  24. ↑ Geert Mak, The Many Lives of Jan Six: History of an Amsterdam Dynasty
  25. ↑ Pieter C. Vies: Andries de Graeff (1611–1678) 't Gezagh is heerelyk: noch vol bekommeringen ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.7 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.triomfdervrede.nl
  26. ↑ Google Book Search: Geschiedenis van Holland , Part 2, Volume 2, by Eelco Beukers
  27. ↑ Andries de Graeff  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rijksmuseum.nl  
  28. ↑ Biography about Andries Bicker in the DBNL (nl)
  29. ↑ Horst Lademacher : History of the Netherlands . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1983. p. 117.
  30. ^ Geert Mak: Amsterdam. A brief life of the city. Harvill Press, 1999, p. 123.
  31. ^ Hajo Brugmans: Geschiedenis van Amsterdam . Deel III: Bloeitijd, 1621-1697. Amsterdam 1973, pp. 159-167.
  32. ↑ Amsterdam tijdens de Verenigde Provinciën en de Bataafse Republiek (De Graeff family in 1672)
  33. ↑ Google Book Search: Rembrandt's bankruptcy: the artist, his patrons, and the art market in Seventeenth-century Netherlands. Pp. 111-120.
  34. ↑ Dedalo Carasso: Heroes van het vaderland in the DBNL (nl)
  35. ↑ Joost van den Vondels (15871679) poem Bouwzang
  36. ↑ Jacob de Graeff's mother, Catharina Hooft in Vrouwen van Soestdijk ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.historisch-toerisme-bureau.nl
  37. ^ Rembrandt's Minerva in her Study of 1635 The Splendor and Wisdom
  38. ↑ Google Book Search: Israel, JI (1995) The Dutch Republic. P. 750.
  39. ↑ Briefwisseling Constantijn Huygens 1608–1687 (PDF; nl; 989 kB)
  40. ↑ DBNL Jaarboek van de Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde , 1936 (nl)
  41. ↑ Nierop: The nobility of Holland (1993), p 212ff.
  42. ↑ On the importance of the acquisition of glories for the aristocratization process of the urban patriciate using the example of Dordrecht see Eric Palmen: De politieke elite. In: Willem Frijhoff and others (eds.): Geschiedenis van Dordrecht. II, Verloren, Hilversum 1998, pp. 211-220, p. 218, on Holland in general and the shares of the nobility, clergy, bourgeoisie and peasantry in property Nierop: The nobility of Holland (1993), p. 96ff.
  43. ↑ For the history of Dutch glories see Johan Philip de Monté ver Loren: Hoofdlijnen uit de ontwikkeling der rechterlijke organisatie in de Noordelijke Nederlanden tot de Bataafse omwenteling. 5th edition. Kluwer, Deventer 2000, p. 172ff., On the distinction between lower and free / high glories p. 176.
  44. ↑ Het Utrechts Archief: Archief van de heerlijkheid zuid-polsbroek 1424–1914 ( Memento of the original from March 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Verwerving van de heerlijkheid en other goederen, no. 2, shows two items (an envelope and a certificate) with the date “1609, 1610”. The date September 18, 1610 is Croockewit: Genealogie van het geslacht de Graeff. P. 132, and Elias: De vroedschap van Amsterdam (1963), p. 266, taken. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hetutrechtsarchief.nl
  45. ↑ JL van der Gouw: Korte geschiedenis van de border van de provincie Zuid-Holland (1963), chap. III: De definitieve vorm van het graafschap (1300–1795)
  46. ↑ Pieter C. Vies: Andries de Graeff (1611–1678) 't Gezagh is heerelyk: but vol bekommeringen, pp. 21–23. ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.7 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.triomfdervrede.nl
  47. ^ Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 2, biography of Dirk Jansz Graeff
  48. ↑ Geert Mak, The Many Lives of Jan Six: History of an Amsterdam Dynasty : Geert Mak, The Many Lives of Jan Six: History of an Amsterdam Dynasty
  49. ↑ Nederland's Patriciaat, Volume 2, 1911, p. 171; Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek was the first of his line since Andries de Graeff and his son Cornelis in 1677, who was awarded and was allowed to lead a noble title.
  50. ↑ Google book search: De werken van Vondel associated with zijn leven, en voorzien van ... By Joost van den Vondel, pp. 245 and 246
  51. ↑ Imperial Knight's Diploma of July 19, 1677 for Andries de Graeff and his son Cornelis ( Austrian State Archives , Vienna)
  52. ↑ Nederland's adelsboek 1914 (14 - De Graeff) ( archive.org )
  53. ↑ Jaarboek 69 - Amstelodamum. De doopkapel van de Oude kerk (pp. 17-21)
  54. ↑ De Oude Kerk - Family Earl De Graeff | graf-van-de-maand ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oudekerk.nl
  55. ^ De Graeff family archives in the Amsterdam City Archives
  56. ↑ Google Book Search: Nederland's patriciaat (1911), Volume 2
  57. ↑ Persoonlijke against Jan Pieterszoon de Graeff
  58. ↑ Vondels vers Aen den hooghedelen heer Pieter de Graef, vryheer van Zuitpolsbroek, op den oorsprongk van het geslagt der graven
  59. ^ G. van Enst Koning: Het Huis te Ilpendam en deszelfs voornaamste Bezitters. P. 325.
  60. ↑ Tear into the Promised Land… Hardmeyer, Zurich 1618 ( online ).
  61. ↑ Stadsarchief Amsterdam: Archief van de familie De Graeff  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl  
  62. ↑ Biography about his father Diederik Jansz in the DBNL
  63. ^ Entry on Engelenburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute, accessed on September 7, 2016.
  64. ↑ Biography of Cornelis de Graeff in the Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek . Part 2
  65. ↑ Google Book Search: Amsterdam, In Zyne Opkomst, Aanwas, Geschiedenissen, Voorregten ..., Volume 3, p. 484. By Jan Wagenaar
  66. ↑ Google Book Search: De Gids, Volume 50, Parts 1-2, p. 335.
  67. ↑ Agneta de Graeff's painting in the Amsterdams Historisch Museum ( Memento of the original from March 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ahm.nl
  68. ↑ Genealogy Reinier de Graaf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.klaaskolijnnet.nl  
  69. ↑ Biography in Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid
  70. ↑ Biography in the Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden. Deel 7
  71. ↑ Biography in the Biographisch anthologically en critisch woordenboek der Nederduitsche Dichters. Deel 2 CAB-GYZ
  72. ↑ Google Book Search: Francois le Metel de Boisrobert as a playwright and imitator of the Spanish drama: I. Die Tragikomodien, p. 157.
  73. ↑ Google Book Search: Journal for Comparative Literature History, Volume 5, p. 193.
  74. ↑ Google Book Search: Studies on the Literature of the Seventeenth Century , edited by Gerhard Spellerberg and Hans Feger, p. 337.
  75. ↑ Biography about his father Andries in the DBNL
  76. ^ Dudok van Heel SAC: Het Maecenaat [Andries] de Graeff en Rembrandt, uit Genootschap Amsterlodamum. In: Maandblad Genootschap Amstelodamum. 1969, p. 150.
  77. ↑ HJ Zantkuijl: Alida de Graeff, 'Een greedy human' uit Genootschap Amstelodamum. In: Maandblad Genootschap Amstelodamum. 1983, pp. 25/26.
  78. ↑ Erik Jong: Nature and art: Dutch garden and landscape architecture, 1650-1740. P. 69. (Google Book Search)
  79. ↑ Cornelis de Graeff in Heren van Holland  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.herenvanholland.nl  
  80. ↑ a b Nederlands adelsboek 1914, p. 15
  81. ↑ Google Book Search: Vaderlandsche geographie, of Nieuwe tegenwoordige sta en ..., By Willem Albert Bachiene, Volume 1, Part 2, p. 722.
  82. ↑ Google Books: Aardrijkskundig Woordenboek der Nederlanden. From Abraham Jakob van der Aa: I - K, Volume 6, p. 117.
  83. ^ Biography of Gerrit de Graeff in the Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 2
  84. ↑ Het Huis te Ilpendam en deszelfs voornaamste Bezitters. P. 328.
  85. ↑ Gerrit de Graeff's biography on Heren van Holland ( Memento of the original from June 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.herenvanholland.nl
  86. ↑ Dudok van Heel SAC: Het Maecenaat De Graeff de Rembrandt. In: Maandblad Genootschap Amstelodamum. 1969, p. 154.
  87. ^ Rembrandt pictures: the historical collection of the Kassel Gemäldegalerie
  88. ↑ Google Book Search: Frans Hals, p. 154.
  89. ↑ Jacob Bicker Raye. Digital library voor de Nederlandse letteren
  90. ^ Dagboek van Jacob Bicker Raye in the DBNL (De Graeff, November 10, 1752)
  91. ↑ Biography of Gerrit II de Graeff in the Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 2
  92. ↑ Genea net (Sautijn)
  93. ↑ Afgezette en benoemde regeringsleden van Hollandse steden 1787 ( Memento of the original of July 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / de-wit.net
  94. ↑ Google Book Search: Geschiedenis van Amsterdam, Deel 2
  95. ^ De Graeff in Heren van Holland
  96. ↑ Nederlands adelsboek 1914, p. 16
  97. ↑ Google Book Search: Nederland's patriciaat (1911), Volume 2
  98. ↑ Google book search: Werken van Vondel: in verband brought met zijn leven, Volume 5; By Joost van den Vondel and Jacob van Lennep, p. 782.
  99. ↑ Interview Nederland Prachtland: Jan Jaap de Graeff on YouTube
  100. ↑ Land van Morgen. Jan Jaap de Graeff, director of Natuurmonumenten  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.landvanmorgen.nl  
  101. ↑ Jan Jaap de Graeff, de directeur van Natuurmonumenten Staat in het blad Provincies with an interview over het Investeringsbudget Landelijk Gebied (ILG).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / plassennet.xs4all.nl  
  102. ↑ Interview with ir. Jan Jaap de Graeff, voorzitter Unie van Waterschappen over het toekomstige waterbeheer ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.waterforum-archief.net
  103. ^ De toekomst van het Nederlandse polderlandschap. ir. JJ de Graeff, Director of Natural Monuments
  104. ↑ Interview with Jan Jaap de Graeff, director Natuurmonumenten
  105. ↑ Reynier Adriaansz Coetenburgh in Roots Web
  106. ↑ Google book search: De vroedschap van Amsterdam, 1378–1795: met een inleidend woord van den archivaris der stad Amsterdam Mr. WR Veder, Volume 1, p. 63.
  107. ↑ RootsWeb: NL-Noord-Holland-L Re: (NH-genealogy) geslacht Van Foreest ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / listsearches.rootsweb.com
  108. ↑ Afstamming Dirk Jordensz van Foreest (Eerste Generatie) ( Memento of the original from January 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / robgomes.nl
  109. ↑ Google book search: De Teems in brant: een verzameling teksten en afbeeldingen rond de Tweede Engelse Zeeoorlog (1665–1667), p. 25. By Wim van Nispen