Uivar

Uivar Uiwar, Neuburg on the Bega Újvár Novo Selo
Basic data
State :	Romania
Historical region :	Banat
Circle :	Timiș
Coordinates :	45 ° 40 ′  N , 20 ° 54 ′  E Coordinates: 45 ° 39 ′ 31 ″  N , 20 ° 54 ′ 26 ″  E
Time zone :	EET ( UTC +2)
Height :	83  m
Area :	195.32  km²
Residents :	2,453 (October 20, 2011)
Population density :	13 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	307445
Telephone code :	(+40) 02 56
License plate :	TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type :	local community
Structure :	Uivar, Pustiniș , Răuți , Sânmartinu Maghiar
Mayor :	Gabriel Idvorianu ( PSD )
Postal address :	Str. Principală, no. 348 loc. Uivar, jud. Timiș, RO-307445
Website :	primariauivar.ro

Location of Uivar in Timiș County

Uivar ( German  Neuburg an der Bega , also Uiwar , Hungarian Újvár ) is a municipality in the Timiș district , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania . The administrative center of Uivar includes the villages of Pustiniș , Răuți and Sânmartinu Maghiar .

location

Uivar is located in the Banat Plain , on the border with Serbia , on the national road DN 59B, 42 kilometers away from Timișoara ( Timisoara ) and 30 kilometers from Jimbolia ( Hatzfeld ). The place is 83 meters above sea level. The Bega Canal limits the place in the southeast, in the north the Timișaț flows .

Neighboring places

Checea	Cenei	Răuți
Hetin		Parța
Pustiniș	Sânmartinu Sârbesc	Peciu Nou

Archaeological finds

On the edge of Uivar there is a settlement mound that dates to the late Neolithic of the Vinča culture and the early Copper Age of the Tiszapolgár culture . On the basis of a series of investigations using the C14 method , the most recent late Neolithic building horizon between 4940 and 4800 BC To be dated. In addition, remains from the Bronze Age , the older Iron Age , the Middle Ages and the early modern period were found. Research into the Tell of Uivar, which is a German-Romanian cooperation project between the Muzeul Banatului in Timişoara and the Institute for Prehistoric Archeology at the Free University of Berlin , began in 1998. Since 1999, digging has been carried out there regularly during the summer months.

The aim of the project is to conduct multidisciplinary research into the origin, development and decline of a late Neolithic tell settlement . In addition to the archaeological investigations, geomorphological , archaeozoological and archaeobotanical analyzes should provide information on the environment and the economy .

etymology

The place originally had the Hungarian name Újvár ( Neuburg ). At the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, the place had the official name Torontal Újvár , named after the former Torontál County in the Kingdom of Hungary .

After the Peace of Trianon in 1919, the village was annexed to Yugoslavia and received the Serbian name Novo Selo ( New Village ).

As a result of a border adjustment on January 24, 1924, the place was annexed to Romania. According to Romanian spelling, the place was now called Uivar and the train station Cetăţuia . However, the residents called their place Neuburg , so that the name Neuburg an der Bega was used in the Banat .

history

Uivar was first mentioned in writing in 1767 when the first colonization with German and Hungarian settlers took place. The village was created by internal migration . The first two attempts to settle there failed because of the recurring floods.

In 1811, Count von Buttler started a new attempt to settle the place with 21 German families. They built dams and ditches to divert the water, gaining more and more dry land. The flooding of the Bega Canal in 1861 caused great damage. In the years that followed, the Uiwar people also had to struggle with the floods. In 1887 a ring dam was built around the village. It was supposed to protect the village from flooding.

Between 1814 and 1844 the Uiwar community owned a prayer house. In 1844 the first Catholic church was built and in 1904 the current church was built. Carl Leopold Wegenstein from Timisoara supplied the organ .

In 1894 a standard gauge railway line was opened from Hatzfeld via Uiwar and Modosch to Großbetschkerek , today it ends in Ionel . In the same year the Uiwarer weekly market was introduced and over the years it has developed into the largest trading center in the area.

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which UIvar also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

economy

In 1861 the post office was opened in Uivar . At the same time, a ferry was set up across the Bega Canal. The trade and industry by improved sharply.

The agriculture is the main industry in the town. Mainly wheat , maize , barley , sunflowers , rapeseed , alfalfa , sugar beets and fodder beets are grown. Nine-tenths of the agricultural land is used as farmland used the rest for fruit and viticulture , as well as pasture land .

Demographics

census		Ethnic groups
year	Residents	Romanians	Hungary	German	Others
1880	6673	654	2556	3084	379
1910	8556	886	3864	3680	126
1977	5782	2432	2220	1057	73
1992	4324	2720	1426	94	84
2002	4421	3051	1208	33	129
2011	2453	1810	394	17th	277 (114 Roma )

See also

• List of German and Hungarian names of Romanian places
• List of localities in the Banat

literature

• Josef Ban: Monograph of the Roman Catholic. Uivar municipality. Anniversary edition, Timisoara 1925.
• Hans Hoffmann: Uivar: History of a German community in the Romanian Banat , Ahorn / Coburg 1981
• Josef Kühn: Family book of the Catholic parishes of Neuburg ad Bega (Uivar) 1812-1898 and Aurelheim 1847-1898 , Sindelfingen 2003
• Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe Munich, Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

• Uivar at banaterra.eu (Romanian)
• Anton Zollner: Neuburg an der Bega / Uiwar at banater-aktualitaet.de
• Uivar at cjtimis.ro

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
3. ↑ AZ ÚJVÁRI SÁMÁN MASZK ( Memento from April 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Az Újvári sámán maszk (Hungarian)
4. ↑ geschkult.fu-berlin.de ( Memento from July 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), The late Neolithic-Early Copper Age tell settlement of Uivar
5. ↑ Invitation to the 64th Banater Kirchweih ( memento from July 24, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), Heimatortsgemeinschaft Uiwar-Aurelheim
6. ↑ Varga E. Statistică recensăminte după limba maternă, respectiv naționalitate, jud. Timiș 1880–2002 (PDF; 897 kB)