List of leaning towers

The Leaning Tower of Pisa

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A leaning tower is a tower that is inclined from the vertical . Leaning towers can unintentionally arise from uneven subsidence of the ground. However, they can also have been intentionally erected at an angle for special requirements. The world's most famous example is the Leaning Tower of Pisa . The tallest leaning tower is the tower of the Montreal Olympic Stadium at 175 meters . According to the Guinness Book of Records, the (unintentionally) "crookedest" tower in the world is the church tower of Suurhusen in East Friesland , where there is a particularly high density of crooked structures.

Buildings with an inclined cubature and facade , but whose storeys are horizontal, are not referred to as a " leaning tower".

Leaning Towers

Germany

The sorting takes place according to the angle of inclination.

Building		Building type	place	Inclination in ∡ degrees	Overhang
	Tower of the Midlum Church	Bell tower	Lower Saxony , Midlum (Rheiderland)	6.74 °	1.65 m
	Leaning Tower of Dausenau	Fortification tower	Rhineland-Palatinate , Dausenau	5.24 °	2.46 m
	Leaning Tower of Suurhusen	Steeple	Lower Saxony , Suurhusen	5.19 °	2.47 m
	Upper Church	Steeple	Thuringia , Bad Frankenhausen	4.93 °	4.60 m
	Butcher Tower (Ulm)	City gate	Baden-Wuerttemberg , Ulm	3.3 °	2.05 m
	Martinskirche	Steeple	Baden-Wuerttemberg , Neckartailfingen	2.26 °	1.31 m
	St. Blasii	Steeple	Thuringia , Nordhausen	2 °	1.80 m
	Jakobikirche (Sangerhausen)	Steeple	Saxony-Anhalt , Sangerhausen	1.606 °	1.71 m
	Saint Pancras Church	Steeple	Thuringia , Bendeleben	1.484 °	1.13 m
	Reichenturm	Fortification tower	Saxony , Bautzen	1.47 °	1.44 m
	Market Church of St. Jacobi	Steeple	Lower Saxony , Einbeck	1.32 °	1.50 m
	Church of St. Catherine	Steeple	Saxony-Anhalt , Oebisfelde-Weferlingen	approx. 1.3 °	0.95 m
	Johanniskirche	Bell tower	Baden-Württemberg , Schwäbisch Gmünd	1.1 °	approx. 1 m
	Church of John the Baptist	Bell tower	Lower Saxony , Engerhafe	?	?
	Saint George's Church	Steeple	North Rhine-Westphalia , Hattingen	?	?
	Pauluskirche	Steeple	North Rhine-Westphalia , Kamen	?	?
	Butterfly tower	Fortification tower	Bavaria , Kitzingen	?	?
	" Leaning Tower of Cologne "	Steeple	North Rhine-Westphalia , Cologne	1 °	0.77 m (inclined only 2004-2005)
	Parish Church of St. Stephan	Steeple	Bavaria , Köngetried (municipality of  Apfeltrach )	?	?
	Holsten Gate	Gate towers	Schleswig-Holstein , Lübeck	?	?
	Parish Church of St. Clement	Steeple	Rhineland-Palatinate , Mayen	?	?
	Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul	Steeple	Bavaria , Munningen	?	?
	Oldenburg Powder Tower	Powder tower	Lower Saxony , Oldenburg	?	?
	Marienkirche	Steeple	Saxony-Anhalt , Salzwedel	?	?
	St. Stephen Church	Steeple	Lower Saxony , Schöppenstedt (near Braunschweig )	?	?
	St. Ottilia	Steeple	Bavaria , Salzdorf (City of  Landshut )	?	0.60 m
	Filial church St. Martin	Steeple	Bavaria , Sensau ( Steinhöring municipality  )	?	1.20 m
	St. Martin Parish Chapel	Steeple	Baden-Wuerttemberg , Sipplingen	?	≈0.50 m
	St. Viktor Church	Steeple	North Rhine-Westphalia , Schwerte	?	?
	St. Wilhadi	Steeple	Lower Saxony , Stade	?	?

Austria

The sorting takes place according to the angle of inclination.

Building		Type	place	Inclination in degrees	Overhang in m
	Waitzendorf parish church	Steeple	Lower Austria , Schrattenthal	1.1 °	?
	Diersbach parish church	Steeple	Upper Austria , Diersbach	?	almost 1 m (W)
	St. Martin Church Lanzendorf	Steeple	Lower Austria , Böheimkirchen	?	?
	Parish church Peuerbach	Steeple	Upper Austria , Peuerbach	?	?

Switzerland

The sorting takes place according to the angle of inclination.

Building		Type	place	Inclination in degrees	Overhang
	Leaning tower of the demolished Mauritius church ruins	Steeple	Canton of Graubünden , St. Moritz	5.5 °	3.18 m
	reformed Church	Steeple	Canton of Thurgau , Steckborn	(since 2006, but not visible to the naked eye)	?

Rest of Europe

The sorting is done by country and within the same by angle of inclination.

image	Surname	Building type	place	country	Inclination in degrees	Overhang
	The Leaning Tower of Bruges	Bell tower (belfry)	Bruges	Belgium	?	1 m
	"Sint Petrus en Pauluskerk"	Steeple	Schelle (Belgium)	Belgium	?	?
	Premonstratensian - Abbey Church "Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-Hemelvaartkerk"	Steeple	Ninove	Belgium	?	?
	Kilmacduagh Monastery	Round tower	Kilmacduagh	Ireland	?	0.6 m
	leaning Tower of Pisa	Campanile	Pisa	Italy	3.97 °	3.9 m (before 1990/2001: 5.2 m)
	Towers of Bologna	Gender towers	Bologna	Italy	?	3.20 m (Garisenda) 2.20 m (Asinelli)
	Chiesa di Santo Stefano	Steeple	Venice	Italy	2.12 °, there is a height of 60 m and a slope of 2 m	2 m
	Parish Church of Barbian	Steeple	Barbian	Italy	2.43 °	1.57 m
	Duomo di Santo Stefano	Campanile	Caorle	Italy	1.4 °	?
	San Martino Church	Campanile	Burano in the in the Venetian lagoon	Italy	3.45 °	1.83 m
	Portogruaro Cathedral	Steeple	Portogruaro	Italy	?	?
	San Leonardo, Leaning Tower	Steeple	Prato Carnico	Italy	?	?
	Torre comunale	City tower	Ravenna	Italy	?	?
	Torre Apponale	City tower	Riva del Garda	Italy	?	?
	Martinitors	Steeple	Groningen	Netherlands	?	0.6 m
	Walfriduskirche	Steeple	Bedum	Netherlands	4.18 °	2.6
	Old church	Steeple	Delft	Netherlands	?	1.96 m
	Oldehove	Steeple	Leeuwarden	Netherlands	?	1.99 m
	Leaning Tower of Thorn	Fortification tower	Thorn	Poland	5.13 °	1.46 m
	Frankenstein Leaning Tower	Bell tower	Frankenstein	Poland	?	1.5 m
	Ruși-Slimnic Evangelical Church	Steeple	Ruși-Slimnic ( German  Reuss, Sibiu District, Transylvania )	Romania	5.3 °	1.45 m
	St. Margaret Church	Steeple	Mediasch (Sibiu County, Transylvania)	Romania	?	2.30 m
	Sujumbike Tower in the Kazan Kremlin	Citadel Tower	Kazan	Russia	?	1.98 m
	Nevyansk Leaning Tower	Bell tower / watchtower	Nevyansk	Russia	1.84 ° and 2.19 °, respectively	1.85
		clock tower	Banská Bystrica	Slovakia	?	?
	Deanery Church of the Assumption ( Czech Kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie )	Steeple	Aussig on the Elbe	Czech Republic	1.77 °	2.009 m
	Minaret of the Harput Ulu Camii	minaret	Harput	Turkey	lower part: 7 °, upper part: 3.5 °	?
	" Egri Minare " minaret	minaret	Aksaray	Turkey	3.18 °	?
	Minaret of the Sivas Ulu Camii	minaret	Sivas	Turkey	?	?
	Greyfriars Tower	Steeple	King's Lynn	United Kingdom	1 °	?
	Church of St Mary and All Saints	Steeple	Chesterfield	United Kingdom	?	2.90 m
	St Laurence church	Steeple	Surfleet	United Kingdom		2.90 m
	Temple Church	Steeple	Bristol	United Kingdom	?	1.64 m
	Elizabeth Tower , Palace of Westminster	clock tower	London	United Kingdom	0.26 °	0.46 m
	Albert Memorial Clock Tower	clock tower	Belfast	United Kingdom	?	?
	South east tower of Caerphilly Castle	Fortification tower	Caerphilly	United Kingdom	?	3 m

Outside of Europe

Listed by country. Direction indication of the inclination as the compass direction .

image	Surname	Building type	place	country	Inclination in degrees	Overhang in m (direction)
	Palace tower (27 meters high)	Watchtower	Ava	Myanmar	?	?
	Tower of the Ratneshwar Mahadev Temple on the Ganges	Temple tower	Varanasi	India	?	?
	Minaret of the Nouri Mosque	minaret	Mosul	Iraq	?	?
	Millennium Tower	High-rise, apartments, new buildings	San Francisco , 301 Mission Street	United States	"Noticeably"
	Tower of the Wanshou Temple Complex	Temple tower	Xi'an	People's Republic of China	?	(NW)

Towers that were called "crooked"

• "Leaning Tower", name of Alt St. Thomä in Soest
• Leaning tower of the Paulus Church in Kamen
• FiftyTwoDegrees in Nijmegen
• Crooked tower

Web links

Commons : Leaning Towers  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Matthias Schulz: Records. Scramble of the inclined. In: spiegel.de. The mirror . 20/2011, May 16, 2011, accessed on July 23, 2017.
2. ↑ The Leaning Tower of Bad Frankenhausen. In: thueringen-enthaben.de. Retrieved May 24, 2020 . Images Leaning Tower in Bad Frankenhausen. In: HolidayCheck. Retrieved May 24, 2020 . 
    
3. ^ The Leaning Tower of Nordhausen , accessed on February 11, 2019
4. ↑ Jacobikirche. In: sangerhausen-tourist.de, accessed on July 23, 2017.
5. ↑ Katharinenkirche ( Memento from February 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: oebisfelde.info, accessed on July 23, 2017 (Source: F.-K. Sonntag, H. Schröder: Oebisfelde - Eine Chronik. ).
6. ↑ Leaning Towers: Leaning, Leaning, Boom? Photo gallery to Anja Reumschüssel: Pisa and other leaning towers. Inclined slope. In: spiegel.de. Der Spiegel, January 9, 2015, accessed on July 23, 2017 (here: Sipplingen church tower on Lake Constance).
7. ↑ St. Wilhadi. Our church. History. In: stadtkirchen-stade.de. Ev.-luth. Church communities in the Hanseatic city of Stade, accessed on March 2, 2018.
8. ↑ The tower: The "leaning tower of the Innviertel". In: dioezese-linz.at. Catholic Church in Upper Austria, accessed September 28, 2016 (zu Diersbach).
9. ↑ Nordwest-Zeitung: Capital of Culture: In Leeuwarden not only the tower is a little different. December 11, 2017, accessed August 4, 2019 . 
10. ↑ Haber7: Elazığ'daki minare Pisa Kulesi'nden daha eğik. Retrieved May 1, 2020 (Turkish). 
11. ↑ Pisa Kulesi'nden daha eğik olan Ulu Cami minaresinin plastik restorasyonu tamamlandı. Retrieved May 1, 2020 (Turkish). 
12. ↑ EĞRİ MİNARE. Retrieved May 1, 2020 . 
13. ↑ Jasper Copping: Bong! Big Ben becoming leaning tower of London, say engineers. In: telegraph.co.uk. The Telegraph , October 9, 2011, accessed July 23, 2017.
14. ↑ Sam Jones and Agencies: Leaning tower of Big Ben worries MPs. In: theguardian.com. The Guardian , January 23, 2012, accessed July 23, 2017.
15. ↑ Der Spiegel: Leaning Towers : Leaning, Leaning, Boom? (to Ava).
16. ↑ Der Spiegel: Leaning Towers : Leaning, Leaning, Boom? (to Varanasi).
17. ↑ Der Spiegel: Leaning Towers : Leaning, Leaning, Boom? (to Mosul).
18. ↑ San Francisco's high-rise fiasco: More than a "leaky toilet". In: orf.at. September 27, 2016, accessed September 28, 2016.
19. ↑ Der Spiegel: Leaning Towers : Leaning, Leaning, Boom? (to Xi'an).
20. ↑ China's leaning tower 'stable at present' , South China Morning Post, Agence France-Presse , 29 Nov. 2012
21. ↑ Xi'an: Ming Dynasty Tower Threatening to Tilt , China Internet Information Center, November 30, 2012
22. ↑ FiftyTwoDegrees. In: arch INFORM ; accessed on January 23, 2020.