United States Demographics

U.S. population pyramid 2016

The United States of America is currently the third most populous country in the world with an estimated population of 328,285,992 (as of January 12, 2019). It is a heavily urbanized country, with 82.3% of the population living in cities and suburbs. The country's major population centers span the eastern half of the United States (specifically the Great Lakes region, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western Pacific states. The mountainous regions, mainly the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian Mountains , deserts in the southwest, the dense forest areas in the far north, the central Prairie States and Alaska are less densely populated. The most populous states today are California and Texas as the density center of the US population has shifted further west and south throughout the history of the country. New York City is currently the most populous city in the United States and forms the largest agglomeration .

The CIA World Factbook shows a population growth of 0.8% for the twelve month period ending in July 2018. Which is high compared to the other industrialized countries , but below the global average rate of 1.1%. In the United States, the 2017 pooled fertility rate is estimated at 1.77 children per woman, which is below the replacement fertility rate of around 2.1.

The American population nearly quadrupled in the 20th century from 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000. It exceeded the 200 million mark in 1967 and the 300 million mark in 2006. Population growth is among the minorities (people who are not part of the white population) overall fastest, and according to estimates by the Census Bureau for 2012, 50.4% of newborns belonged to minorities.

The majority of the US population is made up of white Americans . In 2017 this was around 234,370,202 or 73% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites (whites of no descent from Spain or Latin America ) make up 61.5% of the country's population. The U.S. non-Hispanic white population is projected to drop below 50% by 2045. The Hispanic population is responsible for nearly half of the population growth due to immigration and excess birth rates . Immigrants and their US-born descendants are expected to be the source of most of the US population growth in the coming decades.

The US Census Bureau forecasts a US population of 417 million by 2060, an increase of 38% from 2007 (301.3 million), and the United Nations estimates that the US population will be 402 million in 2050, an increase of 32% compared to 2007.

A US census is made every ten years and is required by the constitution. The next census is scheduled for 2020.

Demographic history

See also : History of the United States

Population development
Census	Residents		± in%
1790	3,929,214		-
1800	5,308,483		35.1%
1810	7,239,881		36.4%
1820	9,638,453		33.1%
1830	12,866,020		33.5%
1840	17,069,453		32.7%
1850	23,191,876		35.9%
1860	31,443,321		35.6%
1870	38,558,371		22.6%
1880	50.189.209		30.2%
1890	62,979,766		25.5%
1900	76.212.168		21%
1910	92.228.496		21%
1920	106.021.537		15%
1930	123.202.624		16.2%
1940	132.164.569		7.3%
1950	151.325.798		14.5%
1960	179.323.175		18.5%
1970	203.211.926		13.3%
1980	226.545.805		11.5%
1990	248,709,873		9.8%
2000	281.421.906		13.2%
2010	308,745,538		9.7%
Before 1900 1900-1990 2000

Before the first settler colonies were established, the United States was populated by various Indian tribes that did not form any ethnic, cultural, or linguistic unit. The pre-colonial population of today's American territory can only be estimated as there are no verifiable population figures. European colonization of America began in 1620 with the crossing of the Mayflower . The first settlers were mostly religious refugees ( Puritans ) who came from the British Isles . Over time, the number of settlers from other European nations increased, which was mainly due to the large free and agriculturally usable settlement areas in America, with a simultaneously rapidly growing European population, which made a crossing seem attractive. If the areas of today's New England (northeast) were developed first, the settlement areas then began to expand further to the west and south. This demographic expansion came at the expense of the original indigenous population.

From 1620 to 1700, the number of settlers and slaves in the settler colonies rose from 500 to 250,900. By 1760 it rose further to 1.6 million. In the same year the three largest colonies were Virginia (339,700 Ew.), Massachusetts (202,600) and Pennsylvania (183,700). The settler population had a very high birth rate with a low mortality rate for the time . From the second half of the 17th century, slaves were abducted en masse from the west coast of Africa to work on the plantations of the newly formed southern states . The black population in 1760 had 2.8% of the population in the northeast, 6.8% in the central states and 39.7% in the southern states.

In the first American census of 1790, which showed a population of 3.9 million people (excluding Native American Indians), 2.1 million people gave English, 757,000 African (most of whom lived in slavery), 300,000 Scottish-Irish, 270,000 German, 150,000 Scottish and 100,000 Dutch ancestry. As early as 1790, the question of ancestry became irrelevant for many, as mixed marriages of different ethnic groups became more common and people formed a common American identity. The total white population in 1790 was 80% British and would approximately double every 25 years through natural growth. From about 1675 onwards, the proportion of the population born in the United States would never fall below 80% of the total population.

The population continued to grow rapidly in the 19th century. The source states of migration, however, increasingly became the European countries outside the British Isles. A large number of Germans migrated after the failed revolution of 1848 and many Irish during the famine from 1845 to 1852 . Other areas with increasing immigration to the USA were Italy , Eastern Europe and Scandinavia . For the first time there was also significant migration from non-European areas, especially from Latin America and China . The resulting change in population structure, however, aroused the discontent of the Anglo-American population and anti-immigrant forces began to gain influence in the second half of the 19th century. With the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, immigration from China was blocked and immigration from other areas outside of Europe was severely restricted.

Texas and California joined the United States in 1845 and 1850, respectively, greatly expanding state territory. During this time the west of the country was opened up and settled (time of the Wild West ).

The American Civil War from 1861 to 1865 brought the largest demographic catastrophe to date, with at least 600,000 deaths. At the same time, the end of the war brought the liberation of the black population group, which, however, remained separate from the white population. Because of the severe discrimination in the southern states, millions of African Americans migrated to the industrial cities of the north in the first half of the 20th century.

In 1900, when the US population was 76 million, there were 66.8 million whites in the United States, representing 88% of the total population, 8.8 million black Americans, about 90% of whom still lived in the southern states , and just over 500,000 Latinos. With the advancing industrialization of the country, the USA changed from a predominantly rural, agricultural society to today's urban and suburban civilization. The increasing proportion of Catholics, non-whites and Jews caused a xenophobic mood in parts of the population. Immigration was quoted and restricted by the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. The primary purpose of this quota was to curb immigration from southern and eastern Europe and at the same time to favor immigrants from northern and western Europe. Immigration law was only liberalized under John F. Kennedy through the Immigration and Naturalization Services Act of 1965 . The sharp rise in migration from Latin America and other parts of the world since then has shifted the demographic profile of the country significantly towards a higher proportion of migrants and ethnic minorities in the total population.

The 2010 census showed an increase in the population to 308.7 million people. In addition to the increasing ethnic diversity, an aging of the population can also be observed, as the birth rate has fallen since the end of the baby boom in the post-war period.

Demographic indicators

Births and Deaths since 1935

Annual statistics of births and deaths:

	Population mid-year	Births	Deaths	Natural change	Birth rate (per 1,000 inhabitants)	Death rate (per 1,000 inh.)	Nat. Change (per 1,000 inhabitants)	Fertility per woman
1935	127,362,000	2,377,000	1,392,752	984.248	18.7	10.9	7.7	2.19
1936	128,181,000	2,355,000	1,479,228	875.772	18.4	11.5	6.8	2.15
1937	128,961,000	2,413,000	1,450,427	962.573	18.7	11.2	7.5	2.17
1938	129,969,000	2,496,000	1,381,391	1,114,609	19.2	10.6	8.6	2.22
1939	131,028,000	2,466,000	1,387,897	1,078,103	18.8	10.6	8.2	2.17
1940	132,165,000	2,559,000	1,417,269	1,142,000	19.4	10.8	8.6	2.301
1941	133,002,000	2,703,000	1,397,642	1,305,358	20.3	10.5	9.8	2,399
1942	134,464,000	2,989,000	1,385,187	1,603,813	22.2	10.3	11.9	2.628
1943	136,003,000	3,104,000	1,459,544	1,644,306	22.8	10.7	12.1	2.718
1944	138,083,000	2,939,000	1,411,338	1,644,456	21.2	10.2	11.0	2.568
1945	139,994,000	2,858,000	1,401,719	1,456,281	20.4	10.0	10.4	2.491
1946	140,008,000	3,411,000	1,395,617	2,015,383	24.1	10.0	14.1	2.943
1947	145,023,000	3,817,000	1,445,370	2,371,630	26.6	10.0	16.6	3.274
1948	148,013,000	3,637,000	1,444,337	2,192,663	24.9	9.8	15.1	3.109
1949	149,336,000	3,649,000	1,443,607	2,205,393	24.5	9.7	14.8	3.110
1950	151,861,000	3,632,000	1,452,454	2,180,000	24.1	9.6	14.5	3.091
1951	154,056,000	3,823,000	1,482,099	2,340,901	24.8	9.6	15.2	3.269
1952	156,431,000	3,913,000	1,496,838	2,416,162	25.0	9.6	15.4	3.358
1953	159,047,000	3,965,000	1,447,459	2,517,541	25.2	9.1	16.1	3.424
1954	161,948,000	4,078,000	1,481,091	2,596,909	24.8	9.3	15.5	3.543
1955	163,476,000	4,097,000	1,528,717	2,568,283	25.0	9.3	14.3	3,580
1956	166,578,000	4,218,000	1,564,476	2,653,524	25.1	9.3	15.8	3,689
1957	169,637,000	4,308,000	1,633,128	2,666,872	25.3	9.5	15.8	3.767
1958	172,668,000	4,255,000	1,647,886	2,607,114	24.4	9.5	14.9	3.701
1959	175,642,000	4,244,796	1,656,814	2,587,982	24.0	9.4	14.7	3,670
1960	179,979,000	4,257,850	1,711,982	2,545,868	23.7	9.5	14.1	3,654
1961	182,992,000	4,268,326	1,701,522	2,566,804	23.3	9.3	14.0	3,629
1962	185,771,000	4,167,362	1,756,720	2,410,642	22.4	9.5	12.9	3.474
1963	188,483,000	4,098,020	1,813,549	2,284,471	21.7	9.6	12.1	3.333
1964	191,141,000	4,027,490	1,798,051	2,229,439	21.1	9.4	11.7	3.208
1965	193,526,000	3,760,358	1,828,136	1,932,222	19.4	9.5	9.9	2.928
1966	195,576,000	3,606,274	1,863,149	1,743,125	18.4	9.5	8.9	2.736
1967	197,457,000	3,520,959	1,851,323	1,669,636	17.8	9.4	8.4	2.578
1968	199,399,000	3,501,564	1,930,082	1,571,482	17.6	9.7	7.9	2,477
1969	201,385,000	3,600,206	1,921,990	1,678,216	17.9	9.5	8.4	2,465
1970	203,984,000	3,731,386	1,921,031	1,810,355	18.4	9.4	9.0	2,480
1971	206,827,000	3,555,970	1,927,542	1,628,428	17.2	9.3	7.9	2.266
1972	209,284,000	3,258,411	1,963,944	1,294,467	15.6	9.4	6.2	2.010
1973	211,357,000	3,136,965	1,973,003	1,163,962	14.8	9.5	5.3	1,879
1974	213,342,000	3,159,958	1,934,388	1,225,570	14.8	9.1	5.7	1,835
1975	215,465,000	3,144,198	1,892,879	1,251,319	14.6	8.8	5.8	1,774
1976	217,563,000	3,167,788	1,909,440	1,258,348	14.6	8.8	5.8	1.738
1977	219,760,000	3,326,632	1,899,597	1,427,035	15.1	8.6	6.5	1,789
1978	222,095,000	3,333,279	1,927,788	1,405,491	15.0	8.7	6.3	1.760
1979	224,567,000	3,494,398	1,913,841	1,580,557	15.6	8.5	7.1	1.808
1980	227,225,000	3,612,258	1,989,841	1,622,417	15.9	8.8	7.1	1,839
1981	229,466,000	3,629,238	1,977,981	1,651,257	15.8	8.6	7.2	1,812
1982	231,664,000	3,680,537	1,974,797	1,705,740	15.9	8.5	7.4	1,827
1983	233,792,000	3,638,933	2,019,201	1,619,732	15.6	8.6	6.9	1,799
1984	235,825,000	3,669,141	2,039,369	1,629,772	15.6	8.6	6.9	1.806
1985	237,924,000	3,760,561	2,086,440	1,674,121	15.8	8.8	7.0	1,844
1986	240,133,000	3,756,547	2,105,361	1,651,186	15.6	8.8	6.9	1,837
1987	242,289,000	3,809,394	2,123,323	1,686,071	15.7	8.8	7.0	1,872
1988	244,499,000	3,909,510	2,167,999	1,741,511	16.0	8.9	7.1	1.934
1989	246,819,000	4,040,958	2,150,466	1,890,492	16.4	8.7	7.7	2.014
1990	249,623,000	4,158,212	2,148,463	2,009,749	16.7	8.6	8.1	2.081
1991	252,981,000	4,110,907	2,169,518	1,941,389	16.2	8.6	7.7	2.062
1992	256,514,000	4,065,014	2,175,613	1,889,401	15.8	8.5	7.4	2.046
1993	259,919,000	4,000,240	2,268,553	1,731,687	15.4	8.7	6.7	2.019
1994	263,126,000	3,952,767	2,278,994	1,673,773	15.0	8.7	6.4	2.001
1995	266,278,000	3,899,589	2,312,132	1,587,457	14.6	8.7	6.0	1,978
1996	269,394,000	3,891,494	2,314,690	1,576,804	14.4	8.6	5.9	1,976
1997	272,647,000	3,880,894	2,314,245	1,566,649	14.2	8.5	5.7	1,971
1998	275,854,000	3,941,553	2,337,256	1,604,297	14.3	8.5	5.8	1.999
1999	279,040,000	3,959,417	2,391,399	1,568,018	14.2	8.6	5.6	2.007
2000	282,172,000	4,058,814	2,403,351	1,655,463	14.4	8.5	5.9	2.056
2001	285,082,000	4,025,933	2,416,425	1,609,508	14.1	8.5	5.6	2.030
2002	287,804,000	4,021,726	2,443,387	1,578,339	14.0	8.5	5.5	2.020
2003	290,326,000	4,089,950	2,448,288	1,641,662	14.1	8.4	5.5	2.047
2004	293,046,000	4,112,052	2,397,615	1,714,437	14.0	8.2	5.9	2.051
2005	295,753,000	4,138,349	2,448,017	1,690,332	14.0	8.3	5.7	2.057
2006	298,593,000	4,265,555	2,426,264	1,839,291	14.3	8.1	6.2	2.108
2007	301,580,000	4,316,234	2,423,712	1,892,522	14.3	8.0	6.3	2.120
2008	304,375,000	4,247,694	2,471,984	1,775,710	14.0	8.1	5.9	2.072
2009	307,007,000	4,130,665	2,437,163	1,693,502	13.5	7.9	5.6	2.002
2010	309,330,000	3,999,386	2,468,435	1,530,951	13.0	8.0	5.0	1.931
2011	311,583,000	3,953,590	2,515,458	1,438,412	12.7	8.1	4.6	1,894
2012	313,874,000	3,952,841	2,543,279	1,409,562	12.6	8.1	4.5	1,880
2013	316,129,000	3,932,181	2,596,993	1,336,183	12.4	8.2	4.2	1.857
2014	319,113,000	3,988,076	2,626,418	1,361,658	12.5	8.2	4.3	1,862
2015	321,442,000	3,978,497	2,712,630	1,265,867	12.4	8.4	4.0	1,843
2016	323,100,000	3,945,875	2,744,248	1,201,627	12.2	8.5	3.7	1,820
2017	325,719,000	3,855,500	2,813,503	1,041,997	11.8	8.7	3.1	1.765
2018	327,167,000	3,788,235	2,840,000	953.200	11.6	8.7	2.9	1.728

Population centers

See also : List of Cities in the United States  and List of Metropolitan Areas in the United States

Population density

The United States is a highly urbanized country with three quarters of the population living in metropolitan areas. A high proportion of people living in planned suburbs is typical. The Atlantic and Pacific coasts have a special population concentration, while the center is only very sparsely populated. The states in the north-east of the country, which were opened up the earliest, have the highest population density. New York City has been the largest population center in the country since the late 18th century. The southern ( Florida , Georgia , Arizona , Texas) and the Pacific states (California, Oregon , Washington ) are currently showing the strongest growth , while the population in the Midwest and Northeast is growing only slowly or even decreasing.

The following table provides an overview of the 10 largest metropolitan regions in the country by number of inhabitants in 2017. The definition of metropolitan regions comes from the US Census Bureau. In 2016, a total of 51 metropolitan regions had more than one million inhabitants.

rank	Metropolitan area	Including	Population 1990	Population 2000	Population 2010	Population 2017
1	New York City	Newark , Jersey City	17,430,704	18,945,888	19,566,471	20,320,876
2	los Angeles	Long Beach , Anaheim	11,273,720	12,365,597	12,828,961	13,353,907
3	Chicago	Naperville , Elgin	8,181,939	9,098,970	9,461,550	9,533,040
4th	Dallas	Fort Worth , Arlington	4,018,778	5,204,627	6,426,241	7,332,544
5	Houston	Sugar Land	3,750,846	4,693,520	5,920,499	6,892,427
6th	Washington	Arlington , Alexandria	4,156,672	4,837,674	5,636,416	6,229,866
7th	Miami	Fort Lauderdale	4,056,228	5,007,956	5,566,298	6,158,824
8th	Philadelphia	Camden , Wilmington	5,435,550	5,686,329	5,965,662	6.096.120
9	Atlanta	Sandy Springs , Roswell	3,081,858	4,263,135	5,286,725	5,884,736
10	Boston	Cambridge , Newton	4,133,895	4,392,533	4,552,595	4,836,531

Ethnic groups

The United States Census Bureau collects data on ethnic and racial classification in accordance with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidelines , this data is based on self-identification. In contrast to Germany, the word race is still used by official bodies in the USA. The breed classifications and definitions used by the US Census Bureau are:

• White Americans : A person who originated in one of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. This includes people who indicate their ethnicity as “white” or who report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arabic, Moroccan or Caucasian.
• Black or African American (black or African American ): A person who is originally from one of the states of sub-Saharan Africa comes from. This includes people who indicate their ethnicity as Black or Afro-American or who give details such as Kenyans, Nigerians or Haitians.
• American Indian or Alaska Native ( Native Americans ): A person who in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) originates and maintains tribal affiliation or community relationship. This category includes people who indicate their ethnic group as "Indians or Alaskan Indians" or who give details such as Navajo , Blackfeet, Inuit , Yup'ik , Central American Indian groups or South American Indian groups.
• Asian Americans ( Asian Americans ): A person who originated in one of the original peoples of East Asia , Southeast Asia or the Indian subcontinent has, including Cambodia , China , India , Japan , Korea , Malaysia , Pakistan , the Philippine Islands , Thailand and Vietnam .
• Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander : A person who originated in one of the indigenous peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific islands.
• Some other race : Any other answer not included in the White, Black or African American, Native American, Asian, and Indigenous Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander race categories described above.
• Two or more races : Anyone who descends from two or more of the previous groups by either ticking two or more boxes, providing multiple answers, or a combination of boxes and other answers.

According to the current definition of the US Census Bureau, Hispanics and Latino Americans are not regarded as a separate racial group, but merely as a cultural identity and can belong to any racial group.

Population by ethnic group (2019)

ethnicities	proportion of
White Americans	60.4%
Hispanics and Latinos	18.3%
African American	13.4%
Asian Americans	5.9%
Multiethnic Americans	2.7%
Indians of North America and Native Americans	1.3%
Native Hawaiians and Americans from Oceania	0.2%

Share of population by ethnic group 1940–2010 (in%)

Ethnicity	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000 *	2010 *
White Americans (including Hispancis)	89.8	89.5	88.6	87.5	83.0	80.3	75.1	72.4
Black or African American	9.8	10.0	10.5	11.1	11.7	12.1	12.3	12.6
native Americans					0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders					1.5	2.9	3.8	5.0
other ethnicity					3.0	3.9	5.5	6.2
two or more ethnicities							2.4	2.9
Total (%)	99.6	99.5	99.1	98.6	100	100	100	100

Future development 2015-2060 (forecast)

Ethnicity	Share 2015	Share in 2060
White Americans (not Hispanic)	61.7%	43.7%
Hispanics or Latinos (any ethnic group)	17.7%	28.6%
Black or African American	12.4%	13.0%
Asian Americans	5.3%	9.1%
native Americans	0.7%	0.6%
Indigenous Hawaiians or other Pacific islanders	0.2%	0.2%

distribution

The regional ethnic distribution of the population is primarily due to historical and migration policy reasons. The white population is present in all parts of the country and has the highest proportion of the population in the central northern states and some states in the northeast. The African American population reaches the highest percentage in the southern states ( Mississippi , Louisiana , Georgia ), where about half of all African Americans live. African Americans make up a plurality of the population in the capital Washington, DC.Other population centers are the Midwest and Northeast, while the Pacific coast has a less strong presence. The Native Americans only make up more than 10% of the population in Alaska. Asian Americans live mostly on the west coast (especially California ) and Hawaii , where they make up the highest proportion of the population. The proportion of Latinos is highest in the Southwest (California, Arizona , Texas , New Mexico ) and Florida .

2015 states and territories by ethnic group

State	Population (2015)	White Americans	Black or African American	native Americans	Asian Americans	Indigenous Hawaiians or other Pacific islanders	other ethn. group	two or more ethn. groups
Alabama	4,830,620	68.8%	26.4%	0.5%	1.2%	0.1%	1.3%	1.7%
Alaska	733.375	66.0%	3.4%	13.8%	5.9%	1.2%	1.3%	8.4%
Arizona	6,641,928	78.4%	4.2%	4.4%	3.0%	0.2%	6.5%	3.2%
Arkansas	2,958,208	78.0%	15.5%	0.6%	1.4%	0.2%	2.1%	2.1%
Colorado	5,278,906	84.2%	4.0%	0.9%	2.9%	0.1%	4.3%	3.5%
Connecticut	3,593,222	77.3%	10.3%	0.2%	4.2%	0.0%	5.1%	2.8%
Delaware	926.454	69.4%	21.6%	0.3%	3.6%	0.0%	2.3%	2.7%
District of Columbia	647.484	40.2%	48.9%	0.3%	3.7%	0.0%	4.2%	2.7%
Florida	19,645,772	76.0%	16.1%	0.3%	2.6%	0.1%	2.5%	2.4%
Georgia	10,006,693	60.2%	30.9%	0.3%	3.6%	0.0%	2.8%	2.1%
Hawaii	1,406,299	25.4%	2.0%	0.2%	37.7%	9.9%	1.1%	23.7%
Idaho	1,616,547	91.7%	0.6%	1.3%	1.3%	0.1%	2.4%	2.6%
Illinois	12,873,761	72.3%	14.3%	0.2%	5.0%	0.0%	5.8%	2.2%
Indiana	6,568,645	84.2%	9.2%	0.2%	1.9%	0.0%	2.3%	2.2%
Iowa	3,093,526	91.2%	3.2%	0.3%	2.0%	0.1%	1.3%	2.0%
California	38,421,464	61.8%	5.9%	0.7%	13.7%	0.4%	12.9%	4.5%
Kansas	2,892,987	85.2%	5.8%	0.8%	2.6%	0.1%	2.2%	3.3%
Kentucky	4,397,353	87.6%	7.9%	0.2%	1.3%	0.0%	0.9%	2.1%
Louisiana	4,625,253	62.8%	32.1%	0.6%	1.7%	0.0%	1.0%	1.8%
Maine	1,329,100	95.0%	1.1%	0.6%	1.1%	0.0%	0.2%	2.0%
Maryland	5,930,538	57.6%	29.5%	0.3%	6.0%	0.0%	3.6%	3.0%
Massachusetts	6,705,586	79.6%	7.1%	0.2%	6.0%	0.0%	4.2%	2.9%
Michigan	9,900,571	79.0%	14.0%	0.5%	2.7%	0.0%	1.1%	2.6%
Minnesota	5,419,171	84.8%	5.5%	1.0%	4.4%	0.0%	1.5%	2.7%
Mississippi	2,988,081	59.2%	37.4%	0.4%	1.0%	0.0%	0.9%	1.2%
Missouri	6,045,448	82.6%	11.5%	0.4%	1.8%	0.1%	1.1%	2.4%
Montana	1,014,699	89.2%	0.5%	6.5%	0.7%	0.1%	0.5%	2.5%
Nebraska	1,869,365	88.1%	4.7%	0.9%	2.0%	0.1%	1.9%	2.2%
Nevada	2,798,636	69.0%	8.4%	1.1%	7.7%	0.6%	8.8%	4.4%
New Hampshire	1.324.201	93.7%	1.3%	0.2%	2.4%	0.0%	0.5%	1.8%
New Jersey	8,904,413	68.3%	13.5%	0.2%	9.0%	0.0%	6.4%	2.5%
New Mexico	2,084,117	73.2%	2.1%	9.1%	1.4%	0.1%	10.9%	3.3%
new York	19,673,174	64.6%	15.6%	0.4%	8.0%	0.0%	8.6%	2.9%
North Carolina	9,845,333	69.5%	21.5%	1.2%	2.5%	0.1%	3.0%	2.4%
North Dakota	721.640	88.7%	1.6%	5.3%	1.2%	0.0%	0.8%	2.2%
Ohio	11,575,977	82.4%	12.2%	0.2%	1.9%	0.0%	0.8%	2.5%
Oklahoma	3,849,733	73.1%	7.2%	7.3%	1.9%	0.1%	2.6%	7.8%
Oregon	3,939,233	85.1%	1.8%	1.2%	4.0%	0.4%	3.4%	4.1%
Pennsylvania	12,779,559	81.6%	11.0%	0.2%	3.1%	0.0%	2.0%	2.1%
Rhode Island	1,053,661	81.1%	6.5%	0.5%	3.2%	0.0%	5.8%	2.8%
South carolina	4,777,576	67.2%	27.5%	0.3%	1.4%	0.1%	1.5%	2.0%
South Dakota	843.190	85.0%	1.6%	8.6%	1.2%	0.0%	0.9%	2.6%
Tennessee	6,499,615	77.8%	16.8%	0.3%	1.6%	0.1%	1.5%	2.0%
Texas	26,538,614	74.9%	11.9%	0.5%	4.2%	0.1%	6.0%	2.5%
Utah	2,903,379	87.6%	1.1%	1.1%	2.2%	0.9%	4.5%	2.6%
Vermont	626604	94.9%	1.1%	0.3%	1.4%	0.0%	0.3%	1.9%
Virginia	8,256,630	69.0%	19.2%	0.3%	6.0%	0.1%	2.2%	3.2%
Washington	6,985,464	77.8%	3.6%	1.3%	7.7%	0.6%	3.8%	5.2%
West Virginia	1,851,420	93.6%	3.3%	0.2%	0.7%	0.0%	0.2%	2.0%
Wisconsin	5,742,117	86.5%	6.3%	0.9%	2.5%	0.0%	1.7%	2.1%
Wyoming	579,679	91.0%	1.1%	2.2%	0.9%	0.1%	2.1%	2.7%
Puerto Rico	3,583,073	69.7%	8.4%	0.3%	0.3%	0.0%	12.0%	9.3%

migration

See also : Immigration to the United States

Dominant Ancestry Group by County (2000 Census)

13% of the population were foreign-born in 2009 - a 350% increase since 1970 when foreign-borns made up 3.7% of the population, including 11.2 million illegal immigrants , 80% of whom are from Latin America. Latin America is the largest region of the birth region, accounting for over half (53%) of the foreign-born population in the United States, making it the largest source of legal and illegal immigration to the United States. In 2011 there are 18.1 million naturalized Americans in the United States, who make up 45% of the foreign-born population (40.4 million) and 6% of the total US population at that time, and become approximately 680,000 legal immigrants naturalized annually . By 2017, the proportion of migrants rose to 15.3%, most of whom are from Latin America and Asia . The proportion of migrants in the population is thus above many European countries, but below that of Canada and Australia .

The 10 most common origins of Americans in 2015 were German (14.7%, 46 million), African (12.3%, 39 million), Mexican (10.9%, 35 million), Irish (10.6% , 34 million), English (7.8%, 25 million), American (descent from the early settlers) (7.2%, 23 million), Italian (5.5%, 17 million), Polish (3.0%, 9 million), French (2.6%, 8 million) and Scottish (1.6%, 5 million).

There were almost 3 million Americans living abroad in 2015. Most of them live in Mexico (900,000), Canada (310,000), the United Kingdom (190,000), Germany (140,000) and Australia (120,000).

languages

See also : Languages ​​in the United States

Languages ​​in the USA

Although the United States does not have a set official language, English is in fact its national language . It is used by 82% of the population as their mother tongue and by almost all residents as the lingua franca. English is used officially by 32 states and unofficially by the others as the official language and is the primary language in all states.

Spanish is taught as the first foreign language, especially in areas with high Latin American populations, such as states bordering Mexico , as well as Florida and the cities of Chicago and New York. Younger generations who do not come from any family with a Spanish-speaking background are learning the language in increasing numbers due to the growing number of the world's Spanish-speaking population. About 16.3% (over 50 million) understand this language.

The Chinese , especially the Cantonese , is the third largest language community of the United States and is particularly represented in California. While Spanish and French are particularly concentrated in certain regions, Chinese is relatively evenly distributed, with slightly more speakers on the west coast than elsewhere.

French follows in fourth place, with many speakers in Maine and Louisiana .

German , which is the second most widely spoken language in North Dakota and South Dakota , ranks fifth.

In addition, there is the German dialect Pennsylvania Deitsch , based on the 19th century Palatinate , which is still spoken mainly in Pennsylvania by Hutterites , Amish and other conservative emigrant groups, a total of several 100,000 speakers.

Furthermore, immigrants of Italian , Polish and Greek origin have formed other notable language communities since the early 20th century .

Since the 1970s, many people immigrated from the Soviet Union and often brought Russian with them.

Tagalog , Vietnamese and Korean also have a significant number of speakers over the million mark.

religion

States by proportion of regular churchgoers (2014)

Religion in the United States is characterized by a variety of religious beliefs and practices. However, it is not possible to give exact figures on the respective religious affiliation, because the US Census Bureau does not collect any information in the sense of the constitutionally prescribed freedom of religion in the USA . The first American settlers were religious refugees. Compared to other industrialized countries , religiosity plays a significantly larger role in public life.

Historically dominant Protestantism no longer had a majority in the early 2010s. The Christianity is still the largest religion in the United States, the various Protestant churches have the most followers. There are a large number of sects and free churches in the USA . The United States is the country with the largest Christian population in the world.

In 2016, Christians were 73.7% of the total population, of which 48.9% were Protestants, 23.0% Catholics and 1.8% Mormons , followed by people with no religion with 18.2% of the total population. The Judaism is the second largest religion in the United States, which is practiced by 2.1% of the population, followed by Islam with 0.8%.

The regional distribution of denominations is different; while the majority of Catholics live in New England, the southern states are evangelical. The center of the Mormons is in Utah and the surrounding states ( Nevada , Idaho ); Especially in the south of the USA on the border with Mexico and due to Cuban emigration in the greater Miami area , mainly Catholic Latinos live. The centers of the Jewish population are metropolises such as New York and the surrounding area, Boston , Los Angeles , San Francisco and southeast Florida.

Mississippi is the most religious state in the country, with 63% of the population describing themselves as very religious. Religion is very important to these people and they say they attend church services almost every week , while in New Hampshire only 20% of the adult population consider themselves very religious, making it the least religious state. As particularly religious, the countries of the so-called apply Bible Belt (German: Bible Belt ).

According to a 2018 study by the Pew Research Center , Islam will overtake Judaism by 2040 and become the second largest religion in the US due to higher immigration and birth rates.

Fertility rate

See also : List of States in the United States by Fertility Rate

The US fertility rate is above most other western industrialized countries, but below the global average. The country experienced a characteristic baby boom after World War II . At the end of the 1960s, fertility per woman fell significantly, parallel to the development in other western countries ( pill break ). In 1976, the fertility per woman reached its lowest level in history with 1,738 children. After that, fertility began to rise again, mainly due to the higher birth rate of immigrants and an improved economic situation. Until 2007, fertility rose above the replacement level and has been falling again since the financial crisis of 2008 .

Fertility rate from 1800 to 2010

year	1800	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860	1870	1880	1890	1900
Fertility Rate in the United States	7.0	6.9	6.7	6.6	6.1	5.4	5.2	4.6	4.2	3.9	3.6

year	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010
Fertility Rate in the United States	3.4	3.2	2.5	2.2	3.0	3.5	2.5	1.8	2.08	2.06	1.93

Births and Fertility by Ethnicity

race	Number of births in 2016	proportion of	Fertility per woman (2016)	Number of births in 2017	proportion of	Fertility per woman (2017)
White (non-Hispanic)	2,092,252	53.09%	1.72	2,014,898	52.26%	1.67
African American (Non-Hispanic)	583,498	14.81%	1.83	565.164	14.66%	1.82
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders	284,723	7.19%	1.69	258,676	6.71%	1.52
American natives	34,287	1.04%	1.13	29,957	0.78%	0.85
Hispanic and Latinos (of any race)	915.917	23.24%	2.04	898.764	23.31%	2.01
Total	3,941,109	100%	1.82	3,855,500	100%	1.76

Life expectancy

See also : List of states in the United States by life expectancy

Development of life expectancy (1900–2011)

Due to better health care, life expectancy rose steadily in the 19th and first half of the 20th century. In 1950 the United States had one of the highest life expectancies in the world. In the second half of the century the pace of growth began to level off and the United States began to fall behind in global terms. From 2010 onwards, stagnation was largely observed and in 2017 average life expectancy fell for the third time in a row. The main reasons for this are increased mortality among middle - aged white men from obesity , drug and alcohol abuse, suicide, and problems in the public health sector.

In 2016, the average life expectancy at birth was 78.69 years. The life expectancy was thus on the level of Lebanon and Cuba and under almost all other western industrialized countries. Life expectancy in the USA depends strongly on social class and ethnic group and correlates with the level of education. Asians have the highest life expectancy, followed by Latinos and Hispanic people, then whites, and blacks have the lowest average life expectancy. Regionally, the southern states and West Virginia have the lowest life expectancy, and Hawaii, California, the central northern states, and the New England states have the highest.

1901-1950

Life expectancy from 1901 to 1950. Source: Our World In Data

year	1901	1902	1903	1904	1905	1906	1907	1908	1909	1910
Life expectancy in the United States	49.3	50.5	50.6	49.6	50.3	50.2	50.1	51.9	52.8	51.8

Years	1911	1912	1913	1914	1915	1916	1917	1918	1919	1920
Life expectancy in the United States	53.4	54.1	53.5	54.6	55.1	54.2	54.0	47.0	55.3	55.4

Years	1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929	1930
Life expectancy in the United States	58.2	58.1	57.5	58.5	58.5	57.9	59.4	58.3	58.5	59.6

Years	1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	1937	1938	1939	1940
Life expectancy in the United States	60.3	61.0	60.9	60.2	60.9	60.4	61.1	62.4	63.1	63.2

Years	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950
Life expectancy in the United States	63.8	64.6	64.3	65.1	65.6	66.3	66.7	67.3	67.6	68.1

1950-2015

period	Life expectancy in years	period	Life expectancy in years
1950-1955	68.7	1985-1990	74.9
1955-1960	69.7	1990-1995	75.7
1960-1965	70.1	1995-2000	76.5
1965-1970	70.4	2000-2005	77.2
1970-1975	71.4	2005-2010	78.2
1975-1980	73.3	2010-2015	78.9
1980-1985	74.4

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Median age

In 2017, the mean age of the American population was 38.1 years, making the USA younger than most other western industrialized countries (in Germany, the mean age in 2015 was around 46.3 years). An increase to 40.6 years is expected by 2050.

Development of the median age from 1820 to 1900

year	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860	1870	1880	1890	1900
Median age of the total population	16.7	17.2	17.8	18.9	19.4	20.2	20.9	22.0	22.9
Median age men	16.6	17.2	17.9	19.2	19.8	20.2	21.2	22.3	23.3
Median age women	16.8	17.3	17.8	18.6	19.1	20.1	20.7	21.6	22.4

Development of the median age from 1910 to 2017

year	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2017
Median age of the total population	24.1	25.3	26.5	29.0	30.2	29.6	28.1	30.0	32.9	35.3	37.2	38.1
Median age men	24.6	25.8	26.7	29.1	29.9	28.7	26.8	28.8	31.7	34.0	35.8	36.8
Median age women	23.5	24.7	25.2	29.0	30.5	30.4	29.8	31.2	34.1	36.5	38.5	39.4

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population Clock . United States Census Bureau.
2. ↑ Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 - 2016 Population Estimates . US Census Bureau.
3. ^ ^{A b} North America :: United States - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
4. ↑ Table 13. State Population - Rank, Percent Change, and Population Density ( Excel ) US Census Bureau. October 24, 2010. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ^ Mean Center of Population for the United States: 1790 to 2000 . US Census Bureau. October 24, 2010. Archived from the original on November 3, 2001. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 . United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
7. ^ National Vital Statistics Reports. Births: Final Data for 2017 . December 27, 2018.
8. ^ National Vital Statistics Reports. Births: Preliminary Data for 2016 . 3rd October 2017.
9. ^ Statistical Abstract of the United States . United States Census Bureau .
10. ↑ US population hits 300 million mark , MSNBC . 2006. 
11. ↑ Morello, Carol and Mellnik, Ted. "Census: Minority Babies Are Now Majority in United States." Washington Post . May 17, 2012.
12. ^ Antonio Flores: How the US Hispanic population is changing. In: Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 22, 2019 (American English). 
13. ↑ Projected Population by Single Year of Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: July 1, 2000 to July 1, 2050 . US Census Bureau. December 8th, 2009. Archived from the original on October 10th, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
14. ^ ^{A b} World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations .
15. ^ US Census Bureau _ Census of Population and Housing . Retrieved November 21, 2014
16. ↑ Extract from Census.gov . Retrieved February 28, 2011
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19. ↑ lib.utexas.edu
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21. ^ Kory L. Meyerink, Loretto Dennis Szucs: The Source: a Guidebook of American Genealogy . Ancestry, Salt Lake City 1997.
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24. ↑ " Demographics Trends in the 20th Century ( Memento of the original from January 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. US Census Bureau . 
25. ↑ We the Americans: Blacks. Census.gov.
26. ↑ The History of Immigration to the United States. Retrieved February 19, 2019 . 
27. ^ The Legacy of the 1965 Immigration Act. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
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29. ↑ cdc.gov
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31. ↑ cdc.gov
32. ↑ cdc.gov
33. ↑ Births: Provisional Data for 2018. Retrieved November 22, 2019 . 
34. ↑ The fastest growing (and shrinking) states: A closer look. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
35. ↑ Population of US metropolitan areas 2017 | Statistic. Retrieved February 23, 2019 . 
36. ^ US Census Bureau: About Race. Retrieved February 22, 2019 (American English). 
37. ↑ Population estimate July 1, 2019. US Census Bureau, June 1, 2019, accessed July 8, 2020 . 
38. ↑ US population: ethnic groups in America 2015 and 2060. Accessed February 23, 2019 . 
39. ↑ ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates - 2011–2015 . US Census Bureau.
40. ↑ Homeward Bound: Recent Immigration Enforcement and the Decline in the Illegal Alien Population . In: Center for Immigration Studies .
41. ↑ Illegal immigration to US drops after rising for decade . December 6, 2012. 
42. ↑ Largest source of legal and illegal immigrants to US ,
43. ↑ Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States .
44. ↑ World Migration. January 15, 2015, accessed February 22, 2019 . 
45. ↑ ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES - 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates . US Census Bureau.
46. ↑ SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES - 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates . US Census Bureau.
47. ↑ Migration Report 2017. (PDF) UN, accessed on September 30, 2018 (English). 
48. ↑ Origins and Destinations of the World's Migrants, 1990-2017 . In: Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project . February 28, 2018 ( pewglobal.org [accessed September 30, 2018]).
49. ↑ Sharon R. Ennis, Merarys Ríos-Vargas and Nora G. Albert: The Hispanic Population: 2010, 2010 Census Briefs. (2011) C2010BR-04 ( PDF download ), p. 3
50. ↑ Dirk Laabs: bpb.de - Dossier USA - Society - Position of Religion. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
51. ^ Gallup, Inc .: Five Key Findings on Religion in the US (en-us) . In: Gallup.com . 
52. ^ Matthew Isbell: Reformation Day - Christianity in America. In: MCIMaps.com , October 31, 2017 (English).
53. ^ Mathew Isbell: Hanukkah Article: The Geography of Jews in America. In: MCIMaps.com , December 11, 2017 (English).
54. ^ Frank Newport: New Hampshire Now Least Religious State in US . Gallup. February 4, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
55. ↑ Matt Rosenberg Matt Rosenberg is a professional geographer, writer with over 20 years of experience He is the author of both a geography reference book, a guide to winning National Geography Bee contests: Where and What Is the Bible Belt? Retrieved February 20, 2019 . 
56. ^ AJ Willingham CNN: By 2040, Islam could be the second-largest religion in the US. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
57. ↑ Americans aren't making enough babies to replace ourselves. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
58. ↑ ^{a b c d} United States. Bureau of the Census: Volume 1 . 1975 ( online [accessed February 22, 2019]).
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60. ^ Meilan Solly: US Life Expectancy Drops for Third Year in a Row, Reflecting Rising Drug Overdoses, Suicides. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
61. ↑ - The Washington Post. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
62. ↑ Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | Data. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
63. ↑ USA CAUSES OF DEATH BY AGE AND GENDER. Retrieved February 22, 2019 . 
64. ^ Life Expectancy at Birth (in years). In: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. August 27, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2019 (American English). 
65. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Life expectancy .
66. ↑ 1615 L. St NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 USA202-419-4300 | Main202-419-4349 | Fax[phone] | Media Inquiries: Median Age on the Rise in the US, Germany and Italy | Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 19, 2019 (American English).