December 1989

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This article covers breaking news and events in December 1989.

Daily events

Friday 1st December 1989

Nagorno-Karabakh's population is predominantly Armenian

Before the launch of the Proton rocket with the Granat satellite

• Berlin / Germany : The People's Chamber , the composition of which is the result of a sham democratic election in 1986 under the responsibility of the SED , which has ruled the GDR from the very beginning , votes in favor of removing the SED's claim to leadership from the GDR's constitution . Thus, as of today, neither this party nor the parliament reflects the accomplished “victory” of the so-called “ working class ” in the class struggle , as a result of which, according to the original view of the SED, there was no longer any need for democratic competition between political parties .
• Yerevan / Soviet Union : The parliament of the Armenian SSR accepts the request of the Nagorno-Karabakh region to join, which declared its independence from the Soviet Union in September and is formally part of the Azerbaijani SSR . The political leadership of Azerbaijan emphatically rejects the separation of the Nagorno-Karabakh region from its territory.
• Leninsk / Soviet Union : A rocket type proton brings the Soviet- French joint project grenade into the orbit of the Earth . There the space telescope u. a. Locate X-rays whose sources lie outside the boundaries of the Milky Way .
• Vatican City : Pope John Paul II receives Mikhail Gorbachev , who is de facto head of state of the Soviet Union . It is the first visit of a General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU to the Vatican. Both sides agree to establish official relations.

Sunday 3rd December 1989

• Berlin / Germany : The Politburo of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), which was constitutionally established as the leading party in the GDR until yesterday, resigns. This includes Prime Minister Hans Modrow . He continues to exercise his government duties, and the all-party government in the State Council remains in place. Without the SED Politburo, the Council of Ministers headed by Modrow would become the most powerful political institution in the GDR.
• Marsaxlokk / Malta : As part of a multi-day summit on the future role of the Soviet Union and the United States in Europe, the de facto head of state of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev and the President of the United States George Bush on the Soviet cruise ship Maxim Gorkiy declare that the so-called " Cold War " was over.

Monday 4th December 1989

• Amman / Jordan : Mudar Badran replaces Zaid ibn Shaker as Prime Minister of Jordan . It is Badran's third term in office.

Wednesday December 6, 1989

Egon Krenz resigns from all official offices

• Berlin / Germany : Egon Krenz ( SED ) hands over the chairmanship of the GDR State Council to Manfred Gerlach ( LDPD ). The election to the People's Chamber next year is intended to produce a government that is legitimate by Western standards and the State Council is expected to be liquidated. Krenz also loses the chairmanship of the Defense Council , but he remains in politics as a member of the People's Chamber.
• Montreal / Canada : Armed with a hunting knife and a self-loading rifle , Marc Lépine penetrates the polytechnic , separates nine women from a mechanical engineering seminar and insults them as a “bunch of feminists ”. Lépine then shoots six of the women. He later kills eight other women and injures 14 other people before judging himself .

Thursday December 7th 1989

• Berlin / Germany : The prosecutor's office in East Berlin led remand for Erich Mielke , which the Ministry of State Security built the GDR and headed for decades. The allegations are “damage to the economy” and “ high treason through anti-constitutional actions”.
• Berlin / Germany : The State Council of the GDR releases all members of the National Defense Council from their duties.

Friday December 8th 1989

• United States : The biologist Joseph Popp begins spreading the Trojan "AIDS" by mail . For this he sent to research institutions 5.25 inches - diskettes labeled " AIDS Information - Introductory Diskettes" ( German  "AIDS Information - beginning Disks" ) with the writing accompanying statement that one contained on the media database to install.

Saturday 9th December 1989

• Berlin / Germany : The office of chairman of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED), which was abolished in 1954, is reinstated. At the SED special party congress, the delegates elect the lawyer Gregor Gysi . The party congress will continue on December 16.
• Stockholm / Sweden : The so-called “Alternative Nobel Prize” of the Right Livelihood Award Foundation received this year among others. a. Aklilu Lemma and Legesse Wolde-Yohannes. The researchers from Ethiopia examined the properties of the endod plant so that it can now be used as a natural pesticide in agriculture.

Sunday December 10th 1989

• Masaya / Nicaragua : Unknown people attacked an election campaign event of the anti- Sandinista Unión Nacional Opositora in Masatepe. One person was killed and ten others were seriously injured. In 1990 the first free election in the history of Nicaragua is to take place. a. former United States President Jimmy Carter agrees.

Thursday December 14, 1989

Honorary testimony for Andrei Sakharov

• Moscow / Soviet Union : The population takes a large part in the death of human rights activist Andrei Sakharov , who for decades represented opinions that are actually anti-subversive in the Soviet Union. The liberal forces inside and outside the ruling CPSU are losing an important figure to identify with and have to revive their struggle for personal freedom and self-determination.

Friday December 15, 1989

• New York / United States : A second protocol is added to the international civil pact of the United Nations or UNO Pact II, which guarantees the “right to life”. All states that ratify the protocol undertake to renounce the death penalty in prison .

Saturday December 16, 1989

• Berlin / Germany : The Socialist Unity Party of Germany , which has ruled the GDR since 1949 , is renamed the “Socialist Unity Party of Germany - Party of Democratic Socialism ”.

Sunday 17th December 1989

• New York / United States : Due to the positive audience response sends the broadcaster Fox own Christmas episode of the animated -Figuren The Simpsons from the Tracey Ullman Show .
• Stuttgart / Germany : In tennis wins German Davis Cup team from Boris Becker , Eric Jelen and Carl-Uwe Steeb as defending against Sweden , the final of the 78th competition with 3: 2nd
• Tokyo / Japan : AC Milan from Italy wins the game for the soccer world cup for club teams 1-0 after extra time against Club Atlético Nacional from Medellín , Colombia .

Tuesday December 19, 1989

• Berlin / Germany : At the request of the party executive of the Federal German SPD , a working meeting between representatives of their party and representatives of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in the GDR takes place for the first time. The SPD party executive would like to discuss the interpretation of the newly formulated SPD basic program with the Social Democrats of the GDR and thus anticipate the integration of the SDP into its own party.
• Dresden / Germany : In the third largest city of the GDR, the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Helmut Kohl ( CDU ) speaks to several 10,000 people after a meeting with the GDR Prime Minister Hans Modrow ( SED ). After greeting the crowd as "dear compatriots", he confessed in his speech: "My goal remains the unity of our nation ."

Wednesday December 20, 1989

• Berlin / Germany : The delegates of the SPD party congress adopt a new basic program . The Berlin program focuses on a. Environmental policy , sustainability , equality between men and women, and peace policy and replaces the Godesberg program from 1959.
• Brussels / Belgium : Turkey's application to join the European Customs Union is assessed negatively by the Commission of the European Communities . A further negotiation based on the application submitted in 1987 is therefore excluded.

Friday December 22nd 1989

Berlin, removal of the wall at the Brandenburg Gate

Berlin, new ways at the Brandenburg Gate

Souvenir hunters on the Berlin Wall

Armed civilians in Bucharest

• Berlin / Germany : Some sections of the Berlin Wall south and north of the Brandenburg Gate will be removed in order to create a connection between Pariser Platz and Straße des 17. Juni for pedestrian traffic . Souvenir hunters are allowed to knock pieces out of the functionless wall everywhere and take them with them as souvenirs of the division of the city.
• Bucharest / Romania : Insurgents of the revolution occupy the state-controlled television station, others invade the building of the central committee of the PCR . Autocrat Nicolae Ceaușescu escapes in a helicopter from the Central Committee building to the presidential palace, in front of which demonstrators have gathered, but he manages to escape from the city by helicopter at the side of his wife. In this there is an exchange of fire between the military and unknown units on the square in front of the former royal palace.
• Târgoviște / Romania : On the run from the revolution , Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu are locked up by the director of a plant protection center under the pretext that they are safe in the facilities of the center. At the end of the day, summoned soldiers take the couple into custody and lock them up in the Târgoviste barracks.

Sunday December 24th 1989

• Panama City / Panama : The dictatorial ruling head of state Manuel Noriega escapes nine days after his controversial appointment as head of government and four days after the start of the military invasion of the United States in the message of the Vatican . The background to the US airborne operation is the dispute over the rights of American companies in the Panama Canal Zone and the death of a US soldier on December 15.

Friday December 29th 1989

• Bonn / Germany : Citizens of the GDR are paid for the last time the welcome money introduced in 1971 when they enter the Federal Republic of Germany , which in 1988 was set at 100 D-Marks per person and year. In 1988, the Federal Republic's welcome money to GDR citizens totaled 260 million D-Marks; according to Chancellor Helmut Kohl , an amount of at least 1.8 billion D-Marks is expected for 1989 . Spending rose noticeably after the fall of the Berlin Wall .
• Prague / Czechoslovakia : The Federal Assembly elects a president for the first time since the end of the Second World War without having to take into account the guidelines of the Communist Party . As expected, the election fell on the only candidate Václav Havel ( Citizens' Forum ), who played a major role in the protest against the autocracy of the Communist Party during the Velvet Revolution in November.
• Warsaw / Poland : The People's Republic is dissolved. The lower house of parliament adopts a motion to remove the “leading role” of the Polish Socialist United Workers' Party , which has been in power since 1944, from the country's constitution. Only one mandate holder votes against this proposal.

See also

• Nekrolog December 1989 for deaths that month
• List of annually recurring commemorative and action days in December
• Category for commemorative days, holidays or days of action in December

Web links

Leipzig in December 1989

Commons : December 1989  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

Individual evidence

1. ^ The People's Chamber of the GDR in Transition. In: dra.de . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . 
2. ^ Tessa Hofmann : Approaching Armenia: Past and Present . 2nd Edition. Verlag CH Beck , Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54136-4 , pp. 149 .
3. ↑ garnet. In: nasa.gov . Retrieved December 5, 2018 . 
4. ↑ nasa.gov : Granat in the NSSDCA Master Catalog (English)
5. ↑ We met the Pope. In: cicero.de , material from Herder publishing house . 2004, accessed December 1, 2018 . 
6. ↑ PDS. In: rosalux.de . February 2005, accessed January 16, 2017 . 
7. ^ Gorbachev and Bush declare Cold War over at Malta summit. In: bt.com . November 30, 2018, accessed August 5, 2019 . 
8. ↑ "Four weeks before they applauded me". In: tagesspiegel.de . July 29, 2019, accessed August 5, 2019 . 
9. ^ Jordan, Parliamentary Chamber: Majlis Al-Nuwaab, Elections held in 1989. In: ipu.org . Retrieved April 17, 2018 (English): "On December 4, he appointed Mr. Mudar Badran as the new Prime Minister" 
10. ^ Egon Krenz - The end of an SED career. In: welt.de . November 20, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2017 . 
11. ↑ Gunman massacres 14 women at Montreal's École Polytechnique. In: cbc.ca . Retrieved December 6, 2018 . 
12. ↑ Erich Mielke - the face of the Stasi. In: havemann-gesellschaft.de . January 25, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017 . 
13. ↑ bstu.bund.de : National Defense Council of the GDR (NVR) ( Memento from May 15, 2018 in the web archive archive.today )
14. ↑ AIDS Information Version 2.0. In: Virus Bulletin . January 1990, accessed July 8, 2017 . 
15. ↑ The Unfinished. In: cicero.de . June 8, 2015, accessed November 19, 2017 . 
16. ↑ People Brief. In: The Scientist . March 5, 1990, accessed on October 31, 2017 (English): "received the award December 9" 
17. ^ Observing Nicaragua's Elections, 1989-1990. (PDF) In: cartercenter.org . May 1990, accessed November 15, 2017 . 
18. ↑ Johannes Grotzky : Challenge of the Soviet Union: a world power seeks its way . Piper Verlag , Munich 1991, ISBN 3-492-03463-2 , p. 45 .
19. ^ Julian Rössler: Political Freedom in International Law . Mohr Siebeck Verlag , Tübingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-16-154634-1 , p. 203 .
20. ^ "Until another decision we are called Socialist Unity Party of Germany - Party of Democratic Socialism". In: deutschlandfunk.de . December 16, 2014, accessed January 16, 2017 . 
21. ↑ biw.fh-deggendorf.de: Origin of the Simpsons ( Memento from June 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
22. ↑ The second German triumph. In: dw.com . December 17, 2009, accessed December 5, 2018 . 
23. ↑ World Cup, competitions 1960-2004. In: ifosta.de, Jörg Thomas. Retrieved May 8, 2016 . 
24. ↑ The fall of the Berlin Wall. In: spd-lippstadt-kernstadt.de, SPD . 2011, accessed July 12, 2018 . 
25. ^ Speech by the Federal Chancellor at the rally in front of the Frauenkirche in Dresden. In: bundesregierung.de . December 22, 1989, accessed July 11, 2020 . 
26. ^ Helmut Kohl's historical speech in Dresden. In: mdr.de . June 11, 2020, accessed July 11, 2020 . 
27. ^ Basic program of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. In: spd.de . December 20, 1989. Retrieved December 2, 2019 . 
28. ^ Commission Opinion on Turkey's request for accession to the community. In: cvce.eu . 2013, accessed on August 26, 2018 . 
29. ↑ The Wall opens and falls. In: berlin.de . Retrieved November 13, 2017 . 
30. ↑ When the dictator fled to the roof. In: zeit.de . December 17, 2014, accessed February 13, 2017 . 
31. ↑ Ceaușescu - the sudden end of the last European dictator. In: srf.ch . December 25, 2014, accessed February 13, 2017 . 
32. ^ How heavy metal broke Manuel Noriega. In: bbc.com . May 30, 2017, accessed December 24, 2018 . 
33. ↑ The fall of the Berlin Wall was followed by a shopping spree. In: berliner-zeitung.de . November 10, 2014, accessed December 31, 2018 . 
34. ↑ How many Trabis the GDR built. In: faz.net . November 8, 2014, accessed on December 31, 2018 : "On December 29, 1989 it was over" 
35. ↑ Human rights activist, dramaturge, politician - Václav Havel will be absent from the Czech Republic. In: kas.de . December 19, 2011, accessed January 16, 2018 . 
36. ^ The revolutionary movements of 1989 in Central and Eastern Europe. In: bpb.de . March 20, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2017 .