Ernst Fresdorf

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Ernst Andreas Fresdorf giving a speech (November 1931)

Ernst Andreas Fresdorf (born September 4, 1889 in Rothensee , Wolmirstedt district , † October 25, 1967 in Cologne ) was a German senior municipal civil servant .

Life

The father, who was born in Loburg ( district of Jerichow I ), worked as a district court clerk after 12 years of military service. The mother came from Großmühlingen ( Bernburg district , Duchy of Anhalt ).

education

Fresdorf first attended the Magdeburg Citizens' School , then the Reform Realgymnasium there, where he passed the final exam in 1909. He then studied at the universities of Freiburg , Leipzig , Marburg , Berlin and Halle (Saale) Jura and was on 2 March 1913 at Paul Oertmann at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg with the work "The fraudulent law as the basis for action against" PhD .

He passed the first state examination in law in July 1912 in Naumburg (Saale) . On December 5, 1912 he was at the District Court Wanzleben sworn in as a court clerk. After being drafted briefly, he was released from military service for health reasons around 1915. He passed his assessor examination on February 19, 1918 with the grade “almost good”. As a court assessor, he worked as a provisional independent judge at the local courts of Wittenberg , Calbe (Saale) , Barby , Magdeburg, at the criminal chamber at the Magdeburg district court and as a public prosecutor in Stendal . At the beginning of October 1918 he left the Prussian judicial administration and worked as an assessor under Governor Ernst von Heyking at the Poznan Provincial Association .

In 1919 he married Charlotte (called Lotte) Thiel in Liegnitz .

After Posen was handed over to Poland , he was mediated by Kurt von Kleefeld as a syndic at the Fürstlich- Hohenlohe administration with headquarters in Berlin, specifically at the Princely Chamber in Slawentzitz ( Cosel district ) in the province of Upper Silesia . There he worked on legal and economic issues relating to the administration, which comprised 120,000 acres of forestry and 80,000 acres of agriculture. According to its own information, Fresdorf left this region again because of the unrest that was also burgeoning there. During the third Polish uprising in 1921, Slawentzitz was one of the scenes of violent armed clashes between Polish insurgents and German volunteer organizations with the participation of the Oberland Freikorps .

Activity in Magdeburg

In June 1919 Fresdorf became Magistrate Assessor in Magdeburg, from April 1, 1920 Magistrate Council, from April 1, 1922 paid member of the Magistrate (elected city ​​council ) and as such finally also department head for theater and orchestra matters, after he was initially the department for property, Had taken over building police, evacuation and settlement matters. Fresdorf's work for the Magdeburg theater is later characterized as determined. As a municipal civil servant , he may have already worked for MIAMA ( Central German Exhibition Magdeburg or, in detail, Central German Exhibition for Settlement, Social Welfare and Work - “Reconstruction Exhibition” ) carried out in 1922 in Rotehorn Park . At least he took part in the internationally acclaimed German theater exhibition in Magdeburg in 1927 in Rotehornpark, which was initially planned as "Mask Magdeburg 1926".

Fresdorf was a member of the SPD since 1920 . Some evidence suggests that he was personally increasingly part of the right wing within the party. During his Magdeburg tenure, his brother, the civil engineer Erich Fresdorf, who lives in a settlement in the Westerhüsen district , was also active in the area of ​​settlement in the city administration.

Lord Mayor of Brandenburg

Friedrich Ebert junior, 1928

In November 1926 he was elected Lord Mayor of the city of Brandenburg an der Havel . Here he was a member of the leading bodies of the Prussian and German Association of Cities in Berlin and was elected a board member of the Prussian Association of Cities in 1928, to which he was a member until March 1932. He worked there primarily as a member of the housing committee and as a settlement specialist and was considered a real estate specialist. From about 1926 to 1932 he was also a member of the administrative board of the Girozentrale of the Province of Brandenburg and district director of the Provincial Fire Society. He was also a member of leading bodies in regional and nationwide tourism organizations from around 1926 to 1932. He was the chairman of the Brandenburg Transport Association, which he combined from fragmented, fighting organizations for the entire area of ​​the Mark Brandenburg. In 1933 - when he was already deposed as Cologne mayor - he was honorary chairman of this association. This provincial transport association quickly gained in importance. As its chairman, Fresdorf also became chairman of the Prussian regional transport association and as such a member of the executive committee of the Federation of German Transport Associations. According to his own statements, Ernst Fresdorf had a particular share in the unification of the north and south German regional transport associations working against each other. As exhibition commissioner for the Federation of German Transport Associations, Fresdorf worked on the "Transport Exhibition" in Dresden in 1929, officially the 8th Annual Show of German Work "Travel and Hiking".

Fresdorf promoted the construction of suburban settlements based on a concept that was new at the time. According to Ernst Fresdorf, the suburban settlements in Brandenburg owed “the excellent preparations by the Erbs City Building Council - Brandenburg and my initiative for their creation, implementation and expansion”. The Brandenburg settlements were considered a “prototype” and served as a model for the later appointed Reich Settlement Commissioner. Ernst Fresdorf describes himself as a staunch supporter of the land reform movement in 1933 . He put this view into practice in all of his spheres of activity. This included the introduction of heritable building rights, extensive promotion of the suburban settlement, etc. His professional work met with approval and understanding by "broadest sections of the population ... in the field of real estate and settlement". Always unanimous resolutions of the specialist committees would confirm this fact.

In retrospect, a few years after 1945, however, the relationship between him and the Brandenburg SPD parliamentary group leader Friedrich Ebert junior is described as tense. Under Ebert's leadership, the SPD parliamentary group represented more radical political positions, while Ernst Fresdorf, as head of administration, pursued a more moderate course. This constant conflict situation is said to have moved Fresdorf to give up the post of mayor in Brandenburg and go to Cologne. His choice there, however, was a political issue. The discussions in the Cologne city council were in parts very polemical.

Mayor of Cologne

On November 20, 1931 he was elected First Alderman and Mayor of the City of Cologne , responsible for representing the Lord Mayor and property management, and later also Head of the Municipal Works. He took office on January 28, 1932. Previously, the long-time First Alderman and Mayor Bruno Matzerath had resigned in Cologne . The replacement of an alderman with Fresdorf is certainly due to the fact that representatives of the Protestant citizens of Cologne asked for another evangelical alderman in the Cologne council of councilors, which at that time had around 16 members. The appropriate professional aptitude, previous professional experience and personal awareness resulted from the joint work in the associations and also from party membership in the SPD. All of the factors corresponded to the skillful balancing of interests aimed at a balanced, equal participation of all local political forces, as Konrad Adenauer might have pursued.

In the first phase of Fresdorf's Cologne term of office, the settlement company Am Bilderstöckchen was founded , which wanted to create affordable living space in small settlements for the less well-off, following a model similar to that in Brandenburg. The Hohenlind Hospital is one of the important buildings that were erected or completed during his tenure as property manager in Cologne .

Immediately after the local elections on March 12, 1933, the Cologne District President Hans Elfgen deposed Mayor Konrad Adenauer , Mayor Ernst Fresdorf and, at the same time, Deputy Mayor Johannes Meerfeld (SPD), under pressure from NS Gauleiter Josef Grohé . The NSDAP city ​​council faction, to which Grohé also belonged, had already announced in 1931, before Fresdorf took office, on the occasion of the intended and decided vacancies and the election in the city parliament, that they wanted to depose Fresdorf, "paper contracts" would not prevent them from doing so in due course to do what they think is right.

The “dismissal” on March 13th corresponded to a suspension or leave of absence and was more of a provisional measure. On November 1, 1933, Ernst Fresdorf was retired on the basis of the law to restore the civil service .

Flight and illegality

Fresdorf was arrested on March 7 or 9, 1933 and was then imprisoned until April 4, 1933, first in the Klingelpütz prison in Cologne and then in the Wittlich prison. Wilhelm Sollmann reported that on the evening of March 9, 1933, the mayor Fresdorf and the alderman Jean Meerfeld, both unharmed, were taken to the prison hospital in Cologne. Sollmann was handed over to the police together with his colleague from the Rheinische Zeitung Hugo Efferoth on the same day after severe abuse by NSDAP members and received medical care in the police prison in Klingelpütz.

After 1950, Ernst Fresdorf was able to demonstrate in the compensation proceedings that after his release from prison he lived from about May 1933 to April 1934 in illegality . This period was recognized for the financial compensation because the Gestapo threatened to arrest him again, which is why he was temporarily hidden in the Kolping House in Cologne in 1933 and changed his actual stay several times without prior notice. Among other things, he kept hidden with a relative who had been a pastor in Micheln ( Calbe a./S. ) Since 1932 . He fled from there in the summer of 1933 when the police became aware of his whereabouts. The local gendarme allegedly referred to the pastor about an arrest warrant from Hermann Göring passed on over the "state radio" . There are said to have been repeated house searches in Ernst Fresdorf's apartment during the period of illegal life.

A financial compensation for occupational damage was only partially recognized, because the compensation authority only partially regarded the loss of pay as a result of National Socialist injustice, and partially as an effect of general savings legislation, in particular of salary cuts, which affected every civil servant. Fresdorf did not share this point of view and, as he put it, did not agree with the result of the proceedings from a legal and moral point of view, but he waived a lawsuit. Fresdorf told the district president of Cologne as the compensation authority that the work had been violently taken out of his hands for a total of 17 years. Appropriate compensation is therefore justified. In its reports and applications to the district president, the city of Cologne also argued that Fresdorf had been hired as a "reparation officer" in 1950.

As a politically persecuted and former political prisoner he was recognized in Cologne in a formal procedure.

Work in the time of National Socialism

In May 1933 he submitted an application for membership to the NSDAP local group in Bernburg (Saale) , which, however, did not reach them before the end of the admission freeze. Supported by his brothers living in the state of Anhalt and the province of Saxony , one of whom had been a member of the NSDAP for a long time and using his personal contacts in the party organizations in his place of residence, including the Bernburg SA leader Ulrich Freiherr von Bothmer , who later became General Labor Leader and subsequent SRP politicians who tried to intervene, he tried hard to defend himself against his dismissal and to obtain further cooperation in a leading position.

The brother made submissions at various levels and also made an effort personally in Cologne with the new Lord Mayor Günter Riesen , but without success. According to statements at the time, Fresdorf found it very difficult to leave active service, and he was depressed by the condemnation of inactivity. Reuse in the public service or reactivation from retirement, let alone rehabilitation , did not take place until the end of the Nazi regime . Outside of the public administration it was also difficult for him to gain a foothold professionally. After his removal from office and subsequent compulsory retirement in 1933, Fresdorf submitted applications for admission as a lawyer in the Cologne Higher Regional Court and as an administrative lawyer at the Prussian Higher Administrative Court in Berlin, which were rejected.

Among the personal information obtained in these application procedures from various party offices (including from individuals such as lawyer Heimsoeth in Cologne, a former DNVP city councilor), all of which were negative in the political assessment, the statements of the NSDAP in Gau Kurmark ( Mark Brandenburg ) stand out particularly sharp sound. The 1933 initiated at the instigation of the new rulers disciplinary proceedings won Fresdorf with the support of his former colleagues Councilor Ernst Schwering after about two years time.

From around 1935 he worked with the public accountant and tax advisor Richard Fuchs in Cologne and continued his education in this regard. From around 1937 he worked as a legal assistant in his practice. Fresdorf tried to get a license to work as a foreign exchange advisor and as a helper in tax matters, but this was refused due to political unreliability. The rejection letter from the finance president dated May 10, 1940 with a view to admission as a foreign exchange advisor is said to have been confiscated by the Soviet authorities in Eisenach in 1945.

According to various sources, Fresdorf started working on foreign exchange issues for the persecuted Jews from 1937 onwards . Non-Aryans were largely excluded from general practice in this field until 1937. Helpers in tax matters required general permission from the tax office in accordance with Section 107 a RAO to exercise their profession. "Jews ... are basically excluded, with the exception of taxes that are levied by a Jewish religious society. In the latter case, no special permission from the tax office is required. ”Foreign exchange advisors required the permission of the chief finance president as a foreign exchange office. “… Jews… permission is not granted.” At the end of 1936, Jews were excluded from the work of book auditor. For auditors , however, the situation was still different in 1938:

“The comrade must be bound by blood. Therefore, in the interests of the professional community of all German accountants, it is still time that the 'publicly appointed' Jewish accountants who are still active today are finally completely eradicated. Although a further inflow of Jews to this profession was blocked in 1936, this block does not affect Jews who have already been active. For a National Socialist professional leadership it remains m. E. Unacceptable to be professional management - even if only formally - for Jewish professionals at the same time. The large number of existing German professionals is not so small in skill that they cannot do without these Jewish "luminaries". "

- Rudolf Liß : Renewal of the public trust system . The chartered accountant of the future.

From February 1, 1943 to the end of March 1945, Fresdorf worked as an in-house counsel at Treuhand-Vereinigung AG, based in Berlin. The Cologne branch has been looked after by Albert Meier alongside Hermann Dietes since 1935 . The Treuhand-Vereinigung AG is said to have played a role in the "creeping Aryanization" of Heiligendamm , which was reported in the course of 2007.

His attempts at a more independent professional exercise as a freelancer , whether as a self-employed person , partner or also as an employee or by acquiring an additional qualification with a professional permit, failed during the entire period of National Socialism. He wanted to work with his specialist knowledge in the National Socialist state, as he has expressly stated himself in contemporary résumés with reference to individual examples of other former social democrats, but ultimately remained excluded without ever being exposed to direct repression . He defended himself against the allegations in the room of being “Marxist” and “atheist”, as already brought forward by Nazi city councilors in Cologne in 1931/32, as well as a “party registrar” by referring to the things he was trained to do national and Christian attitude and his factual manner of administration or his good relations with the Reichswehr during his term in office in Brandenburg, which he maintained as one of the very few social democratic mayors. At least up to around 1936 it has been proven that in his motions he included such facts that act as plus points in the eyes of the new rulers and, despite his many years of membership in the SPD, with occasional pithy, party-politically tinged public statements during his term in office in Brandenburg could put a positive light, led into the field.

The extraordinarily strong political claim of all auditing and tax advisory professions due to their extensive inclusion in the National Socialist economic and legal system, Weyershaus describes in detail in his study on auditing from 1931 onwards. This shows that Fresdorf had not withdrawn into a niche when he was Middle-aged lawyer found a new field of activity. Before 1945 Fresdorf was a parish councilor of the Protestant parish in Cologne-Lindenthal . According to evidence, he was personally acquainted with the later city superintendent Encke, who is known as an outstanding Cologne representative of the Confessing Church.

Lord Mayor of Eisenach and imprisonment in the NKVD camp

After the end of the Second World War , Fresdorf was appointed Lord Mayor of the city of Eisenach in transit by the American military authorities with effect from May 7, 1945, after the city was captured on April 6, 1945, and was in charge of all government authorities in the Eisenach area of all sub-authorities commissioned by Reich agencies. US city commander at the time was LTC Knute Hanston. A little later, MAJ Bassinor followed this in office. As Lord Mayor, he took the initiative and tried to establish contacts with the appointed Lord Mayors of other large Thuringian cities in order to talk to one another, to arrange meetings for professional exchange and to initiate cooperation at the municipal level. In 1945 Fresdorf met his former colleague from Cologne, Ernst Schwering , who accompanied the transport to bring back freed Cologne beech forest prisoners .

Fresdorf wanted to return to Cologne from Eisenach, but received no permission from the US military government and was supposed to remain in his post as mayor even when the Americans withdrew. Already on 25./26. In July he was deposed and arrested by the Soviet occupation forces on charges of a foreign exchange offense. However, this reason is only one of several versions and, as far as known, was not officially communicated. Variants of the reasons are, for example, gold was found during the house search on the day of arrest, or letters and documents were found in which Ernst Fresdorf was referred to as “mayor” and “lawyer”. The city command officially declared in the meeting with the German administration that the dismissal had taken place because of bad work and bad execution of the given orders. It is documented that a short time before the arrest a commission of Soviet officers arrived in Eisenach who said that far too few fascists had been arrested in Eisenach and urged that efforts in this direction should be intensified. It would be obvious to attribute the arrest operation to this as well. It was said in the family that Fresdorf issued a call to the Soviet soldiers not to plunder but to use their own magazines. The occupying power resented this and was arrested as a result. In 1950 he wrote to the Lord Mayor of Mannheim, an old colleague, from Cologne that he had been denounced by the KPD .

As Lord Mayor of Eisenach, Fresdorf lived on the Wartburg in the apartment of the last captain of the castle until the office was revived in 1992 , the art historian Hans Albrecht von der Gabelentz-Linsingen. The arrest took place there in the early morning. According to documents from the German Red Cross from 1990, the reason for arrest "Mayor" was given in the Soviet prisoner lists at Ernst Fresdorf. After his arrest, he was initially a "personal prisoner" of the city ​​commandant for several weeks and was imprisoned in a prison in Eisenach. It appears that there was no charge or conviction and therefore no trial or defense for Fresdorf.

On September 18, 1945, he was transferred to special camp 2 of the NKVD in Buchenwald near Weimar . He remained imprisoned there until the camps were closed in February 1950. He is one of the “administratively repressed” of the Stalin era , who, according to the position currently represented by the competent authorities of the Russian Federation, cannot count on rehabilitation for unjustly suffered persecution or punishment without future legislative changes. Information from or inspection of personal files on former prisoners is also not granted. Like most prisoners in Special Camp No. 2 in Buchenwald, Fresdorf was not allowed to work during the entire five-year internment period. Conversations with fellow prisoners were possible. His imminent release was announced to relatives within the GDR via a fellow prisoner who had been released a little earlier. For Fresdorf there was no other possibility of external contact during the entire time in the camp.

Lotte Fresdorf stated around 1947 that she had tried unsuccessfully in various ways to obtain information and also to get her husband released, including through the East Office of the SPD in Berlin with Fritz Ebert junior, with the Thuringian regional bishop Moritz Mitzenheim , the Munich cardinal Michael von Faulhaber and the DRK tracing service . Concurrent efforts were also made with only scant success via the combat group against inhumanity . After his release in February 1950, he stayed briefly in Eisenach, then fled to Cologne via Dessau and Berlin (West). Fresdorf came back from prison in poor health. He was temporarily taken in and cared for in a Quaker house in Bad Pyrmont for rest and recovery.

Post-war activity in Cologne

From March 1950 to 1954 Fresdorf was city ​​director , deputy of the main administrative officer , department head for the statistical office and property department, from October 1, 1953 also department head for economy and ports in Cologne.

After his retirement in 1954, he worked for about a year for the Cologne Exhibition Center, which at that time was only partially publicly owned. In October 1954, the city administration made it very important to continue to employ him on a private service contract so that he could continue to oversee a number of projects in the field of urban planning and, in the start-up phase, the reallocation committee, which first became active on April 1, 1954 . In this way it was still possible to circumvent the age discrimination introduced by law at the time , because despite the fact that the election period had not yet expired, Ernst Fresdorf had to resign on October 1, 1954 after reaching the age limit according to the State Civil Service Act. The district president rejected an exceptional extension of the service term requested and requested by the city. He volunteered, among other things, with the DRK in Cologne, in committees of the Antoniter Siedlungsgesellschaft mbH, founded in 1951 in the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region (ASG), and with an old people's home. Probably as part of his work with the DRK, Fresdorf was also active in helping Hungarian refugees in 1956. He was chairman of the overall management of the first Cologne Federal Horticultural Show in 1957 in the Rheinpark site and presented the final report he signed for the 1957 BUGA.

Works

  • The creditor's right of avoidance as the basis of the appeal . Borna-Leipzig, 1913.
  • The struggle of the city of Magdeburg to acquire the citadel. In: Magdeburg Official Journal 1926. Vol. 3, pp. 391–392.

In addition, only a few smaller articles on specialist topics from the period before 1933 are known of Fresdorf's publications that can be verified by name.

Archival sources

  • Magdeburg city archive , personal files, files on the theater exhibition and others.
  • Eisenach city archive , personal files, discussions with the occupying power.
  • Historical archive of the city of Cologne , files on vacancies and others (status before the collapse, viewed around 1991 on site in Severinstrasse).
  • Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv (in Potsdam), holdings 2.2 Administrative region Potsdam: 2.2.1 Regional authorities - Government Potsdam, files of the local authority supervision.
  • Secret State Archives of Prussian Cultural Heritage , holdings of the Prussian Higher Administrative Court (also deposited at the headquarters in Berlin-Dahlem before the fall of the Wall) as well as the Reich and Prussian Ministry of the Interior, municipal supervision (deposited at the Merseburg depot until approx. 1994, then returned to Berlin).
  • LAV NRW Main State Archive Düsseldorf Courts Rep. 11 No. 1718.
  • District government Düsseldorf (Department 10, reparation, after integration of the state pension authority from January 1, 1995, initially as department 7), Federal Central File (BZK) as the central and joint register of the federal government and the states (documentation of compensation procedures carried out by all compensation authorities in the Federal Republic) and reparation archive : Files from all former compensation authorities of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (file archive, compensation files) [limited usability; the author had complete access around 1991].
  • Hamburg State Archives , vacancies in Bergedorf.
  • City archive Hagen in Westphalia , vacancies.
  • Federal Archives , Department R - German Reich 1495 to 1945 (seat: Berlin-Lichterfelde), inventory R 3001 Reich Ministry of Justice 1867–1945, personal file process.
  • City of Cologne , Personnel Office, personnel files of political and election officials [limited usability; the author had complete access around 1991].
  • Thuringian Main State Archive Weimar , State of Thuringia, central authorities (1920–1952), Office of the Prime Minister: Correspondence MP Dr. Rudolf Paul with the head of administration of the SMA Thuringia Guard General Major Iwan S. Kolesnitschenko and the district chairman of the SPD Thuringia Dr. Hermann L. Brill .
  • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , University Archives, UAE: C2 / 3 No. 3579, doctorate on March 2, 1913.
  • Mannheim City Archives , Hermann Heimerich estate, correspondence.
  • Wartburg Foundation Eisenach, archive, diary No. 16, pages 330, 333 and 343 as well as foundation file No. 487, page 68.
  • Estates of Erich Fresdorf, Kurt Fresdorf, Gisela Fresdorf (private property).

Other sources

  • Information from contemporary witnesses (oral and written, private property)
  • Private letter from Lotte Fresdorf (private collection)
  • Press archives Kölner Stadtanzeiger and Kölnische Rundschau (publisher M. DuMont Schauberg)
  • Estate files of the Magdeburg District Court (estate of Agnes Bühring née Schmidt, 1949 ff.)

literature

  • Hugo Stehkämper (Ed.): Konrad Adenauer. Lord Mayor of Cologne. The city of Cologne celebrated the 100th birthday of its honorary citizen on January 5, 1976. Cologne 1976, p. 625, ill. Before p. 257, responsibilities of the department heads 1906–1933 (enclosure).
  • Negotiations of the city council of Cologne. 1931-1933, 1953.
  • Negotiations of the city council of Cologne. 1950-1952.
  • Negotiations of the Council of the City of Cologne in 1954 .
  • Documentation for the Geodetic Week Cologne 1975. 100 years of Cologne city surveying and real estate management. Created by members of the property office. Edited by of the city of Cologne, undated, undated [Grundwerk, Cologne, autumn 1974, with supplementary booklet 1 to the documentation, Cologne, summer 1978], pp. 38, 41, 45.
  • Werner Jung: Modern Cologne. The historical city guide. [1914-2005. From the First World War to the present], Cologne 2006, p. 105.
  • Historical archive of the city of Cologne (ed.): Resistance and persecution in Cologne 1933–1945. Exhibition of the Historical Archives of the City of Cologne February 8 to April 28, 1974, unchanged reprint of the Cologne 1974 edition, Cologne 1981 [catalog, editing: Hugo Stehkämper, author of Part III. 3rd Social Democratic Party: Franz Irsfeld and Gertrud Wegener; the exhibition was initiated by writers and with the support of a working group chaired by the city superintendent i. R. Hans Encke developed, supported by the Council and Administration of the City of Cologne and the Archdiocese of Cologne], p. 115.
  • Hans Peter Mensing (arrangement): Adenauer in the Third Reich. Schöningh, Paderborn 1991 (part of the Adenauer collection . Rhöndorfer edition. Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus foundation. Ed. By Rudolf Morsey and Hans-Peter Schwarz), pp. 61, 161, 163 f., 499.
  • News Office of the City of Cologne (Ed.): Wilhelm Sollmann I. (Editing, illustration and design: Peter Fuchs, News Office, author of the biography: Heinz Kühn), Wilhelm Sollmann II. On the 100th birthday on April 1, 1981. (Document section and Catalog of an exhibition of the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne in the piazzetta of the Cologne City Hall April 2 to May 30, 1981, compilation of the exhibition and catalog processing: Ulrike Nyassi, Historical Archive) [The double font was published as volume 16 of the Cologne Biographies series, ed . from the news office], Cologne 1981, vol. II, p. 66.
  • Adolf Klein: Cologne in the Third Reich. City history from 1933–1945. Cologne 1983, pp. 67, 74. (Part of the series From the Cologne City History, edited by Heiko Steuer in collaboration with the Cologne City Museum)
  • Kurt Schönbohm: Cologne: Green areas 1945–1975. Cologne 1988, pp. 73, 74, 153. (Stadtspuren - Denkmäler in Köln, edited by the City of Cologne, Der Oberstadtdirektor, Stadtkonservator, Red.Hiltrud Kier, Vol. 16)
  • Joachim Bauer, Dieter Klein-Meynen, Henriette Meynen: Garden on the river. The Rheinpark in Cologne. Cologne 2007, pp. 33, 36, 40 (photo and caricature / drawing), 51, 52, 56, 57, 174.
  • Werner Adams, Joachim Bauer (ed.): From the botanical garden to the urban green. 200 years of Cologne Green. Cologne 2001, p. 237 f. (Stadtspuren - Monuments in Cologne, Volume 30)
  • [ASG Antoniter Siedlungs-GmbH Cologne (ed.):] Antoniter Siedlungsgesellschaft mbH Cologne. Non-profit housing company. Festschrift for the 25th anniversary . O. O., o. J. [Cologne, September 1976], p. 15 (Supervisory Board members).
  • Antoniter Siedlungsgesellschaft mbH, Cologne (ASG) (Ed.): 50 years of Antoniter Siedlungsgesellschaft mbH. 1951-2001. 50 years of construction - 50 years of living - 50 years of change. Cologne, 2001, p. 29 (Supervisory Board members).
  • [GSG Am Bilderstöckchen GmbH, Cologne (ed.):] 1932–1982. 50 years of the non-profit settlement company Am Bilderstöckchen, Cologne . O. O., o. J. [Cologne, around the end of 1981, text and design: Hubert Horn, Friedel Weber using the parish chronicle of St. Franziskus Am Bilderstöckchen].
  • Günter Wenzel: Eisenach 1945–1952. The formation of new local organs of power in the Wartburg city of Eisenach. Eisenach 1989 [Eisenacher Schriften zur Heimatkunde, Heft 42, Ed .: District Commission for Research into the History of the Local Labor Movement at the District Management of the SED, Pedagogical District Cabinet and EISENACH information], pp. 11, 13, 17, 18, 19.
  • Otto Tschirch: History of the Chur and capital Brandenburg an der Havel, commemorative publication for the millennium of the city in 1928/29. Brandenburg 1928, Vol. II, p. 360, ill. Before p. 365.
  • Grasow, Friedrich: Brandenburg the millennial city. A walk through the culture and architecture of past centuries. Edited by Friedrich Grasow on behalf of the magistrate. 928-1928. Self-published by the city of Brandenburg. Brandenburg undated [November 1927], before p. 7.
  • Heinz Vosske : Friedrich Ebert. A picture of life. Berlin 1987, p. 43.
  • Wolfgang Kusior: The city of Brandenburg in retrospect . Side lights through a turbulent time. Berlin 2000, pp. 29, 35.
  • Karl-Heinz Röhring: parties and elections. In: Stahl und Brennabor. The city of Brandenburg in the 19th and 20th centuries. Edited by Gerd Heinrich, Klaus Heß, Winfried Schich, Wolfgang Schößler on behalf of the City of Brandenburg an der Havel, Potsdam 1998 [Library of Brandenburg and Prussian History, Vol. 3], p. 206.
  • Harald Bodenschatz, Carsten Seifert: Urban planning and housing construction (1871–1945). In: Stahl und Brennabor. The city of Brandenburg in the 19th and 20th centuries. Edited by Gerd Heinrich, Klaus Heß, Winfried Schich, Wolfgang Schößler on behalf of the city, p. 117.
  • Klaus Heß: Republic and Nazi dictatorship: the city administration and the city district in the phase of the expansion of the city into the second largest industrial location in the province of Mark Brandenburg (1918–1945). In: Stahl und Brennabor. The city of Brandenburg in the 19th and 20th centuries. Edited by Gerd Heinrich, Klaus Heß, Winfried Schich, Wolfgang Schößler on behalf of the city, pp. 67, 70, 80.
  • Magistrate of the City of Magdeburg (Ed.): 50 Years of the City Theater in Magdeburg. > Mask <1927. Festschrift for the 50th anniversary of the Magdeburg City Theater 1876–1926, May 1926, p. 7 (ill.), P. 8 f.
  • Mitteldeutsche Ausstellunggesellschaft mbH Magdeburg (Hrsg.): German Theater Exhibition Magdeburg 1927 May - September Official catalog. Industrial and commercial department. Special exhibitions. P. 32.
  • Paul Alfred Merbach: Prehistory and course of the German Theater Exhibition Magdeburg 1927. In: The German Theater Exhibition Magdeburg 1927. A description of its creation and its course. Ed .: Mitteldeutsche Ausstellunggesellschaft mbH, Magdeburg 1928, p. 9 f.
  • Johannes Reinhardt: The German theater exhibition in 1927 in Magdeburg. In: Magdeburg leaves. Annual journal for local and cultural history in the Magdeburg district. 1987. [Ed .: Erich Weinert University of Education on behalf of the Magdeburg District Council.], P. 61.
  • Reichs Handbuch der Deutschen Gesellschaft: the handbook of personalities in words and pictures / introduced by Ferdinand Tönnies . Volume 1 A - K, Berlin: Deutscher Wirtschaftsverlag, 1930.

Web links

Commons : Ernst Fresdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Personal memories of Gisela Fresdorf: Her grandfather was "twelve-donors", compare various civil status documents, parish book excerpts as well as proof of descent of Erich, Ernst and Kurt Fresdorf as well as the cousin Walter Bühring (son of the sister of the mother Agnes Bühring born Schmidt) from his personal file in the archive of Ev. Consistory Magdeburg
  2. ↑ Doctoral files from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Archives
  3. ↑ Among other things, primarily Ernst Fresdorf's own statements in his résumés from the 1930s, compare files of the Reich and Prussian Ministry of Justice, containing the swearing-in on the monarch, Federal Archives Koblenz (written information about 1988).
  4. ↑ Among other things, various civil status documents, marriage certificate according to the Ernst Fresdorf personal file of the city of Cologne, Fresdorf's own statements in the résumés of the 1930s.
  5. ↑ On the person of the President of the Hohenlohe Administration: Written information from the Hohenlohe Central Archives around 1988 and 2008; Fresdorf does not name him.
  6. ↑ Fresdorf's own statements in his résumés in the 1930s
  7. ↑ Among other things, literature on the history of the federal Oberland and the resistance circles Ernst Niekisch.
  8. ^ Friedemann Krusche: Theater in Magdeburg, Volume 2, A foray through the 20th century. Mitteldeutscher Verlag Halle 1995, ISBN 3-354-00880-6 , p. 16 f.
  9. ^ Friedemann Krusche: Theater in Magdeburg, Volume 2, A foray through the 20th century. Mitteldeutscher Verlag Halle 1995, ISBN 3-354-00880-6 , p. 249.
  10. ↑ See letter of recommendation from the city of Magdeburg to the city administration of Hagen in Westphalia, personal file Ernst Fresdorf, city archive Magdeburg, as well as files for appointments to the mayor of Hagen, city archive Hagen, approx. 1925/1926
  11. ^ Workshop Settlements of the Twenties - Publication 29/94 of the Magdeburg City Planning Office, H.-J. Olbricht: Settlement development in the 1920s including garden cities, PDF p. 21–30, print pagination p. 51–60, Erich Fresdorf see PDF p. 24–25, print pagination p. 54, 56.
  12. ^ Workshop Settlements of the Twenties - Publication 29/94 of the Magdeburg City Planning Office, H.-J. Olbricht: Settlement development in the 20s including garden cities, end of the article, PDF, pp. 1–4, print pagination pp. 61–64.
  13. ^ Symposium Bruno Taut - Publication 48 / I / II / 95 of the Magdeburg City Planning Office, Regina Prinz: Der Generalsiedlungsplan Magdeburg 1923 and its consequences, PDF pp. 37–45, print pagination pp. 267–275.
  14. ^ Symposium Bruno Taut - Publication 48 / I / II / 95 of the Magdeburg City Planning Office , Regina Prinz: The General Settlement Plan Magdeburg 1923 and its consequences, end of the article PDF p. 1–2, print pagination p. 276–277, Erich Fresdorf see PDF p 2, footnotes 9 and 17, print pagination p. 277.
  15. ↑ The association founded in 1902 is now called Deutscher Tourismusverband eV
  16. ↑ Fresdorf's own statement in his résumés from the 1930s, cf. also newspaper articles from the press archives of the WAZ in Essen, the Kölner Stadtanzeiger and the Kölnische Rundschau, cf. also Reichs Handbuch der Deutschen Gesellschaft, 1930.
  17. ↑ Fresdorf's own statement in his contemporary résumés from the 1930s. Fresdorf probably meant the Trier district president Konrad Saaßen (1886–1937), who was Reich Commissioner for the suburban settlement from 1931–1932. The later Reich Commissioners Gottfried Feder and Robert Ley, who were later responsible for settlement and housing, are rather out of the question. "Randsiedlung" is also used synonymously in documents of the Reich government. Ministerial meeting on May 20, 1932
  18. ↑ Fresdorf's own statement in his résumés in the 1930s
  19. ^ Lotte Fresdorf record, Ernst Fresdorf personnel file at the city of Cologne
  20. ^ Printed minutes of the city council meetings in 1931.
  21. ^ Konrad Adenauer Foundation: Bruno Matzerath
  22. ↑ Files on the filling of vacancies in the Historical Archives of the City of Cologne, viewed around 1991, cf. Ernst Fresdorf's own statements in his résumés in the 1930s as well as later memories of the niece and contemporary witness Gisela Fresdorf, cf. also printed minutes of the city council on staffing, election and inauguration in 1931 and 1932.
  23. ↑ Printed minutes of the Cologne city council in 1932.
  24. ^ Printed minutes of the Cologne city council in 1931
  25. ↑ Files of the Reich Ministry of the Interior, municipal department, on the procedure under the law for the restoration of the professional civil service, Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin
  26. ↑ 64-66 News Office of Cologne, Wilhelm Sollmann I, Cologne 1981, p 92-95 and Historical Archive of the City of Cologne, Wilhelm Sollmann II, Cologne 1981, p 62: report Wilhelm Sollman in.
  27. ↑ The original apartment in Cologne-Lindenthal or Klettenberg was given up soon after the de facto impeachment in March 1933. Registered residential addresses after the withdrawal are proven for Düren (ironically, under a house number on Binsfelder Straße, which was on a property also known as Peillscher Park ) and later Cologne-Riehl (Bodinusstraße 2). After the bombing, the family was evacuated to Bad Kreuznach . Sources: Sender details in contemporary files as well as archive information obtained from the register of residents around 1990 and additional information from the building regulations authorities of the cities of Cologne and Düren.
  28. ↑ In the end , the source, a certificate in the compensation file, leaves open whether he was warned by visible police activities or about leaks in the security apparatus, in advance or afterwards about the existence of a wanted radio message. It is said that he only narrowly escaped arrest and could only escape by immediately escaping.
  29. ↑ According to the content of the compensation files from 1950 onwards, this was probably understood as a public radio announcement at that time . Perhaps, however, this was also referring to the internal radio traffic (police radio message) that cannot be received publicly. How the statement is really to be understood must remain open.
  30. ↑ Salary cuts were generally a hotly contested issue even before 1933. In Art. 129 Para. I S. 3 WRV it was stated: The well-acquired rights of civil servants are inviolable. At the beginning of 1933 the constitutional law scholar Carl Heyland prepared an expert opinion for Ernst Fresdorf on the question of a promise that the city of Cologne had not honored. Heyland was the author of the 1932 Berlin publication The legal validity of assurances under German and Prussian civil service law . Sources: Ernst Fresdorf personnel files of the city of Cologne, Ernst Fresdorf compensation files of the former state pension authority of North Rhine-Westphalia, now Düsseldorf district government, files of the municipal department in the Reich and Prussian Ministry of the Interior on civil servants' salaries in general and for the city of Cologne in the Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin.
  31. ↑ Among other things, it was about a non-compliance with the salary promise from the time before the election and inauguration in Cologne and the difference between the pension payments actually paid from 1933 to 1945 or 1950 and the fictitious (normally expected) earnings of a comparable active civil servant. Sources: Personal file Ernst Fresdorf of the city of Cologne and compensation files of the former state pension authority of North Rhine-Westphalia, now the district government of Düsseldorf.
  32. ↑ Ernst Fresdorf compensation files of the former state pension authority of North Rhine-Westphalia, now the Düsseldorf district government, including certificates from Kurt Fresdorf, Bruno Kuske, Johannes Pimpertz, Richard Fuchs, Ernst Schwering and members of the Thiel family. In the first recognition and compensation proceedings, Fresdorf was represented by his secretary Josi Maur, a widowed Jonassohn, whose husband of Jewish descent had not survived the Nazi persecution. During his five-year internment in the Buchenwald NKVD special camp in Eisenach, she went back to Cologne with him, where she died in 1965 at the age of 65.
  33. ↑ The application, submitted by a brother who was himself a member of the party in Bernburg, is a copy in the file on the procedure under the law for the restoration of the professional civil service at the municipal supervision in the Reich and Prussian Ministry of the Interior. It remains to be seen whether the application, as claimed, was actually attempted or was only fictitious.
  34. ↑ Files of the Reich Ministry of the Interior, municipal department, files on the procedure according to the law for the restoration of the professional civil service, Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin as well as personal memory report Gisela Fresdorf of the efforts of her father Erich Fresdorf among others with Baron von Bothmer in Bernburg, even on the detail, that Bothmer was written to in this context with the predicate "Hochwohlgeboren".
  35. ↑ On the person of Bothmer: Letter from Torsten Kupfer. 2007, information also in the publications, see: Homepage Das Kupfer
  36. ↑ Picture postcard Der Tag von Potsdam , written by Erich Fresdorf to his wife Paula Fresdorf, 1933, report on his interview with Riesen in Cologne with hints about the further planned procedure (next steps), original currently in private possession.
  37. ↑ Fresdorf's own statement in his résumés in the 1930s.
  38. ↑ Files on the application for admission to the bar, Landesarchiv NRW, Hauptstaatsarchiv Düsseldorf as well as files on the application for admission as an administrative law council at the Prussian Higher Administrative Court in Berlin, Secret State Archives of Preussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin See also: Michael Löffelsender: Cologne Lawyers under National Socialism. Contributions to the legal history of the 20th century 88, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2015, pp. 65–68.
  39. ↑ File on the application for admission to the bar, Landesarchiv NRW, Hauptstaatsarchiv Düsseldorf, Kalkum Castle branch, holdings of the Cologne Higher Regional Court, as well as the file on the application for admission to the Prussian Higher Administrative Court in Berlin, Secret State Archives Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin.
  40. ^ Lotte Fresdorf record, Ernst Fresdorf personnel file at the city of Cologne; Traces of the proceedings can be found in the personal files of the Reich Ministry of Justice, Federal Archives Koblenz (written information with photocopies from the files from around 1988).
  41. ^ Ernst Fresdorf compensation files of the former state pension authority of North Rhine-Westphalia, now Düsseldorf district government, including Richard Fuchs' certificate of joint participation in advanced training courses at the NSRB.
  42. ↑ The legal advice law still contained in the version of June 21, 2002 in Art. 3a a transitional provision for the protection of the rights of the holders of old age permits. It regulated that a permit issued under the old ordinance of 1936 to provide business-like assistance in foreign exchange matters is considered a legal advice permit under Art. 1 § 1 Legal Advice Act. It also said there: The permit grants the authority to provide business-like assistance in legal matters relating to the Foreign Trade Act of April 28, 1961 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 481). The scope of the individual permits remains otherwise unchanged; the same applies to the rights resulting from the permit. The Foreign Trade Act of 1961 repealed the 1936 ordinance, but did not abolish the profession of foreign exchange advisor. The job description of the foreign exchange advisor has changed and has been "disenfranchised", so that a legal advice permit is usually no longer needed. Source: Thomas Weber: The order of legal advice in Germany after 1945. From the Legal Advice Abuse Act to the Legal Services Act. Contributions to the legal history of the 20th century 64, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2010, p. 85 f., See also Federal Law Gazette I p. 481 (PDF, 1.8 MB)
  43. ↑ Lotte Fresdorf's record in the Ernst Fresdorf personal file of the city of Cologne. Afterwards, Fuchs was known as an opponent of National Socialism.
  44. ↑ Among other things, Lotte Fresdorf's record in the Ernst Fresdorf personnel file at the city of Cologne and the Ernst Fresdorf compensation file of the state pension authority of North Rhine-Westphalia, now the Düsseldorf district government.
  45. ↑ According to the law on the licensing of tax consultants of May 6, 1933, no persons were generally allowed to be admitted as tax advisors "who are of non-Aryan descent within the meaning of the law for the restoration of the professional civil service of April 7, 1933", such persons were already granted admissions take back, see Wilhelm Treue : Legal, economic and tax advice in two centuries. ESC ( Ash Schümann Commichau ). On the history of a Hamburg partnership 1822–1997, 3rd edition. edited by Gerhard Commichau and Reinhard Preuschoff, Hamburg 1997, p. 92.
  46. ↑ Max Haller and Werner Hotzel (eds., With the help of numerous experts): Commercial handbook, Berlin-Schöneberg, Langenscheidt, no year (1938), first volume, p. 491 (helpers in tax matters), p. 252 (foreign exchange consultants).
  47. ↑ Susanne Meinl and Jutta Zwilling: Legalized Robbery: The Plundering of Jews under National Socialism by the Reich Finance Administration in Hesse , Frankfurt am Main, 2004, p. 127.
  48. ^ Rudolf Liß: Renewal of the public trust system. The chartered accountant of the future. Gathering thoughts on the path and goal and looking at one's presence. Halle / Saale, press and economy, no year (manuscript completed on June 15, 1938), p. 131 f.
  49. ↑ Written information from the Treuhand-Vereinigung AG approx. 1989, based on old wage documents. The company later merged into today's PricewaterhouseCoopers .
  50. ^ Treuhand-Vereinigung, Coopers & Lybrand and Karoli Wirtschaftsprüfung (eds.): Auditing and Commercial Law: Contributions to the 75th anniversary of the Treuhand-Vereinigung Aktiengesellschaft, Stuttgart 1980 and Marianne Geller: History of the Treuhand-Vereinigung AG from 1905 to 1980, without place and Year (photocopy, received from the Treuhand-Vereinigung)
  51. ^ The Heavy Legacy of the Jewish Baron, Welt Online, June 3, 2007.
  52. ↑ The sensitive history of Heiligendamm - who owns the famous bath on the Baltic Sea? World on Sunday, June 3, 2007.
  53. ↑ Through the law for the prevention of abuse in the field of legal advice of December 13, 1935, the principle of compulsory authorization and the determination of professional suitability, taking into account a corresponding need, replaced the freedom of trade of the Reich trade code. So Hans Adolf Weyershaus: Auditing in Germany […]. PDF p. 142, print pagination p. 135, according to statements by Paul-Ludwig Buchholz, managing director of the IdW, in 1936. In Art. 1, Section 6, Paragraph 2 of the law it was expressly stated: The legal form of the employment relationship must not be circumvented of compulsory authorization are abused. With regard to business assistance in tax matters and in foreign exchange matters, reference was made to special provisions in Article 1, Paragraph 4, Paragraph 2. The permissions for this were granted under other laws or derived provisions.
  54. ↑ He was not approved for any of the desired professions (lawyer, administrative law council, foreign exchange advisor, assistant in tax matters).
  55. ↑ After a short period of imprisonment and a phase of uncertainty, he was a retirement official for the city of Cologne from 1933 to 1945 and subsequently until 1950. In contrast to Wilhelm Sollmann, for example, he was not exposed to direct physical violence or physical abuse. See report by Wilhelm Sollmann in: News Office of the City of Cologne, Wilhelm Sollmann II, p. 66; see also the description of the events of 1933 in Hugo Efferoth's biography .
  56. ^ Printed city council protocols Cologne 1931/1932; Files for the application for admission to the bar, State Archives North Rhine-Westphalia, Main State Archives Düsseldorf, Kalkum Castle Branch, inventory of the Cologne Higher Regional Court; Files relating to the application for admission as an administrative law councilor to the Prussian Higher Administrative Court in Berlin as well as files from the Reich and Prussian Ministry of the Interior, municipal department (municipal supervision), on the procedure under the law for the restoration of the professional civil service, both holdings in the Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin.
  57. ^ Hans Adolf Weyershaus: Auditing in Germany [...]. Section 4.3 The profession in the National Socialist "Führer State", PDF pp. 114–210, print pagination pp. 107–203; Verbatim quotations: PDF p. 142, p. 146, print pagination p. 135, p. 139.
  58. ↑ Fresdorf's own statement in his résumés in the 1930s.
  59. ↑ For example, between 1933 and 1935, Encke certified copies of documents that can be found in various files relating to him during this period.
  60. ^ Files from the City of Eisenach and the Wartburg Foundation.
  61. ^ Lotte Fresdorf record, approx. March 1947, Ernst Fresdorf personnel file at the city of Cologne.
  62. ↑ a b files of the city of Eisenach.
  63. ^ Message from contemporary witness Mr. Laue, Eisenach, former driver of the mayor Fresdorf in 1945, 1991 in personal conversation in Eisenach.
  64. ↑ Lotte Fresdorf's record in the Ernst Fresdorf personal file of the city of Cologne. The contemporary witness Laue also expressed himself in this direction in Eisenach around 1991.
  65. ↑ Personal communication contemporary witness Mr. Laue, Eisenach as well as files office of the Prime Minister of Thuringia.
  66. ↑ City of Eisenach files, records of meetings with the military government.
  67. ↑ Personal communication from niece Gisela Fresdorf.
  68. ^ Written information from Mannheim City Archives, Hermann Heimerich estate , approx. 2008.
  69. ↑ Personal communication of contemporary witness Mr Laue in Eisenach 1991 and written information from the Wartburg Foundation around 2008.
  70. ↑ Personal communication from contemporary witness Mr. Laue, Eisenach, 1991.
  71. ↑ Written information from the Munich tracing service of the German Red Cross in 1990 and information from the Buchenwald memorial based on messages from Russian archives (only lists, no individual case files).
  72. ^ Lotte Fresdorf record, Ernst Fresdorf personnel file at the city of Cologne and files from the office of the Prime Minister of the State of Thuringia.
  73. ^ Lotte Fresdorf record, Ernst Fresdorf personnel file at the city of Cologne and files from the office of the Prime Minister of the State of Thuringia.
  74. ↑ Written information from the Foreign Office.
  75. ↑ Personal communication from niece and contemporary witness Gisela Fresdorf.
  76. ↑ Lotte Fresdorf's record in the Ernst Fresdorf personnel file of the city of Cologne, further contents of the personnel file and information from the Munich Red Cross tracing service around 1990.
  77. ↑ Personal communication from several contemporary witnesses: including nieces Gisela Fresdorf, Sigrid Nag.
  78. ↑ Personal communication from niece Sigrid Nag.
  79. ↑ Personnel file Ernst Fresdorf of the city of Cologne, see also materials of the press archive of the publishing house M. DuMont Schauberg, the Axel Springer publishing house, the WAZ group and the printed minutes of the city council and the city council.
  80. ↑ Personal file Ernst Fresdorf of the city of Cologne.
  81. ↑ Article Kölner Stadtanzeiger and Kölnische Rundschau from the press archives of both newspapers as well as original newspaper clipping from the world, approx. 1964, private collection; written information from the ASG, around 1991 and 2008 as well as the management of Ev. Elderly care Cologne-Brück-Merheim, approx. 2008.
  82. ^ Press reports from the press archive of the M. DuMont Schauberg publishing house.
  83. ↑ Among other things, press reports, catalog for the exhibition and "original" of the final report (brochure).
personal data
SURNAME Fresdorf, Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fresdorf, Ernst Andreas (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German SPD politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 4, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Rothensee , Wolmirstedt district
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1967
Place of death Cologne