Euro plate
The Euro license plate or EU license plate , in Germany officially a vehicle license plate with EU identification , was introduced in the European Union to show that the EU countries belong together. It has a blue band on the left edge of the license plate . Above are the twelve yellow stars of the European flag and below in capital letters the country code . The color of the country code is usually white, in some countries (e.g. the back of Great Britain ) it is also yellow.
Various non-EU countries have introduced similar labels, but mostly use their own symbol instead of the European flag above the country code.
history
As early as 1988, a decision was made in Luxembourg to display the European flag in the left part of the license plate.
Introduction in the EU
The decision to introduce the EU label was taken by the Council of the European Union in autumn 1998.
EU design
When designing the design, the EU was guided by the EU license plates introduced in Ireland in 1991, in Portugal in 1992 and in Germany from 1994 onwards , and adopted it as the standard .
The standard design of the EU symbol consists of a blue stripe on the left side of the license plate, with the twelve stars of the European flag on top and the nationality symbol on the bottom . The color scheme of the blue stripe and the stars are based on the European flag, the letters of the nationality code should be white or yellow. Yellow or white letters are used in France, Great Britain, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. With two-line license plates, the blue band is usually in front of the top line, but there are also variants with the blue band in front of the bottom line, e.g. B. in Belgium.
Introduction and exceptions
- In Denmark and Finland, the Europe symbol is optional and not mandatory.
- In Austria, the license plates with the standardized EU ID have been in existence since November 1st, 2002. Before that there were already stickers with the EU characters, which were additionally stuck to the license plate. While this was illegal, it was tolerated domestically.
- Even before joining the EU in 2004, Malta had introduced the euro registration number in 1995.
- In Belgium, the EU license plate has been issued to all new registrations since November 16, 2010.
- Croatia introduced the euro registration number on July 1st, 2015. Even before joining the EU in 2013, unofficial, glued-on euro bars occasionally appeared on the left edge.
Replacement for the oval nationality symbols
In the EU, EEA and EFTA countries as well as in member states of the Vienna Road Traffic Convention , the Euro plate is a replacement for the oval nationality symbol .
Non-EU countries
Various non-EU countries have introduced similar labels, but mostly use their own symbol instead of the European flag above the country code. Some of the new EU members, such as Poland and Lithuania, had temporarily introduced EU-like license plates with a state flag before they joined the EU, but have been using the shape with EU stars since they entered the EU.
Timeline flags of EU member states
Timeline of the license plate number of today's EU countries from 1960 until today | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
country | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | ||||||||
B. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BG |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DK |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
D. |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EST |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIN |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F. |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GR |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IRL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
I. |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MR |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LV |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LT |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L. |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
M. |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PL |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RO |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S. |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SK |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SLO |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
E. |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CZ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
H |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CY |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
country | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | |||||||
1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
Details
The vehicle nationality numbers in the Abbr. Column are linked to the national number plate pages.
Standard license plate for EU countries
country | Abbr. | example | particularities | Introduced | Systematics 1 | Selectable ( license plates ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgium | B. | new system and EU symbol since November 16, 2010 |
Nov 2010 | (# - $$$ - ###) or ($ - $$$ - ###) nationally numbered, personal |
1–8 characters, usually freely selectable | |
Bulgaria | BG | 2000-2006 Bulgarian flag over BG | 2007 | (RR #### $$) Region: 1–2 letters |
Partly freely selectable according to the region code | |
Denmark | DK | EU symbol voluntary | Oct 2009 | ($$ ## ###) numbered nationally |
2–7 alphanumeric characters (including the Danish letters Æ, Ø and Å and up to 3 individual spaces); personal | |
Germany | D. | from January 1994 Berlin and Brandenburg , from July 1994 Saxony , from January 1995 the rest of the federal states, until 2000 voluntary |
from January 1994 gradually | (RRR ∞ $$ ####) Region: 1–3 letters |
systematic combination, partly freely selectable; FE font | |
Estonia | EST | 2004 | (### R $$) Region: 1 letter, vehicle-specific |
systematic combination as well as freely selectable | ||
Finland | FIN | EU symbol voluntary | 2001 | ($$$ • ###) numbered nationally |
systematic combination | |
France | F. | 2009 | ($$ - ### - $$! RR) nationally numbered, region can be freely selected in the right field, vehicle-specific, often glued directly to the body panel at the rear |
not possible | ||
Greece | GR | 2004 | (BB $ - ####) Registration authority : 2 letters, vehicle-specific |
not possible | ||
Ireland | IRL | 1991 | (YYY-RR - #####) Registration year = number: 2–3 digits, region: 1–2 letters, vehicle-specific |
not possible | ||
Italy | I. | Region labeling voluntary | 1999 | ($$ ### $$! RR) nationally numbered, vehicle-specific |
not possible | |
Croatia | MR | From July 2016 new license plates with the EU symbol | July 2016 | (RR ∞ #### - $$) Region: 2 letters |
||
Latvia | LV | 1992–2004 Latvian flag over LV on a white background on the left edge | 2004 | ($$ - ####) numbered nationally |
freely selectable | |
Lithuania | LT | 1992–2004 Lithuanian flag over LT on the left edge | 2004 | ($$$ ∞ ###) nationally numbered, vehicle-specific |
freely selectable | |
Luxembourg | L. | 1988–2003 only the European flag on the left margin | July 2003 | ($$ ####) nationally numbered, vehicle-specific |
freely selectable, personal | |
Malta | M. | 1995 | ($$$ • ###) numbered nationally |
systematic combination, as well as freely selectable | ||
Netherlands | NL | 2000 | ($ - ### - $$) nationally numbered, vehicle-specific |
not possible | ||
Austria | A. | white border to the left of the EU stripe, upper and lower border with red-white-red stripes ( flag of Austria ), the only EU country with a larger shield height | Nov. 2002 | (RR ∞ # &&&& $) Space between numbers and letter block Region: 1–2 letters |
partially freely selectable according to the regional code: min. 1 letter, then min. 1 digit; Length for a single-digit regional code 3–6 characters, otherwise 3–5 characters, personal or company-specific | |
Poland | PL | 2000–2006 Polish flag over PL | May 2006 | (RRR ∞ &&&&) or (RRR ∞ &&&&&) Region: 2–3 letters |
freely selectable according to the 2-digit regional code | |
Portugal | P | since 1998 year (above) and month (below) of the first registration on the yellow stripe on the right edge | 1992 | (## • $$ • ##! YYMM) numbered nationally |
||
Romania | RO | 1992–2006 Romanian flag over RO | 2007 | (RR ### $$$) Region: 1–2 letters |
Letter combination can be selected | |
Sweden | S. | EU symbol voluntary from 2001, mandatory since 2014 | 2003 | ($$$ ∞ ## T) nationally numbered, vehicle-specific |
freely selectable, then personal; in addition to the vehicle-specific license plate | |
Slovakia | SK | April 1997 to April 2004 State coat of arms over SK on a white background on the left edge | 2004 | (RR ∞ ### $$) Region: 2 letters |
freely selectable according to the 2-digit regional code | |
Slovenia | SLO | 2004, mod. 2008 |
(BB ∞ && • &&&) Region: 2 letters |
Freely selectable according to the 2-digit regional code, at least 1 letter | ||
Spain | E. | The E is sometimes covered with CAT in Catalonia , EH (Euskal Herria) in the Basque Country and GZ / GAL in Galicia (but forbidden) | Sept 2000 | (#### $$$) nationally numbered, vehicle-specific |
not possible | |
Czech Republic | CZ | 2004 | (# R & ∞ ####) Region: 1 letter |
freely selectable up to 8 characters, at least 1 digit | ||
Hungary | H | 1990–2004 Hungarian flag over H on a white background on the left edge | 2004 | (DD $ - ###) |
freely selectable with 6 characters, at least last character digit | |
Cyprus | CY | EU symbol voluntary from 2004, compulsory since 2013, license plate until June 2, 2013 front white / rear yellow, since then both white | 2004 | ($$$ ∞ ###) numbered nationally |
freely selectable |
- B = registration authority; D = date of approval (letter code); J = year of registration; M = month of registration
- N = region identified by number; R = region identified by letters
- S = tax month; T = month of the technical inspection
- $ = continuous letters; # = running number; & = Letter or number
- ∞ = coat of arms / badge (s) ;! = Separation special field
Similar marks of other states and special areas of the EU
Marks similar to the euro mark are used in non-EU countries in Europe, Africa and Asia . There are also areas that are under the sovereignty of an EU member state that are not or only partially part of the EU - these are marked with an asterisk (*) in the first column.
In most of the states of North and South America , but also in Australia and Oceania, the name of the state is shown in full in the upper or lower part of the license plate.
In Europe
List of license plates in Europe that are similar to the Euro plate:
country | Abbr. | example | Special features / description | Introduced | Systematics 1 | Selectable ( license plates ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | AL | Double-headed eagle of the national coat of arms over AL on a blue background on the left edge | 2011 | |||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | BIH | Since 2009 BIH on a blue background on the left edge
|
2009 |
|||
Faroe Islands * | FO | Faroese flag over FO on a blue background on the left edge | 1996 | |||
Gibraltar | GBZ | GBZ under the wreath of stars on a blue background on the left edge | ? | |||
guernsey | GBG | Flag of Guernsey over GBG on the left edge | ||||
Iceland | IS | Flag of Iceland over IS on the left edge | 2004 | freely selectable | ||
Isle of Man | GBM | Triskele of the Isle of Man over GBM on red bar | 1994 | |||
jersey | GBJ | Coat of arms jerseys over GBJ | ||||
Kosovo | RKS | RKS in gold on a blue background on the left edge | 2010 | |||
Moldova ⸺ Transnistria |
MD ⸺ |
⸺ |
Flag of the Republic of Moldova flying over MD since 2015.
2011–2015 Coat of arms of the Republic of Moldova over MD on a blue background in the left margin. Before that, coat of arms of the Republic of Moldova over MD on a white background. ⸺ Flag of Transnistria over hologram badge |
Apr. 2015
|
⸺ freely selectable |
|
Montenegro | MNE | MNE in the lower half of the blue bar | 2008 | |||
North Macedonia | NMK | NMK in the lower half of the blue bar; until 2019 MK | 2012 | freely selectable | ||
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | CY | 2018 | ||||
Norway | N | Flag of Norway over N on a blue background at the left edge | 2006 | |||
Russia ⸺ |
RUS ⸺ ? |
⸺ |
RUS and the flag of Russia at the bottom right ⸺ Flag of the Donetsk People's Republic and the DPR at the bottom right |
1993/94 ⸺ 05/2015 12/2015 |
||
Serbia | SRB | SRB in the lower half on a blue background in the left margin | 2011 | |||
Turkey | TR | TR in the lower half on a blue background on the left edge | 1996 | freely chosen text | ||
Ukraine | UA |
Flag of Ukraine over UA on a blue background in the left margin since 2015.
2004–2015 coat of arms over UA on the flag of Ukraine on the left edge, previously only the Ukrainian flag |
2015 1995 |
freely selectable | ||
United Kingdom | GB | Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales): | EU symbol voluntary, only GB is official together with EU or national flag. The left margin can be designed differently for the 4 parts of the country: unofficial abbreviation (e.g. ENG for England ); National flag or flag of the region possible instead of EU flag. | 2001 | (RRJJ $$$) Region of first registration, vehicle-specific |
freely selectable |
Northern Ireland: |
Northern Ireland has a different labeling system . Only GB is official together with the EU flag. | ($ RR ####) | ||||
Belarus | BY | Flag of Belarus over BY on the left edge | 2004 |
Outside of Europe
List of license plates outside Europe that are similar to the euro plate. Many of them do not have a colored bar, but mostly the flag and the country code underneath:
country | Abbr. | example | Special features / description | Introduced |
---|---|---|---|---|
Armenia | AT THE | On the left on a white background the flag of Armenia over AM | August 2014 | |
Algeria | Double room | On the right, on a white background, the flag of Algeria over DZ ; With diplomatic license plates DZ above the stars of the European flag in white (front) or yellow (back) on a blue background on the left | ||
Equatorial Guinea | GQ | On the left a plaque from the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) via GE | ||
Azerbaijan | AZ | On the left on a white background the flag of Azerbaijan over AZ | ||
Australia | OUT |
|
On the left on a blue background, the corresponding state abbreviation (e.g. VIC or NSW ) above state-specific symbols. Special license plates for vehicles, on which a license plate with European dimensions can also be attached. | 2000 |
Bahrain | BRN | On the left the flag of Bahrain , on the right the country name in Arabic البحرين and English | 06/2010 | |
Benin | RB | On the right the flag of Benin in the outline of the territory over RB | ||
Burkina Faso | BF | On the right the flag of Burkina Faso circled over BF in the outline of the territory | ||
Burundi | BU | On the left the flag of Burundi over BU | ||
Ivory Coast | CI | On the right the outline of the territory in a circle above CI | ||
Gabon | G | On the left a plaque of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) , on the right the outline of the territory in a circle above RG | ||
Georgia | GE |
⸺ The breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia issue license plates that are forbidden in the Georgian heartland: ⸺ |
Since 2014 the flag of Georgia left over GE on a blue background. Until September 2014, the flag of Georgia left over GE or before GEO on a white background.
⸺ On the right in the white field under ABH the flag of Abkhazia ⸺ On the left in the white field the flag of South Ossetia and below it the RSO |
2014 |
Ghana | GH | On the right the national flag of Ghana and below the national symbol GH . Variant: In the middle below the identifier GH on the left and the flag on the right |
||
Guinea | GN | On the right the flag of Guinea in the circled country outline, below it RG | ||
Guinea-Bissau | GW | On the left the flag of Guinea-Bissau and below it RGB | ||
India | IND |
|
Different variants: Usually IND on the left edge. The first two letters represent the abbreviation for the state or union territory. Commercial vehicles have a yellow background. |
|
Iran | IR | On the left the flag of Iran over IR IRAN on a blue background, on the right a separated area with ايران (Iran) over digits of the province (e.g. "۱۱" (11) for the province of Tehran ) | ||
Israel | IL | On the left on a blue background the flag of Israel over IL and Israel in Hebrew and Arabic | 200x | |
Jordan | JOR | On the left on a ground of different colors depending on the vehicle class, country name in Arabic الأُرْدُنّ and English (Jordan) | 2007 | |
Cameroon | CAM | On the left a plaque from the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) via CMR | ||
Cape Verde | CV | On the left a flag of Cape Verde | ||
Kazakhstan | concentration camp | On the left on a white background the flag of Kazakhstan over the concentration camp | since 08/2012 | |
Qatar | Q | On the left the stylized flag of Qatar with the white inscription QATAR | since 12/2011 | |
Kyrgyzstan | KGZ | Region code since 2015 at the top left, underneath the flag of Kyrgyzstan and KG on a white background.
1994-2015 the flag of Kyrgyzstan on the left |
2015 | |
Republic of the Congo | RCB | On the left a plaque from the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) via RC | ||
Democratic Republic of Congo | CGO | On the left the flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and below it CGO | since 2009 | |
Cuba | C. | Left CUBA on a blue bar | since 05/2013 | |
Lesotho | LS | On the left a blue Mokorotlo , below it in block letters the name of the country | ||
Lebanon | RL | Since 2017, left on a blue background, country name Lebanon ( Arabic , DMG Lubnān ) in Arabic as well as the cedar symbol and below that the type of vehicle in Arabic
2007-2017 cedar symbol on the left on a blue background and the type of vehicle below in Arabic |
2017 | |
Madagascar | RM | Different variants, mostly with a country outline in the blue stripe on the left | ||
Malawi | MW | On the left the flag of Malawi above the country name | ||
Mauritania | RIM | On the right in the blue stripe a white outline of the country in a white circle, RIM in the middle in Arabic and below in Latin letters | ||
Morocco | MA | On the left, on a red background or on a red field of the territory, a green pentagram of the flag of Morocco over white letters MAROC | ||
Mexico , Quintana Roo | MEX | On the left the abbreviation QR . Special license plate for vehicles on which only a license plate with European dimensions can be installed | ||
New Zealand | NZ | On the left, on a blue background, a Southern Cross, as in the New Zealand flag . Permitted special form for custom license plates (rare) | ||
Niger | RN | On the right the flag of Niger in the country outline, below it RN | ||
Palestine | PS | At the top right the letter P in Arabic script, below it in Latin script | ||
Zambia | ZA | Left ZAMBIA above the coat of arms of Zambia | ||
Sierra Leone | WHALE | At the top left the flag of Sierra Leone | ||
Syria | SYR | On the left on a blue background a diagonally waving flag of Syria in a circle, below it SYR | ||
Tajikistan | TJ | On the left the flag of Tajikistan and underneath TJ | 2010 | |
Tanzania | EAT | On the left the flag of Tanzania | ||
Togo | TG | On the left the flag of Togo , below it TG | ||
Chad | TD | On the right a plaque from the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) via TCH | ||
Turkmenistan | TK | On the left the flag of Turkmenistan over TM | 1994 | |
Uganda | EAU | At the top left the flag of Uganda | ||
Uzbekistan | UZ | On the right the flag of Uzbekistan over UZ | 10/2008 | |
Central African Republic | RCA | On the left a plaque from the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) via RCA |
Similar marks of employees of international organizations or armed forces
organization | Abbr. | Example / description / special features | Special features / description | Introduced |
---|---|---|---|---|
Employees of EU institutions in Belgium | EU |
EUR with twelve stars Employees of EU institutions who lived in Belgium could apply for special license plates (until November 15, 2010) |
||
US forces in Germany | United States | NATO symbol over USA on a blue background in the left margin | 2000 |
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Council Regulation (EC) No. 2411/98 of November 3, 1998 (PDF) .
- ↑ 12 most frequently asked questions about the EU license plate. ARBÖ, October 10, 2002.
- ↑ new license plates from July 2015 (English), on croatiaweek.com, accessed on May 16, 2015.
- ↑ Council of the European Union : Council Regulation (EC) No. 2411/98 of November 3, 1998 on the recognition of the distinguishing mark of the Member State of registration of motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers in intra-Community traffic . In: EUR-Lex (Ed.): Official Journal . L 299, November 10, 1998, p. 1–3 : "Article 3: Member States that require vehicles registered in another Member State to bear a distinctive sign when participating in traffic on their territory shall recognize the distinguishing sign of the registering Member State, which is placed on the left edge of the plate in accordance with the Annex , as equivalent to the other distinguishing marks that they recognize for the purpose of indicating the country of registration of the vehicle. "
- ↑ Annexes - Distinguishing Sign of Motor Vehicles and Trailers to International Traffic - Convention on Road Traffic on November 8, 1968. Retrieved December 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Mogelijke combinaties ZONDER rekening te houden met de reliëfstempel CV van de DIV die aan ieder gepersonaliseerde kentekenplaat voorafgaat (possible combinations ...). (PDF; 13.3 kB) Retrieved on April 13, 2018 (Dutch).
- ↑ skat.dk (Danish)
- ↑ German history - Federal Republic of Germany since unification in 1990 ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on kennzeichen-guide.de