Courts in the Grand Duchy and Republic of Baden

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This article describes the court organization in the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Republic of Baden ; it therefore covers the period between the founding of the Grand Duchy and the end of the Second World War.

From the founding of the Grand Duchy to the separation of jurisdiction and administration

The Grand Duchy of Baden was divided into districts and offices in 1809 (see Baden's administrative structure ). The offices formed the local administrative authorities as well as the courts of first instance. In 1813 19 criminal offices were established. These were also the criminal courts of first instance for the respective neighboring offices. Until 1813 and again from 1823 there was also a patrimonial jurisdiction in the civil offices .

The court courts formed the middle instance . These initially existed at the level of the three (from 1807) provinces. The court court of Freiburg existed for the province of the Upper Rhine or the Baden Landgraviate, the court court of Rastatt for the province of the Middle Rhine and the court court of Mannheim for the province of the Lower Rhine . In 1813 the Meersburg court was added. With the formation of four districts in 1832, the four court courts were retained; their courts were adapted to that of the districts. In 1836 the Meersburg court was relocated to Constance. In the autumn of 1847 the Rastatt court was relocated to Bruchsal.

The highest instance was the “ Oberhofgericht for the Electorate of Baden ” based in Bruchsal . It had succeeded the disbanded Higher Appeal Court in Mannheim . Since 1810, the upper court had its seat in Mannheim again.

In addition to the ordinary dishes, there were special dishes. The second department of the Oberhofmarschallamt in Karlsruhe served as the court judicial authority. The university offices of the University of Freiburg and Heidelberg University acted as university jurisdiction . There were also military courts . This was the Higher Martial Court in Karlsruhe and the regiment, corps and city commanders as the entrance courts .

The separation of the judiciary from the administration in 1857

In 1857 the administration and administration of justice at the lower level were separated from each other. The district offices were purely administrative units, the jurisdiction was taken over by local courts. The Oberhofgericht Mannheim acted as the highest court . A court court was subordinate to this for each of the four districts, including local courts. The court courts were:

dish place circle Remarks
Court of Constance Constancy Seekreis Contemporary Court Court Constanz
Court Court Freiburg Freiburg in Breisgau Upper Rhine District
Bruchsal Court Court Bruchsal Middle Rhine District
Mannheim Court Court Mannheim Lower Rhine District
dish place Court court Remarks
Blumenfeld District Court Field of flowers Court of Constance
District court Bonndorf Bonndorf Court of Constance
District Court of Constance Constancy Court of Constance Contemporary Constanz District Court
District Court of Donaueschingen Donaueschingen Court of Constance
District court Engen Narrow Court of Constance
District court Meersburg Meersburg Court of Constance Dissolved in 1872 and assigned to the Überlingen District Court
Messkirch District Court Messkirch Court of Constance
Neustadt District Court Neustadt Court of Constance
District Court of Pfullendorf Pfullendorf Court of Constance
District court Radolfzell Radolfzell on Lake Constance Court of Constance Contemporary District Court Radolphzell ; According to an ordinance of January 8, 1872, the court was to be dissolved and its district assigned to the Constanz District Court; However, before it came into force, another regulation determined the continued existence of the court.
Salem District Court Salem Court of Constance
Stockach District Court Stockach Court of Constance
District court of Stühlingen Stuehlingen Court of Constance
Überlingen District Court Überlingen Court of Constance
District court Villingen Villingen Court of Constance
District court Breisach Breisach Court Court Freiburg
District court Emmendingen Emmendingen Court Court Freiburg
District Court Ettenheim Ettenheim Court Court Freiburg
Freiburg Municipal Court Freiburg in Breisgau Court Court Freiburg
District Court Freiburg Freiburg in Breisgau Court Court Freiburg
Hornberg District Court Hornberg Court Court Freiburg
District court Jestetten Jestetten Court Court Freiburg Dissolved in 1872 and assigned to the Waldshut District Court.
District Court of Kenzingen Kenzingen Court Court Freiburg
Local court of Loerrach Loerrach Court Court Freiburg
District Court of Müllheim Muellheim Court Court Freiburg
District court Säckingen Säckingen Court Court Freiburg
District court St. Blasien St. Blasien Court Court Freiburg
District court Schönau Schönau Court Court Freiburg
District Court of Schopfheim Schopfheim Court Court Freiburg
District Court of Staufen Staufen Court Court Freiburg
Triberg District Court Triberg Court Court Freiburg
Waldkirch District Court Waldkirch Court Court Freiburg
Waldshut District Court Waldshut Court Court Freiburg
Achern District Court Achern Bruchsal Court Court
Baden District Court to bathe Bruchsal Court Court
District court Bretten Boards Bruchsal Court Court
Bruchsal District Court Bruchsal Bruchsal Court Court
District court Bühl Buhl Bruchsal Court Court
Karlsruhe Municipal Court Karlsruhe Bruchsal Court Court Contemporary City District Court Carlsruhe
District Court Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Bruchsal Court Court Contemporary district court Carlsruhe
District court Durlach Durlach Bruchsal Court Court
Eppingen District Court Eppingen Bruchsal Court Court
District court Ettlingen Ettlingen Bruchsal Court Court
Gengenbach District Court Gengenbach Bruchsal Court Court Dissolved in 1872 and assigned to the Offenburg District Court
District court Gernsbach Gernsbach Bruchsal Court Court Dissolved in 1872 and assigned to the Rastatt District Court
Haslach District Court Haslach Bruchsal Court Court Dissolved in 1872 and assigned to the Wolfach District Court
District court cork cork Bruchsal Court Court
District court Lahr Lahr Bruchsal Court Court
District court Oberkirch Oberkirch Bruchsal Court Court
Offenburg District Court Offenburg Bruchsal Court Court
District Court Pforzheim Pforzheim Bruchsal Court Court
Rastatt District Court Rastatt Bruchsal Court Court
District court Rheinbischofsheim Rheinbischofsheim Bruchsal Court Court
Wolfach District Court Wolfach Bruchsal Court Court
District court Adelsheim Noble home Mannheim Court Court
Boxberg District Court Boxberg Mannheim Court Court
Buchen District Court Book Mannheim Court Court
District court Eberbach Eberbach Mannheim Court Court
District court Gerlachsheim Gerlachsheim Mannheim Court Court Disbanded in 1872 and assigned to the Tauberbischofsheim District Court
District Court of Heidelberg Heidelberg Mannheim Court Court
Ladenburg District Court Ladenburg Mannheim Court Court Dissolved in 1872 and assigned to the Mannheim District Court
Mannheim District Court Mannheim Mannheim Court Court
District court Mosbach Mosbach Mannheim Court Court
Neckarbischofsheim District Court Neckarbischofsheim Mannheim Court Court Dissolved in 1872 and assigned to the Sinsheim District Court
Neckargemünd District Court Neckargemünd Mannheim Court Court Disbanded in 1872 and assigned to the Heidelberg District Court
Philippsburg District Court Philippsburg Mannheim Court Court Dissolved in 1872 and assigned to the Bruchsal District Court
Schwetzingen District Court Schwetzingen Mannheim Court Court
District court Sinsheim Sinsheim Mannheim Court Court
Local court Tauberbischofsheim Tauberbischofsheim Mannheim Court Court
Walldürn District Court Walldürn Mannheim Court Court Dissolved in 1872 and divided between the district courts of Wertheim, Buchen and Tauberbischofsheim (rebuilt in 1879)
District court Weinheim Weinheim Mannheim Court Court
Wertheim District Court Wertheim Mannheim Court Court
District court Wiesloch Wiesloch Mannheim Court Court

In 1864 the Grand Duchy was divided into 11 districts. 11 district courts were created accordingly. Five of them had the function of a court of appeal for their own and neighboring districts and were named "District and Court Court".

dish place circle Remarks
District and Court Court of Constance Constancy Constance district As a court of appeal also for the Villingen and Waldshut districts
District Court Villingen Villingen Villingen district Disbanded in 1872
District court Waldshut Waldshut Waldshut district
District and Court Court Freiburg Freiburg in Breisgau Freiburg district As a court of appeal also for the district of Lörrach
District Court of Loerrach Loerrach District of Loerrach Disbanded in 1872
District and Court Court Offenburg Offenburg Offenburg district As a court of appeal also for the Baden district
District Court of Baden to bathe Baden district Disbanded in 1872
District and Court Court of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Karlsruhe district
District and Court Court Mannheim Mannheim Mannheim district As a court of appeal also for the Heidelberg and Mosbach districts
District Court of Heidelberg Heidelberg District of Heidelberg Disbanded in 1872
District court Mosbach Mosbach District of Mosbach

The Courts Constitution Act

With the entry into force of the Reich Justice Act on October 1, 1879, the uniform imperial court structure was also introduced in Baden. The upper court was dissolved. The Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court took its place . Seven regional courts were introduced, while the local courts remained.

Regional courts

dish place Remarks
District Court Freiburg Freiburg in Breisgau
Karlsruhe Regional Court Karlsruhe
District Court of Constance Constancy
Mannheim District Court Mannheim
District court Mosbach Mosbach
Offenburg Regional Court Offenburg
Waldshut District Court Waldshut

On May 1, 1899, the Heidelberg Regional Court was also established.

District courts

The following table shows the existence of the Baden district courts with the entry into force of the Reich Justice Acts and their assignment to the regional court districts.

dish place district Court Remarks
District court Breisach Breisach District Court Freiburg
District court Emmendingen Emmendingen District Court Freiburg
District Court Ettenheim Ettenheim District Court Freiburg
District court Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg in Breisgau District Court Freiburg
District Court of Kenzingen Kenzingen District Court Freiburg also Rhine shipping court
Local court of Loerrach Loerrach District Court Freiburg also Rhine shipping court
District Court of Müllheim Muellheim District Court Freiburg also Rhine shipping court
Neustadt District Court Neustadt District Court Freiburg
District court Schönau Schönau in the Black Forest District Court Freiburg 1.1.1891 to LG Waldshut
District Court of Schopfheim Schopfheim District Court Freiburg 1.1.1891 to LG Waldshut
District Court of Staufen Staufen im Breisgau District Court Freiburg also Rhine shipping court
Waldkirch District Court Waldkirch District Court Freiburg
Baden District Court to bathe Karlsruhe Regional Court
District court Bretten Boards Karlsruhe Regional Court
Bruchsal District Court Bruchsal Karlsruhe Regional Court also Rhine shipping court
District court Durlach Durlach Karlsruhe Regional Court
Eppingen District Court Eppingen Karlsruhe Regional Court 1.1.1901 to the LG Heidelberg
District court Ettlingen Ettlingen Karlsruhe Regional Court also Rhine shipping court
District court Gernsbach Gernsbach Karlsruhe Regional Court
Karlsruhe District Court Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Regional Court also Rhine shipping court
District Court Pforzheim Pforzheim Karlsruhe Regional Court
Rastatt District Court Rastatt Karlsruhe Regional Court also Rhine shipping court
District Court of Donaueschingen Donaueschingen District Court of Constance
District court Engen Narrow District Court of Constance
District Court of Constance Constancy District Court of Constance
Messkirch District Court Messkirch District Court of Constance
District Court of Pfullendorf Pfullendorf District Court of Constance
District court Radolfzell Radolfzell District Court of Constance
Stockach District Court Stockach District Court of Constance
Überlingen District Court Überlingen District Court of Constance
District court Villingen Villingen District Court of Constance
District Court of Heidelberg Heidelberg Mannheim District Court 1.5.1899 to the LG Heidelberg
Mannheim District Court Mannheim Mannheim District Court also Rhine shipping court
Schwetzingen District Court Schwetzingen Mannheim District Court also Rhine shipping court
District court Sinsheim Sinsheim Mannheim District Court 1.5.1899 to the LG Heidelberg
District court Weinheim Weinheim Mannheim District Court
District court Wiesloch Wiesloch Mannheim District Court 1.5.1899 to the LG Heidelberg
District court Adelsheim Noble home District court Mosbach
Boxberg District Court Boxberg District court Mosbach
Buchen District Court Book District court Mosbach
District court Eberbach Eberbach District court Mosbach
District court Mosbach Mosbach District court Mosbach
Local court Tauberbischofsheim Tauberbischofsheim District court Mosbach
Walldürn District Court Walldürn District court Mosbach canceled on April 1st, 1924
Wertheim District Court Wertheim District court Mosbach
Achern District Court Achern Offenburg Regional Court
District court Bühl Buhl Offenburg Regional Court also Rhine shipping court
District court cork cork Offenburg Regional Court even Rhine Court on 31.10.1881 by Kehl moved
District court Lahr Lahr Offenburg Regional Court also Rhine shipping court
District court Oberkirch Oberkirch Offenburg Regional Court
Offenburg District Court Offenburg Offenburg Regional Court also Rhine shipping court
Triberg District Court Triberg Offenburg Regional Court
Wolfach District Court Wolfach Offenburg Regional Court
District court Bonndorf Bonndorf Waldshut District Court
District court Säckingen Säckingen Waldshut District Court
District court St. Blasien St. Blasien Waldshut District Court
Waldshut District Court Waldshut Waldshut District Court

The following local courts were later established:

dish place district Court built to Remarks
Philippsburg District Court Philippsburg Karlsruhe Regional Court 05/01/1884
Neckarbischofsheim District Court Neckarbischofsheim District court Mosbach 07/01/1884
Gengenbach District Court Gengenbach Offenburg Regional Court 09.09.1889
Singen District Court Singing at the Hohentwiel District Court of Constance 01/01/1929

Implementation of National Socialist laws

In accordance with the ordinance of the Reich government on the formation of special courts, a special court was formed for the district of the Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court , when its seat was determined on March 27, 1933 Mannheim. On November 1, 1940, a special court was established in Freiburg, which was responsible for the district courts of Freiburg, Constance, Offenburg and Waldshut.

In order to implement the Reichserbhofgesetz (Reichserbhofgesetz) , an inheritance courts were set up at the local courts on October 1, 1933 . A hereditary court court was established at the Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court . Exceptions were the district courts Boxberg, Phillipsburg, Ettlingen, Baden-Baden, Gernsbach, Gengenbach and Singen, for whose districts neighboring courts were responsible. As early as March 1934, a number of other judicial districts were merged. Another merger followed in April 1934.

On January 1, 1934, the district courts of Wertheim, Mosbach, Heidelberg, Wiesloch, Mannheim, Bruchsal, Karlsruhe, Pforzheim, Rastatt, Achern, Offenburg, Emmendingen, Freiburg, Lörrach, Waldshut, Konstanz, Stockach and Donaueschingen were affiliated with hereditary health courts and the Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court Hereditary Health Supreme Court .

Commercial courts

With the ordinance of November 24, 1865 concerning the establishment of commercial courts, commercial courts were set up in Karlsruhe and Mannheim.

Administrative courts

The first German administrative court, the Badische Verwaltungsgerichtshof with seat in Karlsruhe, was established by law of October 5, 1863 in the Grand Duchy of Baden .

Labor jurisdiction

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
In Baden, too, commercial and merchant courts must have existed in the larger cities during the times of the Grand Duchy.
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

In accordance with the Reich Labor Court Act of 1926, a nationwide labor court system was also established in Baden. Labor courts and state labor courts were established by the implementing ordinance to the Labor Court Act of May 12, 1927. In accordance with the Reich Law, the labor courts were independent courts, while the regional labor courts were affiliated to the regional courts. Accordingly, the following labor courts existed in Baden from July 1, 1927:

dish place Parent Remarks
Labor court Tauberbischofsheim Tauberbischofsheim Regional Labor Court Mosbach
Labor Court Buchen Book Regional Labor Court Mosbach repealed on 01/01/1934
Labor court Mosbach Mosbach Regional Labor Court Mosbach
Labor court Eberbach Eberbach Regional Labor Court Mosbach repealed on 01/01/1934
Labor Court Heidelberg Heidelberg Regional Labor Court Mannheim
Labor Court Sinsheim Sinsheim Regional Labor Court Mannheim repealed on 01/01/1934
Mannheim Labor Court Mannheim Regional Labor Court Mannheim
Bruchsal Labor Court Bruchsal Karlsruhe Regional Labor Court repealed on 01/01/1934
Karlsruhe Labor Court Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Regional Labor Court
Labor Court Pforzheim Pforzheim Karlsruhe Regional Labor Court
Rastatt Labor Court Rastatt Karlsruhe Regional Labor Court
Baden Labor Court to bathe Karlsruhe Regional Labor Court
Offenburg Labor Court Offenburg Offenburg Regional Labor Court
Labor Court Lahr Lahr Offenburg Regional Labor Court
Wolfach Labor Court Wolfach Offenburg Regional Labor Court repealed on 01/01/1934
Labor court Triberg Triberg Offenburg Regional Labor Court repealed on 01/01/1934
Freiburg Labor Court Freiburg in Breisgau Regional Labor Court Freiburg
Labor court in Loerrach Loerrach Regional Labor Court Freiburg
Neustadt Labor Court Neustadt Regional Labor Court Freiburg
Waldshut Labor Court Waldshut State Labor Court of Constance
Labor Court Villingen Villingen State Labor Court of Constance
Labor Court Donaueschingen Donaueschingen State Labor Court of Constance repealed on 01/01/1934
Stockach Labor Court Stockach State Labor Court of Constance
Labor Court Radolfzell Radolfzell State Labor Court of Constance repealed on 1.1.1929
Labor Court Constance Constancy State Labor Court of Constance

After 1928:

dish place built to Parent Remarks
Singing Labor Court Singing at the Hohentwiel 1.1.1929 State Labor Court of Constance

On January 1, 1934, the number of courts decreased: State labor courts only continued to exist in Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Freiburg and Constance; for the repealed labor courts see the table above.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Government Gazette of the Grand Duchy of Baden from September 1, 1807, pp. 343–344, online
  2. ↑ Grossherzoglich-Baden Government Gazette 1836, No. 11, p. 72
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch: Tabular overview of the judicial organism of all German federal states, 1836, pp. 5-8, online
  4. ^ Ordinance, effective September 1, 1857, Großherzoglich Badisches Regierungs-Blatt 1857, p. 318
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden from January 8, 1872, p. 8, online
  6. ↑ Ordinance of April 10, 1872, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden p. 197, online .
  7. ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogthums Baden 1858, pp. 164–206
  8. ↑ Enforcement Ordinance on the Constitution of Courts, Großherzoglich Badisches Regierungsblatt: 1864, July 25, 1864, p. 293 ff., Online
  9. ↑ a b c d Law of March 17, 1898, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden (GVBl) p. 231, online ; Ordinance of 14 January 1899, GVBl p. 3, online
  10. ↑ a b Law of June 26, 1890, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden p. 485, online ; Ordinance of August 31, 1890, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden p. 521, online
  11. ^ Ordinance of September 21, 1900, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden p. 975, online
  12. ^ Ordinance of February 25, 1924, Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt p. 29, online
  13. ↑ Announcement of October 7, 1881, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden p. 257, online
  14. ^ A b Ordinance of April 19, 1884, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden p. 117, online
  15. ^ Ordinance of July 10, 1889, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Baden p. 111, online
  16. ^ Ordinance of November 21, 1928, Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt p. 299, online
  17. ^ Ordinance of March 21, 1933, Reichsgesetzblatt I p. 136
  18. ^ Decree of March 27, 1933, Badisches Justizministerialblatt p. 47, online
  19. ^ Establishment of a special court in Freiburg (Breisgau). AV of the Reich Minister of Justice of October 15, 1940, Deutsche Justiz p. 1167.
  20. ^ Ordinance of October 21, 1933, Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt p. 228
  21. ^ Ordinance of March 22, 1934, Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt p. 122, online
  22. ^ Ordinance of April 27, 1934, Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt p. 175, online
  23. ^ Ordinance of December 22, 1933, Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt p. 300, online
  24. ↑ Werner Frotscher / Bodo Pieroth : Verfassungsgeschichte , 5th edition, Munich 2005, Rn 422.
  25. ↑ Law on internal administration (Reg.-Bl. p. 399 )
  26. ^ Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt 1927 p. 101
  27. ^ Linsenmaier, Wolfgang: Die Arbeitsgerichtsbarkeit , accessed on October 25, 2017
  28. ↑ a b c d e f g h Third ordinance amending the implementing ordinance to the Labor Court Act of October 23, 1933, Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt p. 224
  29. ↑ a b Ordinance of November 21, 1928, Badisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt p. 300, online