Eibenstock

Basic data
State :	Saxony
County :	Erzgebirgskreis
Height :	650 m above sea level NHN
Area :	112.23 km 2
Residents:	7261 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	65 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	08309
Area code :	037752
License plate :	ERZ, ANA, ASZ, AU, MAB, MEK, STL, SZB, ZP
Community key :	14 5 21 170
LOCODE :	DE ZEK
City structure:	13 districts
; City administration address :	Rathausplatz 1 ; 08309 Eibenstock
Website :	www.eibenstock.de
Mayor :	Uwe Staab ( CDU )
Location of the city of Eibenstock in the Erzgebirge district

Eibenstock

Eibenstock is a town in the Saxon Ore Mountains District . The state-approved resort is located in the Western Ore Mountains .

geography

According to the natural space map of Saxony, Eibenstock lies in the mesogeochore "Eibenstocker Bergrücken". The built-up urban area includes the microgeochores "Eibenstocker ridge area" and "Eibenstocker Zerschneidungsgebiet".
The town of Eibenstock includes the districts of Eibenstock, Blauenthal , Wolfsgrün , Neidhardtsthal , Wildenthal , Oberwildenthal , Sosa and Carlsfeld with the small settlements Blechhammer , Neues Wiesenhaus , Stabhammer, Wilzschmühle and Weitersglashütte .

Neighboring
cities and municipalities are:

in the Erzgebirge district : Schönheide , Stützengrün , Zschorlau , Bockau , Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb. , Breitenbrunn / Erzgeb. and Johanngeorgenstadt ,
in the Czech Republic : Přebuz (German early penance) ( Karlovarský kraj ),
In the Vogtland district : Muldenhammer and Auerbach .

Schönheide	Stützengrün , Zschorlau	Bockau
Auerbach		Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb. , Breitenbrunn / Erzgeb.
Dump hammer	Přebuz (German early penance) ( Czech Republic , Karlovarský kraj )	Johanngeorgenstadt

history

Eibenstock around 1629 in an engraving by Wilhelm Dilich

Surname

As the origin of the name, the name for a "place on Eibenstöckicht or Eibenholz" is assumed.

From the foundation to the beginning of the 20th century

Due to the altitude of more than 600 m, Eibenstock was not one of the very first farming villages in the Ore Mountains . There is an assessment that it emerged as a permanent settlement in the form of a radial forest hoof village at the earliest in the course of the 13th century in the area of the later rulership of Schwarzenberg . However, it is also regarded as a farming village from the end of the 12th century. A ring wall was found about 1.5 kilometers from the outskirts not far from the confluence of the Steinbächels in the Große Bockau near Blauenthal .

The first two documents mentioned as Ybenstok and Ibenstok date back to 1378. At that time it was called an old soap , which suggests that the development of the village was also determined by mining . Soap mining was carried out in the vicinity of Eibenstock until the 19th century, but at the same time ironstone and tin were extracted from solid rock. The mining regulations for Eibenstock dates from March 15, 1534. 1560 Eibenstock became the official seat of its own mining office and from then on called itself a free mining town .

In 1453, Elector Friedrich von Sachsen enfeoffed the brothers Leonhart and Nickel von Tannenberg auf Plohn with the villages of Eibenstock, Sosa and Burkhardtsgrün, among others . However, they could only enjoy the new property for a short time, because Wilhelm von Tannenberg had to hand over Eibenstock to the Hereditary Marshal of Saxony, Hans Löser, in 1456 . In 1464 Eibenstock fell back to the Schwarzenberg rulership and in 1533 was part of the Schwarzenberg office of Saxony.

During the first church visits in Saxony after the beginning of the Reformation, Eibenstock was also visited between January 12 and February 1, 1529. In the report of the Vistators it is described that there was a church in Eibenstock and that two pastors performed their duties. The neighboring village of Sosa also belonged to Bockau.

Eibenstock received city rights around the middle of the 15th century. In 1532 the place was referred to as a “ market town ” and in 1555 as a “small town”. The current town only received market rights in 1639. In 1734 there was the first fish market where fresh fish from Hamburg was sold.

View of Eibenstock in Johann Paul Oettel's chronicle from 1747

In 1770, Eibenstock was also affected by an earthquake, which was even reported in a newspaper in Augsburg: It is reported from Leipzig that an earthquake in Bockau, Schneeberg, Johann Georgenstadt, Eybenstock and in the whole of the native region, but special damage, been felt.

With Clara Angermann , tambouring ( artistic embroidery with crochet hooks ) came to town in 1775 ; she taught this art to the women of the city until 1780. The embroidery began to blossom. In 1850 there were already six successful embroidery companies and in 1858 the first embroidery machine was used. The embroidery became famous all over the world, so that from 1891 to 1908 the USA had a consulate in the city for the maintenance of its business relations.

Karl August Engelhardt reported in his fatherland studies for middle schools of the Kingdom of Saxony , published in 1826, that Eibenstock consists only of individual houses without alleys, operates “mining on tin and iron stone, produces vitriol oil, tin ware, lace and mousselin, which is also often sewn for Voigtland factories. "

Due to three large fires (1856, 1862 and 1892), which destroyed entire districts and destroyed almost a third of the houses, the buildings were redesigned according to contemporary criteria during the reconstruction. In the period from 1864 to 1868 the neo-Romanesque church and in 1906/07 a new town hall in Art Nouveau style were built.

In 1875 the Chemnitz – Aue – Adorf railway line opened in the deeply cut valley of the Zwickauer Mulde . Due to the difference in altitude of around 130 m and the distance of around 3.5 km, the station in the valley could only be reached with great difficulty for the Eibenstockers. It was therefore decided to build the steep Eibenstock line, which opened in 1905 and became known nationwide as the steepest railway line in Saxony. The station in the valley was named Eibenstock lower station , the station at the city Eibenstock upper station . With the construction of the dam, railway operations both on the steep section and in the Mulde valley were discontinued in 1975.

Development from 1914 until today

During the First World War , the embroidery industry collapsed and only after the end of the Second World War could the embroidery industry re-establish itself. However, she never regained the high level of fame that she had before 1914. Small embroidery companies initially merged to form cooperatives, such as the production cooperatives of the craft (PGH) Sticktex or the Eibenstocker Buntstickerei . In 1972 the PGH were converted into state- owned companies (VEB) .

Eibenstock dam

Between 1974 and 1979, the Eibenstock dam, the second largest dam project in the GDR, was implemented. The Muldenhammer district was dismantled. A basin with 77 million cubic meters of storage space and around 350 hectares was created . It supplies around a million people with drinking water.

After the reunification , parts of the embroidery industry in Eibenstock turned out to be not competitive, while other long-established companies expanded and new innovative companies settled in the industrial area. Numerous start-ups in the tourism and leisure industry benefit from the city's vision of developing into a health resort and at the same time support this process with their entrepreneurial activities.

As part of public-law agreements, the municipalities of Blauenthal and Wildenthal were incorporated into the city of Eibenstock on January 1, 1994 on the basis of the Saxon municipal code in the voluntary phase of the first Saxon municipal reform. The municipality of Carlsfeld followed on April 1, 1997, and the Sosa municipality on January 1, 2011 .

Eibenstock celebrated its 850th anniversary in 2005 after the 800th anniversary had already been celebrated in July 1955.

Population development

The following table shows the development of the population from 1802 onwards. After almost tripling as a result of industrialization in the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, there has been a steady decline in the number of inhabitants since German reunification , caused by emigration and declining birth rates. The incorporation of the neighboring town of Sosa on January 1, 2011 - after the territorial status of December 31, 2010 - resulted in another significant increase in the number of inhabitants to 8168 people.

year	Residents
1802	3,142
1834	4,576
1847	5,229
1875	6,553
1905	8,698
1913	9,899
1959	9,500
1960	7,050
1971	8,477

year	Residents
1998	7,410
1999	7,285
2000	7.187
2001	7,081
2002	6,924
2003	6,815
2004	6,708
2005	6,576
2006	6,440

year	Residents
2007	6.339
2008	6.263
2009	6,195
2010	8,168
2011	7,933
2012	7,838
2013	7,736
2014	7,678
2015	7,640

from 1960 due date: December 31

Sources: 1847 and 1905: Eibenstock Town Hall leaflet (as of April 2011); 1959: Meyer's New Lexicon. VEB Bibliograph. Inst. Leipzig, 1963, Vol. 2, p. 808; from 1998: State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony (municipality table)

politics

City council election 2019

Turnout: 62.1% (2014: 46.7%)

%

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

44.4%

12.4%

5.5%

6.5%

4.1%

15.9%

11.3%

CDU

SPD

left

GTV ^d

FVGS ^e

AfD

FWV

Gains and losses

compared to 2014

% p

16

14th

12

10

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8th

-10

-9.9 % p

-8.8 % p

-4.3 % p

+ 6.5 % p

+ 4.1 % p

+ 15.9 % p

+ 11.3 % p

CDU

SPD

left

GTV ^d

FVGS ^e

AfD

FWV

Remarks:

^d Trade and tourism association

^e Friends of the Sosa Primary School

City council

Since the municipal council election on May 26, 2019 , the 18 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:

Party / list	Seats	Distribution of seats since 2019 2 9 2 1 3 1 2 9 2 1 3 1 A total of 18 seats SPD : 2 CDU : 9 FWV : 2 GTV : 1 AfD : 3 Left : 1
CDU	9
AfD	3
SPD	2
LEFT	1
FWV	2
GTV ^*	1

^* Trade and tourism association

mayor

In the mayoral election in June 2015, Uwe Staab was confirmed as mayor with 85.0% of the valid votes.

Town twinning

Eibenstock maintains partnerships with:

Biebertal in Hessen since 1991

Memorials

Community grave complex with two obelisks in the municipal cemetery for an unknown number of Soviet prisoners of war as well as women and men who fell victim to forced labor during the Second World War. 40 unknown concentration camp prisoners from a death march of the Flossenbürg concentration camp , who were murdered by SS men in April 1945, are also resting there
Memorial stone on the Eibenstock- Wildenthal road by the former Waldschänke inn
Memorial stone on Bundesstrasse 283 shortly before Schönheiderhammer for the prisoners of the 1945 death march with the inscription “Here in 1945 21 concentration camp prisoners were murdered by the fascists. Don't forget us! "

Culture and sights

Evangelical Lutheran town church in neo-Romanesque style
Town hall in the style of historicism with numerous Art Nouveau elements, especially in the interior. The central town hall tower, over 50 meters high, is particularly striking. The building was designed according to the plans of the city architect Arthur Lützner . The inauguration took place on October 31, 1907 with the handover of the golden key to the then mayor Adolf Hesse.
Embroidery Museum
Replica of the Saxon distance column from 1727 on Postplatz (original remnant in the museum)
restored Royal Saxon station stones at the former customs office ( Karlsbader Strasse) and at the town church (Schönheider Strasse / Kirchplatz)
Eibenstock was known for the large FDGB vacation home at the Eibenstock dam . Today the complex has been renovated and is operated as a hotel, with an adventure pool built next to it. Because of the striking blue paintwork, the hotel has been called the Blue Wonder since the renovation . Originally the building was used to house the builders of the dam.
Not far south of the Blue Wonder is the “Glück auf” tower, a 33.89 m high observation tower, built in 2008 .
To the south of the city is the 778.1 m high Adlerfels , from whose vicinity you can enjoy a beautiful panoramic view of Eibenstock when the view is clear. On the mountain slope is "Wurzelrudis Erlebniswelt", which u. a. includes an all-weather toboggan run, a maze, an adventure playground and a ski lift.
The 1018 m high Auersberg , located near the Czech border, belongs to the Wildenthal district.

Attractions
Saxon postal mileage column on the Postplatz
Town Hall (1907)
Evangelical town church
Early Royal Forestry Office (Revier Auersberg), today tourist information
"Glück auf" tower
Auersberg

economy

Mulderadweg near Wolfsgrün (2013)

Tin and iron ore mining was practiced in the region from the 14th to the 18th century. After a great famine in 1771/1773, this branch of industry was mainly replaced by embroidery .

traffic

Eibenstock ob Bf, side view (2017)

The federal road 283 from Adorf / Vogtl. to Aue leads through Eibenstock.

From 1875 to 1975 the city was connected to the Chemnitz – Adorf railway line through the lower Eibenstock station, which is now flooded by the water from the Eibenstock dam . After the turn of the 20th century, a short connection to Eibenstock was built and in 1905 the upper Eibenstock station, which is more convenient for the city, was opened. With the construction of the Eibenstock dam in the 1970s, the railway line and station were given up. Since then there has been no rail traffic in the city area. Aue train station can be reached by bus. The former railway line between the Eibenstock districts Wolfsgrün and Blauenthal and Aue was paved and is used for the Mulderadweg .

Personalities

literature

Ipoenander (= Johann Paul Oettel): Old and New Merckworthiness From the Königl. Pohln. and Churfürstl. Sächßl. Mountain town of Eybenstock. Schneeberg 1747 ( digitized version ).
Johann Paul Oettel : Old and New History of the Royal. Pohln. and Churfürstl. Sächßl. freyen mountain town of Eybenstock, in Meißnischen Ober-Erzgebürge. Schneeberg 1748 (extended reprint 1997).
Johann Paul Oettel: old and new history of the laudable mountain town Eybenstock, located in Meißnischen Ober-Erzgebürg, other main department. several volumes, Schneeberg 1749 ff. (extended reprint 1997) ( digitized version of the original editions )
City of Eibenstock (ed.): 850 years of the mining town of Eibenstock - Festschrift. Eibenstock 2005.
Richard Steche : Eibenstock. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 8th booklet: Amtshauptmannschaft Schwarzenberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1887, p. 12.
Eybenstock, Eibenstock . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 2nd volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1815, pp. 583-589.
Eibenstock. In: The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967. pp. 130-140.

Web links

Commons : Eibenstock - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Eibenstock - travel guide

Eibenstock in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

Individual evidence

↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).

↑ Natural space map service of the Landschaftsforschungszentrum eV Dresden ( information )

^ ^A ^b Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther: Saxony. Old city names and their history . Faber and Faber Verlag Leipzig 2007, p. 56

^ Siegfried Sieber: Colliery houses in the woodland around the Auersberg . In: Erzgebirge 1974. A yearbook for socialist local history , Stollberg 1973, pp. 49–55

^ Karl August Hugo Burkhardt: History of the Saxon Church and School Visitations from 1524 to 1529. Reprint of the Leipzig edition 1879, Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1981, p. 24f.

↑ Geographisch-Kartographisches Institut Meyer (Ed., Head Adolf Hanle): Erzgebirge . In: Meyers Naturführer . Meyers Lexikonverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 1992, ISBN 3-411-07151-6 , p. 29

^ Augsburgische Ordinari Postzeitung von Staatspolitische und other Nachrichten , No. 258 of October 27, 1770, books.google.de

^ News from the parts of the country . In: Dresdner Journal , January 3, 1906, No. 2, afternoon; regarding a memorial for Clara Angermann ( Wikisource )

↑ Karl August Engelhardt: Fatherland Studies for Citizens' Schools of the Kingdom of Saxony , fourth enlarged and improved edition, Dresden and Leipzig 1826, p. 132f. ( Link to the digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )

↑ Manfred Blechschmidt: At home with us. Chemnitz 2010, p. 230.

^ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .