List of heads of state 1883

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Africa

• Egypt (part of the Ottoman Empire)
  • Khedive : Tawfiq (1879-1892)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor : Yohannes IV. (1871-1889)

• Buganda
  • Kabaka : Mutesa I. (1856-1884)

• Bunyoro
  • Omukama : Kabalega (1869–1898)

• Burundi
  • King : Mwezi IV. Gisabo (1852–1908)

• Dahomey
  • King : Glélé (1856–1889)

• Liberia
  • President : Anthony W. Gardiner (1878–1883)
  • President: Alfred F. Russell (1883–1884)

• Morocco
  • Sultan : Mulai al-Hassan I (1873-1894)

• Rwanda
  • King : Kigeri IV. (1853–1895)

• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph : Umaru bin Ali (1881-1891)

• Zulu
  • King : Cetshwayo kaMpande (1872–1884)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: Queen : Victoria (1867–1901)
    • Governor General :
      • John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne (1878-1883)
      • Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (1883–1888)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister : John A. Macdonald ( 1867–1873 , 1878–1891)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President : Manuel González (1880–1884)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government : President : Chester A. Arthur (1881–1885)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President Próspero Fernández Oreamuno (1882–1885)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State or Government: President : Ulises Heureaux (September 1, 1882–1884, 1887–1889, 1889–1899 )

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Rafael Zaldívar (1876–1884)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Justo Rufino Barrios (1873–1885)

• Haiti
  • Head of State and Government: President Lysius Salomon (1879–1888)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President : Marco Aurelio Soto (1876– May 9, 1883)
    • President Luis Bográn Barahona (November 30, 1883–1891)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Joaquín Zavala (1879– March 1, 1883)
    • President Adán Cárdenas (March 1, 1883–1887)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President : Julio Argentino Roca (1880–1886, 1898–1904 )

• Bolivia
  • Head of State or Government: President : Narciso Campero Leyes (1880–28 December 1884)

• Brazil
  • Ruler: Emperor : Peter II (1831–1889)

• Chile
  • Head of State or Government: President : Domingo Santa María (1881–1886)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • (temporarily) Ignacio de Veintemilla (1876–9 July 1883)
    • Pedro Carbo (September 17 - October 11, 1883)
    • (incumbent) Vice-President of the National Assembly Ramón Borrero y Cortázar (October 11 - October 15, 1883)
    • (incumbent) Rafael Pérez (October 15 - November 23, 1883)
    • (temporarily) José Plácido Caamaño (November 23, 1883–1888)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President José Eusebio Otálora (1882–1884)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Bernardino Caballero (1881–1886)

• Peru
  • Head of State and Government:
    • (provisional) Lizardo Montero Flores (1881–28 October 1883)
    • President Andrés A. Cáceres Dorregaray (October 28, 1883–1885, 1886–1890 )

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Máximo Santos (1882–1886)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Antonio Guzmán Blanco (1870–1884, 1886–1888 )

Asia

• Abu Dhabi
  • Emir: Zayed I (1855-1909)

• Ajman
  • Sheikh: Raschid II. (1872-1891)

• Afghanistan
  • Emir: Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)

• Bahrain
  • Emir: Isa I. (1869-1932)

• China ( Qing Dynasty )
  • Emperor: Guangxu (1875-1908)

• British India
  • Empress : Victoria (1877–1901)
  • Viceroy : George Robinson (1880–1884)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Mutsuhito (1867–1912)

• Korea
  • King: Gojong (1864-1897)

• Kuwait
  • Emir: Abdullah II. (1866-1892)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Prithvi (1881–1911)

• Oman
  • Sultan: Turki ibn Said (1871–1888)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
  • Shah : Naser od-Din Shah (1848–1896)

• Thailand
  • King: Chulalongkorn , King of Thailand (1868–1910)

Australia and Oceania

• Hawaii
  • King : David Kalākaua (1874-1891)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Jules Grévy (1879–1887)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Salvador Casañas i Pagès (1879–1901)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold II (1865–1909)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Walthère Frère-Orban ( 1868–1870 , 1878–1884)

• Bulgaria
  • Prince : Alexander I (1879–1886)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King : Christian IX. (1863–1906)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)

• German Empire
  • Kaiser : Wilhelm I (January 18, 1871–1888)
    • Imperial Chancellor : Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
  • Stop
    • Duke : Friedrich I (1871–1904)
      • Minister of State : Anton von Krosigk (1875-1892)
  • to bathe
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich I (1856–1907)
      • Minister of State: Ludwig Turban the Elder (1876-1893)
  • Bavaria :
    • King : Ludwig II. (1864-1886)
      • Chairman of the Council of Ministers : Johann Freiherr von Lutz (1880–1890)
  • Braunschweig
    • Duke : Wilhelm (1831-1884)
  • Bremen
    • Mayor : Carl Friedrich Christian Buff (1883) (1885) (1888) (1890)
  • Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine
    • Imperial governor: Edwin von Manteuffel (1879–1885)
    • State Secretary of the Ministry for Alsace-Lorraine : Karl von Hofmann (1880–1887)
  • Hamburg
    • First Mayor : Carl Friedrich Petersen (1876–1877) (1880) (1883) (1886) (1889) (1892)
  • Hessen-Darmstadt
    • Grand Duke : Ludwig IV. (1877-1892)
  • lip
    • Prince : Woldemar (1875–1895)
  • Lübeck
    • Mayor : Heinrich Theodor Behn (1871–1872) (1875–1876) (1879–1880) (1883–1884) (1887–1888) (1891–1892) (1895–1896)
  • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz II. (1842–1883)
    • Grand Duke: Friedrich Franz III. (1883-1897)
  • Mecklenburg-Strelitz
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich Wilhelm (1860–1904)
  • Oldenburg
    • Grand Duke : Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853–1900)
      • Minister of State : Friedrich Andreas Ruhstrat (1876–1890)
  • Prussia :
    • King : Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
      • Prime Minister : Otto von Bismarck (1862–1873) (1873–1890)
  • Reuss older line
    • Prince : Heinrich XXII. (1859–1902)
  • Reuss younger line
    • Prince : Heinrich XIV. (1867–1913)
  • Saxony :
    • King : Albert (1873–1902)
      • Chairman of the entire ministry : Georg Friedrich Alfred Graf von Fabrice (1876–1891)
  • Saxony-Altenburg
    • Duke : Ernst I (1853–1908)
  • Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    • Duke : Ernst II (1844-1893)
  • Saxony-Meiningen
    • Duke : George II (1866–1914)
  • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    • Grand Duke : Carl Alexander (1853–1901)
  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    • Prince : Adolf I. Georg (1860-1893)
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    • Prince : Georg Albert (1869–1890)
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    • Prince : Karl Günther (1880–1909)
  • Waldeck and Pyrmont (administered by Prussia since January 1, 1868)
    • Prince : Georg Victor (1845-1893)
  • Württemberg :
    • King : Charles I (1864-1891)
      • President of the State Ministry : Hermann von Mittnacht (1876–1900)

• France
  • Presidents : Jules Grévy (1879–1887)

• Greece
  • King : George I (1863–1913)

• Italy
  • King : Umberto I (1878–1900)

• Luxembourg (1815–1890 personal union with the Netherlands)
  • Grand Duke : Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Monaco
  • Prince Charles III (1856-1889)

• Montenegro
  • Prince : Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860–1918) (from 1910 king )

• Neutral Moresnet
  • King of Belgium : Leopold II (1865–1909)
  • King of Prussia : Wilhelm I (1861–1888)

• Netherlands (1815–1890 personal union with Luxembourg)
  • King : Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Norway (1814–1905 personal union with Sweden)
  • King : Oskar II (1872–1905)

• Ottoman Empire :
  • Sultan : Abdülhamid II. (1876-1909)

• Austria-Hungary
  • Emperor : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)

• Portugal
  • King : Ludwig I (1861–1889)

• Romania
  • Head of State: King Charles I (1866–1914) (until 1881 Prince)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ion C. Brătianu ( 1868, 1876–1881 , 1881–1888)

• Russia
  • Emperor : Alexander III. (1881-1894)

• Sweden
  • King : Oskar II. (1872–1907) (1872–1905 King of Norway)

• Serbia
  • King : Milan Obrenović I (1868–1889) (prince until 1882)

• Spain
  • King : Alfonso XII. (1874-1885)

• Hungary
  • King : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) (1848–1916 King of Bohemia, 1848–1916 Emperor of Austria)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone ( 1868–1874 , 1880–1885, 1886, 1892–1894 )